ElasticSearch中term和match探索
一.创建测试数据
1.创建一个index
curl -X PUT http://127.0.0.1:9200/student?pretty -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{
"settings": {
"number_of_shards": 1,
"number_of_replicas": 0
},
"mappings": {
"_source": {
"enabled": true
},
"properties": {
"id": {
"type": "integer"
},
"name": {
"type": "text"
},
"age": {
"type": "integer"
},
"class": {
"type": "text",
"analyzer": "ik_max_word"
},
"introduce": {
"type": "text",
"analyzer": "ik_max_word"
}
}
}
}'
2.验证是否创建成功
curl -XGET "http://127.0.0.1:9200/student?pretty"
3.插入测试数据
curl -X PUT http://127.0.0.1:9200/student/_doc/1?pretty -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{
"id":1,
"name":"关云长",
"age":30,
"class":"蜀国一班"
}'
curl -X PUT http://127.0.0.1:9200/student/_doc/2?pretty -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{
"id":2,
"name":"吕蒙",
"age":25,
"class":"吴国一班"
}'
curl -X PUT http://127.0.0.1:9200/student/_doc/3?pretty -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{
"id":3,
"name":"吕布",
"age":40,
"class":"三姓一班"
}'
curl -X PUT http://127.0.0.1:9200/student/_doc/4?pretty -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{
"id":4,
"name":"张翼德",
"age":30,
"class":"蜀国二班"
}'
4.查询所有数据,验证是否正确
curl -XGET http://127.0.0.1:9200/student/_search?pretty -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
}
}'
二.验证
#关于term和match,下面两个查询,term没有结果,match有结果,为什么?
curl -XGET http://127.0.0.1:9200/student/_search?pretty -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{
"query": {
"term": {"name":"吕蒙"}
}
}'
curl -XGET http://127.0.0.1:9200/student/_search?pretty -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{
"query": {
"match": {"name":"吕蒙"}
}
}'
拿A去B里匹配,A能分词,B也能分词。term不会将A分词,match会将A分词,存储数据类型keyword不会将B分词,text会将B分词。
可以看到上面用term方式查找,没有结果,而用match方式查找,能查找到“吕蒙”和“吕布”两个结果
term是不分词(不拆分搜索字)查找目标字段中是否有要查找的文字,也就是完整查找“吕蒙”两个字,而name这个字段用的是text类型存储的,text类型数据默认是分词的,也就是elasticsearch会将name分词后(分成“吕”和“蒙”)再存储,这时候拿完整的搜索字“吕蒙”去存储的“吕”、“蒙”里找肯定是找不到的。
match是分词(拆分搜索字)查找目标字段,也就是说会先将要查找的搜索子“吕蒙”拆成“吕”和“蒙”,再分别去name里找“吕”,如果没有找到“吕”,还会去找“蒙”,而存储的数据里,text已经将“吕蒙”和“吕布”都分词成了“吕”,“蒙”,“吕”,“布”存储了,所以光通过一个“吕”字就能找到两条结果。
这里要区分搜索词的分词,以及字段存储的分词。拿A去B里匹配,A能分词,B也能分词。term不会将A分词,match会将A分词。
既然name的类型,存储的时候就是分词的,那能不能在存储的时候不分词了,可以用将text类型改成keyword类型
#删除所有文档
curl -XPOST "http://127.0.0.1:9200/student/_delete_by_query?pretty" -v -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
}
}'
#删除索引
curl -XDELETE "http://127.0.0.1:9200/student?pretty"
#重新创建索引,将name字段的类型改成keyword
curl -X PUT http://127.0.0.1:9200/student?pretty -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{
"settings": {
"number_of_shards": 1,
"number_of_replicas": 0
},
"mappings": {
"_source": {
"enabled": true
},
"properties": {
"id": {
"type": "integer"
},
"name": {
"type": "keyword"
},
"age": {
"type": "integer"
},
"class": {
"type": "text",
"analyzer": "ik_max_word"
},
"introduce": {
"type": "text",
"analyzer": "ik_max_word"
}
}
}
}'
#重新插入上面四条数据
#请复制上面的语句,执行
#下面这条查询将返回“吕蒙”同学
curl -XGET http://127.0.0.1:9200/student/_search?pretty -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{
"query": {
"term": {"name":"吕蒙"}
}
}'
#下面这条查询将返回0结果,因为存储时类型为keyword没有分词,所以存储的是“吕蒙”和“吕布”,这时候拿#“吕”去匹配,没有匹配的结果
curl -XGET http://127.0.0.1:9200/student/_search?pretty -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{
"query": {
"term": {"name":"吕"}
}
}'
#下面的结果将只会返回“吕蒙”同学,没有匹配的结果,因为存储时类型为keyword没有分词,所以存储的“吕
#蒙”和“吕布”,这时候拿“吕蒙”去匹配,虽然用的match,会将搜索词拆分成“吕蒙”,“吕”,“蒙”去搜索,但
#“吕”和“蒙”都不会匹配的到存储的“吕蒙”和“吕布”
curl -XGET http://127.0.0.1:9200/student/_search?pretty -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{
"query": {
"match": {"name":"吕蒙"}
}
}'