Java框架集成ES
1、SpringData Elasticsearch框架集成
1.1、SpringData 框架基本介绍
Spring Data是一个用于简化数据库、非关系型数据库、索引库访问,并支持云服务的开源框架。其主要目标是使得对数据的访问变得方便快捷,并支持 map-reduce框架和云计算数据服务。Spring Data可以极大的简化JPA(Elasticsearch…)的写法,可以在几乎不用写实现的情况下,实现对数据的访问和操作。除了CRUD 外,还包括如分页、排序等一些常用的功能。
Spring Data 的官网:https://spring.io/projects/spring-data
Spring Data 常用的功能模块如下:
1.2、Spring Data Elasticsearch 框架基本介绍
Spring Data Elasticsearch 基于 spring data API 简化 Elasticsearch 操作,将原始操作Elasticsearch 的客户端 API 进行封装 。Spring Data 为 Elasticsearch 项目提供集成搜索引擎。Spring Data Elasticsearch POJO 的关键功能区域为中心的模型与 Elastichsearch 交互文档和轻松地编写一个存储索引库数据访问层。官方网站: https://spring.io/projects/spring-data-elasticsearch
Spring Data Elasticsearch 版本对比:
1.3、搭建Spring Data Elasticsearch框架项目
首先创建一个简单的 java se Maven 项目,然后修改pom文件,增加依赖,如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target> </properties> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.3.6.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> </parent> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-elasticsearch</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
在 resources 目录中增加application.properties文件,内容如下:
# es 服务地址 elasticsearch.host=127.0.0.1 # es 服务端口 elasticsearch.port=9200 # 配置日志级别,开启 debug 日志 logging.level.com.atguigu.es=debug
Spring Boot 主程序:
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; @SpringBootApplication public class MainApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(MainApplication.class, args); } }
数据实体类:
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor; import lombok.Data; import lombok.NoArgsConstructor; import lombok.ToString; import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id; import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.annotations.Document; import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.annotations.Field; import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.annotations.FieldType; @Data @NoArgsConstructor @AllArgsConstructor @ToString @Document(indexName = "shopping", shards = 3, replicas = 1) public class Product { //必须有 id,这里的 id 是全局唯一的标识,等同于 es 中的"_id" @Id private Long id;//商品唯一标识 /** * type : 字段数据类型 * analyzer : 分词器类型 * index : 是否索引(默认:true) * Keyword : 短语,不进行分词 */ @Field(type = FieldType.Text, analyzer = "ik_max_word") private String title;//商品名称 @Field(type = FieldType.Keyword) private String category;//分类名称 @Field(type = FieldType.Double) private Double price;//商品价格 @Field(type = FieldType.Keyword, index = false) private String images;//图片地址 }
配置类
- ElasticsearchRestTemplate是spring-data-elasticsearch项目中的一个类,和其他spring项目中的 template 类似。
- 在新版的spring-data-elasticsearch 中,ElasticsearchRestTemplate 代替了原来的ElasticsearchTemplate。
- 原因是ElasticsearchTemplate基于TransportClient,TransportClient即将在8.x 以后的版本中移除。所以,我们推荐使用ElasticsearchRestTemplate。
- ElasticsearchRestTemplate基于RestHighLevelClient客户端的。需要自定义配置类,继承AbstractElasticsearchConfiguration,并实现elasticsearchClient()抽象方法,创建RestHighLevelClient对象。
AbstractElasticsearchConfiguration源码:
package org.example; import org.elasticsearch.client.RestHighLevelClient; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.config.ElasticsearchConfigurationSupport; import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.ElasticsearchOperations; import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.ElasticsearchRestTemplate; import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.convert.ElasticsearchConverter; public abstract class AbstractElasticsearchConfiguration extends ElasticsearchConfigurationSupport { //需重写本方法 public abstract RestHighLevelClient elasticsearchClient(); @Bean(name = { "elasticsearchOperations", "elasticsearchTemplate" }) public ElasticsearchOperations elasticsearchOperations(ElasticsearchConverter elasticsearchConverter) { return new ElasticsearchRestTemplate(elasticsearchClient(), elasticsearchConverter); } }
需要自定义配置类,继承AbstractElasticsearchConfiguration,并实现elasticsearchClient()抽象方法,创建RestHighLevelClient对象,如下:
import lombok.Data; import org.apache.http.HttpHost; import org.elasticsearch.client.RestClient; import org.elasticsearch.client.RestClientBuilder; import org.elasticsearch.client.RestHighLevelClient; import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.config.AbstractElasticsearchConfiguration; @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "elasticsearch") @Configuration @Data public class ElasticsearchConfig extends AbstractElasticsearchConfiguration{ private String host ; private Integer port ; //重写父类方法 @Override public RestHighLevelClient elasticsearchClient() { RestClientBuilder builder = RestClient.builder(new HttpHost(host, port)); RestHighLevelClient restHighLevelClient = new RestHighLevelClient(builder); return restHighLevelClient; } }
