Ansible-下部

ansible-playbook

playbook是由一个或多个模块组成的，使用多个不同的模块，完成一件事情。

ansible软件特点

可以实现批量管理
可以实现批量部署
ad-hoc(批量执行命令)---针对临时性的操作
　　ansible clsn -m command -a "hostname" <- 批量执行命令举例
编写剧本-脚本(playbook)---针对重复性的操作

ansible核心功能

pyYAML-----用于ansible编写剧本所使用的语言格式（saltstack---python）
rsync-ini语法 sersync-xml语法 ansible-pyYAML语法
paramiko---远程连接与数据传输
Jinja2-----用于编写ansible的模板信息

剧本编写规则说明

YAML三板斧

缩进

YAML使用一个固定的缩进风格表示层级结构,每个缩进由两个空格组成, 不能使用tabs

冒号

以冒号结尾的除外，其他所有冒号后面所有必须有空格。

短横线

表示列表项，使用一个短横杠加一个空格。
多个项使用同样的缩进级别作为同一列表。

剧本书写格式

- hosts: 172.16.1.7       处理指定服务器         (空格)hosts:(空格)172.16.1.7
task:                剧本所要干的事情;              (空格)(空格)task:
- name:            （两个空格）-（空格）name:
command: echo hello clsn linux   （四个空格）command:(空格)                   
剧本格式示例
[root@m01 ansible-playbook]# vim rsync.yaml
- hosts: 172.16.1.41
  tasks:
    - name: Install Rsync
      yum: name=rsync state=installed

剧本检查方法

ansible-playbook --syntax-check 01.yml 
     　　 --- 进行剧本配置信息语法检查
ansible-playbook -C 01.yml             
        --- 模拟剧本执行（彩排）

语法检查

ansible-playbook --syntax-check
[root@m01 ansible-playbook]# ansible-playbook --syntax-check 01.yml
playbook: 01.yml

模拟剧本执行

ansible-playbook -C
[root@m01 ansible-playbook]# ansible-playbook -C 01.yml
PLAY [all] ****************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] ****************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.41]
ok: [172.16.1.8]
此处省略………..
PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************
172.16.1.31                : ok=2    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0
172.16.1.41                : ok=2    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0
172.16.1.8                 : ok=2    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0

剧本示例

剧本编写内容扩展：剧本任务编写多个任务

- hosts: all
  tasks:
    - name: restart-network
      cron: name='restart network' minute=00 hour=00 job='/usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov >/dev/null 2>&1'
    - name: sync time
      cron: name='sync time' minute=*/5 job="/usr/sbin/ntpdate pool.ntp.com >/dev/null 2>&1"
剧本编写内容扩展：剧本任务编写多个主机
- hosts: 172.16.1.7
  tasks:
    - name: restart-network
      cron: name='restart network' minute=00 hour=00 job='/usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov >/dev/null 2>&1'
    - name: sync time
      cron: name='sync time' minute=*/5 job="/usr/sbin/ntpdate pool.ntp.com >/dev/null 2>&1"
- hosts: 172.16.1.31
  tasks:
    - name: show ip addr to file
      shell: echo $(hostname -i) >> /tmp/ip.txt

剧本编写方式

多主机单任务编写方式
多主机多任务编写方式
不同主机多任务编写方式

Ansible项目案例

环境规划

全网备份
实时备份

角色	外网IP(NAT)	内网IP(LAN)	部署软件
m01	eth0:10.0.0.61	eth1:172.16.1.61	ansible
backup	eth0:10.0.0.41	eth1:172.16.1.41	rsync
nfs	eth0:10.0.0.31	eth1:172.16.1.31	nfs、Sersync
web01	eth0:10.0.0.7	eth1:172.16.1.7	httpd

目录规划

[root@m01 ~]# mkdir /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/{file,conf,scripts} -p 
[root@m01 ~]# tree /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/
/etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/
├── conf
└── file
└── scripts

需提前准备好的文件

rsync配置文件

准备对应的配置文件存放至/etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/conf/

[root@m01 conf]# cat /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/conf/rsyncd.conf 
uid = www
gid = www
port = 873
fake super = yes
use chroot = no
max connections = 200
timeout = 600
ignore errors
read only = false
list = false
auth users = rsync_backup
secrets file = /etc/rsync.password
log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log
#####################################
[backup]
path = /backup

[data]
path = /data

nfs配置文件

准备nfs配置文件exports

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/conf/nfs_exports 
/data/ 172.16.1.0/24(rw,sync,all_squash,anonuid=666,anongid=666)

Sersync软件包

下载Sersync软件包

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# ll /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/file/
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 727290 Aug  1 12:04 sersync.tar.gz

sersync配置文件

准备sersync实时同步的配置文件

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/conf/confxml.xml.nfs 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<head version="2.5">
    <host hostip="localhost" port="8008"></host>
    <debug start="false"/>
    <fileSystem xfs="true"/>
    <filter start="false">
    <exclude expression="(.*)\.svn"></exclude>
    <exclude expression="(.*)\.gz"></exclude>
    <exclude expression="^info/*"></exclude>
    <exclude expression="^static/*"></exclude>
    </filter>
    <inotify>
    <delete start="true"/>
    <createFolder start="true"/>
    <createFile start="true"/>
    <closeWrite start="true"/>
    <moveFrom start="true"/>
    <moveTo start="true"/>
    <attrib start="false"/>
    <modify start="false"/>
    </inotify>
    <sersync>
    <localpath watch="/data">
        <remote ip="172.16.1.41" name="data"/>
    </localpath>
    <rsync>
        <commonParams params="-az"/>
        <auth start="true" users="rsync_backup" passwordfile="/etc/rsync.pass"/>
        <userDefinedPort start="false" port="874"/><!-- port=874 -->
        <timeout start="true" time="100"/><!-- timeout=100 -->
        <ssh start="false"/>
    </rsync>
    <failLog path="/tmp/rsync_fail_log.sh" timeToExecute="60"/><!--default every 60mins execute once-->
    <crontab start="false" schedule="600"><!--600mins-->
        <crontabfilter start="false">
        <exclude expression="*.php"></exclude>
        <exclude expression="info/*"></exclude>
        </crontabfilter>
    </crontab>
    <plugin start="false" name="command"/>
    </sersync>
    <plugin name="command">
    <param prefix="/bin/sh" suffix="" ignoreError="true"/>  <!--prefix /opt/tongbu/mmm.sh suffix-->
    <filter start="false">
        <include expression="(.*)\.php"/>
        <include expression="(.*)\.sh"/>
    </filter>
    </plugin>
    <plugin name="socket">
    <localpath watch="/opt/tongbu">
        <deshost ip="192.168.138.20" port="8009"/>
    </localpath>
    </plugin>
    <plugin name="refreshCDN">
    <localpath watch="/data0/htdocs/cms.xoyo.com/site/">
        <cdninfo domainname="ccms.chinacache.com" port="80" username="xxxx" passwd="xxxx"/>
        <sendurl base="http://pic.xoyo.com/cms"/>
        <regexurl regex="false" match="cms.xoyo.com/site([/a-zA-Z0-9]*).xoyo.com/images"/>
    </localpath>
    </plugin>
</head>

基础环境部署

基础环境：所有机器统一的配置
1.需要关闭firewalld以及selinux、epel仓库、ssh端口、优化基础配置
2.需要安装rsync和nfs-utils
3.准备www用户
4.需要准备/etc/rsync.pass密码文件
5.需要准备全网备份脚本
基础的playbook剧本

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat base.yaml 
- hosts: all
  tasks:

    - name: Install Epel Repos
      get_url: url=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo dest=/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo

    - name: Install Rsync Nfs-Utils
      yum: name=rsync,nfs-utils state=installed

    - name: Create Group WWW
      group: name=www gid=666

    - name: Create User WWW
      user: name=www uid=666 group=666 create_home=no shell=/sbin/nologin

    - name: Create Rsync_Client_Pass
      copy: content='1' dest=/etc/rsync.pass mode=600

    - name: Create Scripts Directory
      file: path=/server/scripts recurse=yes state=directory

    - name: Push File Scripts
      copy: src=./scripts/rsync_backup_md5.sh dest=/server/scripts/

    - name: Crontable Scripts
      cron: name="backup scripts" hour=01 minute=00 job="/bin/bash /server/scripts/rsync_backup_md5.sh &>/dev/null"

应用环境：Rsync

1.安装rsync
2.配置rsync（配置变更，一定要进行重载操作）
3.创建虚拟用户，权限调整
4.创建目录/data/ /backup
5.启动rsync
6.配置邮箱->邮箱的发件人->校验的脚本

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat rsync.yaml 
- hosts: backup
  tasks:
    - name: Installed Rsync Server
      yum: name=rsync,mailx state=installed

    - name: configure Rsync Server
      copy: src=./conf/rsyncd.conf dest=/etc/rsyncd.conf
      notify: Restart Rsync Server

    - name: Create Virt User
      copy: content='rsync_backup:1' dest=/etc/rsync.password mode=600

    - name: Create Data 
      file: path=/data state=directory recurse=yes owner=www group=www mode=755

    - name: Create Backup 
      file: path=/backup state=directory recurse=yes owner=www group=www mode=755

    - name: Start RsyncServer
      service: name=rsyncd state=started enabled=yes

    - name: Push Check Scripts
      copy: src=./scripts/rsync_check_backup.sh dest=/server/scripts/

    - name: Crond Check Scripts
      cron: name="check scripts" hour=05 minute=00 job="/bin/bash /server/scripts/rsync_check_backup.sh &>/dev/null"

应用环境：NFS

1.安装nfs-utils
2.配置nfs （当修改了配置，触发重载操作）
3.创建目录，授权
4.启动

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat nfs.yaml 
- hosts: nfs
  tasks:

    - name: Installed Nfs Server
      yum: name=nfs-utils state=installed

    - name: Configure Nfs Server
      copy: src=./conf/exports dest=/etc/exports
      notify: Restart Nfs Server

    - name: Create Share Data
      file: path=/data state=directory recurse=yes owner=www group=www mode=755

    - name: Start Nfs Server
      service: name=nfs-server state=started enabled=yes

  handlers:
    - name: Restart Nfs Server
      service: name=nfs-server state=restarted

应用环境：Sersync

1.下载sersync
2.解压，改名，配置
3.启动

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat sersync.yaml 
- hosts: nfs
  tasks:
    - name: Scp Sersync
      copy: src=./file/sersync2.5.4_64bit_binary_stable_final.tar.gz dest=/usr/local/sersync.tar.gz

    - name: Zip
      shell: cd /usr/local && tar xf sersync.tar.gz && mv GNU-Linux-x86 sersync
      args:
        creates: /usr/local/sersync    

    - name: configure Sersync
      copy: src=./conf/confxml.xml dest=/usr/local/sersync/

    - name: Start Sersync
      shell: /usr/local/sersync/sersync2 -dro /usr/local/sersync/confxml.xml

应用环境：WEB

挂载nfs共享的目录

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat web.yaml 
- hosts: web
  tasks:

    - name: Mount NFS Server Share Data
      mount: src=172.16.1.31:/data path=/data fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=mounted

包含include

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat mail.yaml 
- import_playbook: base.yaml
- import_playbook: rsync.yaml
- import_playbook: nfs.yaml
- import_playbook: sersync.yaml
- import_playbook: web.yaml

posted on 2019-12-19 13:16 合衬-nfsnobody.com 阅读(459) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报