236. Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Tree

Given a binary tree, find the lowest common ancestor (LCA) of two given nodes in the tree.

According to the definition of LCA on Wikipedia: “The lowest common ancestor is defined between two nodes p and q as the lowest node in T that has both p and q as descendants (where we allow a node to be a descendant of itself).”

Given the following binary tree:  root = [3,5,1,6,2,0,8,null,null,7,4]

 

Example 1:

Input: root = [3,5,1,6,2,0,8,null,null,7,4], p = 5, q = 1
Output: 3
Explanation: The LCA of nodes 5 and 1 is 3.

Example 2:

Input: root = [3,5,1,6,2,0,8,null,null,7,4], p = 5, q = 4
Output: 5
Explanation: The LCA of nodes 5 and 4 is 5, since a node can be a descendant of itself according to the LCA definition.

 

Note:

  • All of the nodes' values will be unique.
  • p and q are different and both values will exist in the binary tree.
  • class Solution {
        public TreeNode lowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode root, TreeNode p, TreeNode q) {
            if(root == null || root == p || root == q) return root;
            
            
            TreeNode left = lowestCommonAncestor(root.left, p, q);//尝试在左边找p和q
            TreeNode right = lowestCommonAncestor(root.right, p, q);//尝试在右边找q和q
            
            if(left != null && right != null) return root;//如果p、q在左右两侧,说明root是LCA
            
            return left != null ? left : right;
            //如果p和q都在右边(left == null)说明lca在右边,返回right
            //如果p和q都在左边(right == null)说明lca也在左边,返回left
        }
    }

    举例子[3,5,1,6,2,0,8,null,null,7,4]6,4,最后表层left = 5,right = null,所以返回5

  • 这道求二叉树的最小共同父节点的题是之前那道 Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Search Tree 的 Follow Up。跟之前那题不同的地方是,这道题是普通是二叉树,不是二叉搜索树,所以就不能利用其特有的性质,我们只能在二叉树中来搜索p和q,然后从路径中找到最后一个相同的节点即为父节点,可以用递归来实现,在递归函数中,首先看当前结点是否为空,若为空则直接返回空,若为p或q中的任意一个,也直接返回当前结点。否则的话就对其左右子结点分别调用递归函数,由于这道题限制了p和q一定都在二叉树中存在,那么如果当前结点不等于p或q,p和q要么分别位于左右子树中,要么同时位于左子树,或者同时位于右子树,那么我们分别来讨论:

    - 若p和q分别位于左右子树中,那么对左右子结点调用递归函数,会分别返回p和q结点的位置,而当前结点正好就是p和q的最小共同父结点,直接返回当前结点即可,这就是题目中的例子1的情况。

    - 若p和q同时位于左子树,这里有两种情况,一种情况是 left 会返回p和q中较高的那个位置,而 right 会返回空,所以最终返回非空的 left 即可,这就是题目中的例子2的情况。还有一种情况是会返回p和q的最小父结点,就是说当前结点的左子树中的某个结点才是p和q的最小父结点,会被返回。

    - 若p和q同时位于右子树,同样这里有两种情况,一种情况是 right 会返回p和q中较高的那个位置,而 left 会返回空,所以最终返回非空的 right 即可,还有一种情况是会返回p和q的最小父结点,就是说当前结点的右子树中的某个结点才是p和q的最小父结点,会被返回,写法很简洁

  • public class Solution {
        public TreeNode lowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode root, TreeNode p, TreeNode q) {
            Map<TreeNode, TreeNode> parent = new HashMap<>();
            Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<>();
            parent.put(root, null);
            stack.push(root);
    
            while (!parent.containsKey(p) || !parent.containsKey(q)) {
                TreeNode node = stack.pop();
                if (node.left != null) {
                    parent.put(node.left, node);
                    stack.push(node.left);
                }
                if (node.right != null) {
                    parent.put(node.right, node);
                    stack.push(node.right);
                }
            }
            Set<TreeNode> ancestors = new HashSet<>();
            while (p != null) {
                ancestors.add(p);
                p = parent.get(p);
            }
            while (!ancestors.contains(q))
                q = parent.get(q);
            return q;
        }
    }

    iterative way,本质是bfs遍历所有pq之前的node,然后用map把他们的parent记录下来,然后把p和q包括自己,把他们所有的ancestor放进set直到有重复的出现。

posted @ 2019-09-05 10:53  Schwifty  阅读(148)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报