DAO 数据访问对象
import com.lun.model.Product; import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.repository.ElasticsearchRepository; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; @Repository public interface ProductDao extends ElasticsearchRepository<Product, Long>{ }
1.4、索引操作
import com.lun.model.Product; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.ElasticsearchRestTemplate; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest public class SpringDataESIndexTest { //注入 ElasticsearchRestTemplate @Autowired private ElasticsearchRestTemplate elasticsearchRestTemplate; //创建索引并增加映射配置 @Test public void createIndex(){ //创建索引,系统初始化会自动创建索引 System.out.println("创建索引"); } @Test public void deleteIndex(){ //创建索引,系统初始化会自动创建索引 boolean flg = elasticsearchRestTemplate.deleteIndex(Product.class); System.out.println("删除索引 = " + flg); } }
执行之后可以看到数据实体类 Product 中指定的索引会被自动创建或删除。
1.5、文档操作
import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.data.domain.Page; import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest; import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest public class SpringDataESProductDaoTest { @Autowired private ProductDao productDao; /** * 新增 */ @Test public void save(){ Product product = new Product(); product.setId(2L); product.setTitle("华为手机"); product.setCategory("手机"); product.setPrice(2999.0); product.setImages("http://www.atguigu/hw.jpg"); productDao.save(product); } //POSTMAN, GET http://localhost:9200/product/_doc/2 //修改 @Test public void update(){ Product product = new Product(); product.setId(2L); product.setTitle("小米 2 手机"); product.setCategory("手机"); product.setPrice(9999.0); product.setImages("http://www.atguigu/xm.jpg"); productDao.save(product); } //POSTMAN, GET http://localhost:9200/product/_doc/2 //根据 id 查询 @Test public void findById(){ Product product = productDao.findById(2L).get(); System.out.println(product); } @Test public void findAll(){ Iterable<Product> products = productDao.findAll(); for (Product product : products) { System.out.println(product); } } //删除 @Test public void delete(){ Product product = new Product(); product.setId(2L); productDao.delete(product); } //POSTMAN, GET http://localhost:9200/product/_doc/2 //批量新增 @Test public void saveAll(){ List<Product> productList = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { Product product = new Product(); product.setId(Long.valueOf(i)); product.setTitle("["+i+"]小米手机"); product.setCategory("手机"); product.setPrice(1999.0 + i); product.setImages("http://www.atguigu/xm.jpg"); productList.add(product); } productDao.saveAll(productList); } //分页查询 @Test public void findByPageable(){ //设置排序(排序方式,正序还是倒序,排序的 id) Sort sort = Sort.by(Sort.Direction.DESC,"id"); int currentPage=0;//当前页,第一页从 0 开始, 1 表示第二页 int pageSize = 5;//每页显示多少条 //设置查询分页 PageRequest pageRequest = PageRequest.of(currentPage, pageSize,sort); //分页查询 Page<Product> productPage = productDao.findAll(pageRequest); for (Product Product : productPage.getContent()) { System.out.println(Product); } } }
上面执行完后结果分别如下:
1)新增 2)修改 3)根据 id 查询文档
4)查询所有文档 5)批量新增
6)分页查询
1.6、文档搜索
import org.elasticsearch.index.query.MatchQueryBuilder; import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders; import org.elasticsearch.index.query.TermQueryBuilder; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest public class SpringDataESSearchTest { @Autowired private ProductDao productDao; /** * term 查询 * search(termQueryBuilder) 调用搜索方法,参数查询构建器对象 */ @Test public void termQuery(){ MatchQueryBuilder termQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.matchQuery("title", "华为手机"); Iterable<Product> products = productDao.search(termQueryBuilder); for (Product product : products) { System.out.println(product); } } /** * term 查询加分页 */ @Test public void termQueryByPage(){ int currentPage= 0 ; int pageSize = 5; //设置查询分页 PageRequest pageRequest = PageRequest.of(currentPage, pageSize); MatchQueryBuilder termQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.matchQuery("title", "华为手机"); Iterable<Product> products = productDao.search(termQueryBuilder,pageRequest); for (Product product : products) { System.out.println(product); } } }
上面执行完后结果分别如下:
- match查询:
- 分页查询: