mysql数据库字符集相关操作(修改表字段编码,使其支持emoji表情)
普通的UTF8编码是不支持emoji表情插入的,会报异常:
Caused by: java.sql.SQLException: Incorrect string value: '\xF0\x9F\x92\xB0\xE5\x9C...' for column 'name' at row 1
将表字段的编码单独改成utf8mb4,即可支持emoji表情的插入。
修改的sql语句为
mysql> alter table user modify column name varchar(255) character set utf8mb4;
下面整理了常用的编码相关命令:
查看数据库默认字符集
mysql> show variables like 'character%'; +--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.6\share\charsets\ | +--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
修改默认编码
mysql> set character_set_database=utf8;
默认编码含义:
character-set-server/default-character-set:服务器字符集,默认情况下所采用的。
character-set-client:客户端的字符集。客户端默认字符集。当客户端向服务器发送请求时,请求以该字符集进行编码
character-set-results:结果字符集。服务器向客户端返回结果或者信息时,结果以该字符集进行编码。
注:
1)创建数据库时,除非明确指定,这个数据库的字符集被缺省设定为character_set_server;
2)选定数据库时,character_set_database 被设定为这个数据库默认的字符集;
3)在数据库中创建表时,表默认的字符集被设定为 character_set_database;
4)当在表内新增列时,除非明确指定,否则此列缺省的字符集就是表默认的字符集
JDBC连接语句
URL=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/abs?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=字符集
以指定编码创建数据库
mysql> CREATE DATABASE ms_db CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
查看当前数据库编码
mysql> status; -------------- C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.6\bin\mysql.exe Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.6.35, for Win64 (x86_64) Connection id: 12 Current database: mysql Current user: root@localhost SSL: Not in use Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.6.35-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: localhost via TCP/IP Server characterset: utf8 Db characterset: utf8 Client characterset: utf8 Conn. characterset: utf8 TCP port: 3306 Uptime: 47 min 12 sec Threads: 11 Questions: 1811 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 112 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 101 Querie s per second avg: 0.639 --------------
修改指定数据库编码
mysql> alter database mydb character set utf-8;
查看表的编码(建表语句)
mysql> show create table user;
查看表结构(完整的列属性)
mysql> show full columns from User;