Azure 证书自动化管理解决方案

       节前不打烊,以此小文提前预祝大家鼠年大吉。最近和小伙伴们沟通发现,经常有系统出现证书过期的问题,究其原因主要是1. 证书后台自动 renew 了但是系统并没有及时更新 2. 因为没有邮件提醒所以忽略的证书过期。针对上述问题,目前在 Azure 平台内大部分的 PaaS 服务都已经内置了证书自动更新的能力,但对于 IaaS 服务,应为管理界面从操作系统开始都掌握在客户自己手上,所以操作系统内应用的证书更新需要客户自己来完成,那么 Azure 平台有什么好的方法可以帮助客户避免证书过期的问题。本文将介绍如何通过 Azure 平台的服务实现证书过期发现及自动更新。

证书过期预警:

        Azure 平台的 Key Vault 服务提供了证书托管服务,客户可以将自己的管理的证书上传至 Key Vault 服务,然后通过设置 Issuance Policy,通过在其中设置 Lifetime Action Type 来实现证书过期邮件提醒,可参阅:https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/key-vault/about-keys-secrets-and-certificates#key-vault-certificates

证书自动更新:

        Azure 平台的 Key Vault 服务支持对自签名或支持的集成证书提供方 (DigiCert, GlobalSign) 提供自动证书 Renew 服务,借助该功能可实现无干预的证书自动续签。但是类似虚拟机 IaaS 服务内的应用服务证书更新仍然需要用户自己来处理完成。这部分的自动化可以通过 Event Grid + Logic App 来实现。Azure Event Grid 服务原生集成支持 Key Vault 服务的事件消息,当有证书续签的时候会释放证书事件消息,Logic App 通过订阅监听改证书事件消息可以实现后续证书更细的自动化流程。本文帮助大家更快上手选择了 Logic App(基本上可以是零代码),喜欢代码解决问题的同学可以考虑使用 Function 服务。本文的例子中以更新虚拟机中 Nginx 服务其中的 SSL 证书为例,在 Logic App 中通过调用 Azure Resource Management -- Resource Update 模块来将续签好的证书上传至虚拟机,这里需要强调微软云的 VM 原生的模板中已经支持证书属性,该属性可以通过指定 Azure Key Vault 中存放的证书地址实现将证书上传至虚拟机中,这样就实现了 Azure Resource Template 来自动上传证书。上传证书后再调用 Azure Resource Management -- Resource Update 来调用 VM 的 customscript extension 扩展模块,通过执行脚本来实现将上传好的续签证书来自动更新 Nginx SSL 证书存放路径的过期证书。下面我们来看一下方案的架构图:

 

 

        上图中还引入了 Azure Table,主要是通过基础的 KV 服务实现多应用/多主机证书自动更新的支持,在 Azure Table 中存储 KeyVault 名称,证书名称和虚拟机的对应关系,这样当 Event Grid 中 Fire 事件后,可以通过在 Table 中查询到与该事件相关证书与什么虚拟机相关。

        Logic App 里面三个模块的具体实现这里不再做详细的赘述,基本实现逻辑在上面已经介绍,大家可以参照下面的实例模板代码进行导入修改。其中资源组名称,作为初始变量,大家可以根据自己的实际环境进行调整。


{
    "definition": {
        "$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/providers/Microsoft.Logic/schemas/2016-06-01/workflowdefinition.json#",
        "actions": {
            "Compose_cert_template": {
                "inputs": {
                    "osProfile": {
                        "secrets": [
                            {
                                "sourceVault": {
                                    "id": "@concat('/subscriptions/c04b3c63-8dfe-4f98-be18-e71ff67a1f4e/resourceGroups/',variables('resourcegroupname'),'/providers/Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/',body('Parse_JSON')?['VaultName'])"
                                },
                                "vaultCertificates": [
                                    {
                                        "certificateUrl": "@concat('https://',body('Parse_JSON')?['VaultName'],'.vault.azure.net/secrets/',body('Parse_JSON')?['ObjectName'],'/',body('Parse_JSON')?['Version'])"
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                },
                "runAfter": {
                    "Initialize_vmname_variable": [
                        "Succeeded"
                    ]
                },
                "type": "Compose"
            },
            "Delay": {
                "inputs": {
                    "interval": {
                        "count": 30,
                        "unit": "Second"
                    }
                },
                "runAfter": {
                    "Update_Application_certificate": [
                        "Succeeded"
                    ]
                },
                "type": "Wait"
            },
            "Get_entity": {
                "inputs": {
                    "host": {
                        "connection": {
                            "name": "@parameters('$connections')['azuretables']['connectionId']"
                        }
                    },
                    "method": "get",
                    "path": "/Tables/@{encodeURIComponent('vmcertmapping')}/entities(PartitionKey='@{encodeURIComponent(body('Parse_JSON')?['VaultName'])}',RowKey='@{encodeURIComponent(body('Parse_JSON')?['ObjectName'])}')"
                },
                "runAfter": {
                    "Parse_JSON": [
                        "Succeeded"
                    ]
                },
                "type": "ApiConnection"
            },
            "Initialize_resourcegroup_variable": {
                "inputs": {
                    "variables": [
                        {
                            "name": "resourcegroupname",
                            "type": "string",
                            "value": "akvdemo"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                "runAfter": {},
                "type": "InitializeVariable"
            },
            "Initialize_vmname_variable": {
                "inputs": {
                    "variables": [
                        {
                            "name": "vmname",
                            "type": "string",
                            "value": "@{body('Get_entity')?['vmname']}"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                "runAfter": {
                    "Get_entity": [
                        "Succeeded"
                    ]
                },
                "type": "InitializeVariable"
            },
            "Parse_JSON": {
                "inputs": {
                    "content": "@triggerBody()?['data']",
                    "schema": {
                        "properties": {
                            "EXP": {
                                "type": "integer"
                            },
                            "Id": {
                                "type": "string"
                            },
                            "NBF": {
                                "type": "integer"
                            },
                            "ObjectName": {
                                "type": "string"
                            },
                            "ObjectType": {
                                "type": "string"
                            },
                            "VaultName": {
                                "type": "string"
                            },
                            "Version": {
                                "type": "string"
                            }
                        },
                        "type": "object"
                    }
                },
                "runAfter": {
                    "Initialize_resourcegroup_variable": [
                        "Succeeded"
                    ]
                },
                "type": "ParseJson"
            },
            "Refresh_Customextension": {
                "inputs": {
                    "body": {
                        "location": "eastus",
                        "properties": {
                            "autoUpgradeMinorVersion": true,
                            "publisher": "Microsoft.Azure.Extensions",
                            "settings": {
                                "commandToExecute": "date && pwd && rm /var/lib/waagent/*.prv && rm /var/lib/waagent/*.crt",
                                "fileUris": []
                            },
                            "type": "CustomScript",
                            "typeHandlerVersion": "2.0"
                        }
                    },
                    "host": {
                        "connection": {
                            "name": "@parameters('$connections')['arm']['connectionId']"
                        }
                    },
                    "method": "put",
                    "path": "/subscriptions/@{encodeURIComponent('c04b3c63-8dfe-4f98-be18-e71ff67a1f4e')}/resourcegroups/@{encodeURIComponent(variables('resourcegroupname'))}/providers/@{encodeURIComponent('Microsoft.Compute')}/@{encodeURIComponent(concat('virtualMachines/',variables('vmname'),'/extensions/customScript'))}",
                    "queries": {
                        "x-ms-api-version": "2019-03-01"
                    }
                },
                "runAfter": {
                    "Delay": [
                        "Succeeded"
                    ]
                },
                "type": "ApiConnection"
            },
            "Update_Application_certificate": {
                "inputs": {
                    "body": {
                        "location": "eastus",
                        "properties": {
                            "autoUpgradeMinorVersion": true,
                            "publisher": "Microsoft.Azure.Extensions",
                            "settings": {
                                "commandToExecute": "sh config-cert.sh",
                                "fileUris": [
                                    "https://akvdemoscript.blob.core.windows.net/customscript/config-cert.sh"
                                ]
                            },
                            "type": "CustomScript",
                            "typeHandlerVersion": "2.0"
                        }
                    },
                    "host": {
                        "connection": {
                            "name": "@parameters('$connections')['arm']['connectionId']"
                        }
                    },
                    "method": "put",
                    "path": "/subscriptions/@{encodeURIComponent('c04b3c63-8dfe-4f98-be18-e71ff67a1f4e')}/resourcegroups/@{encodeURIComponent(variables('resourcegroupname'))}/providers/@{encodeURIComponent('Microsoft.Compute')}/@{encodeURIComponent(concat('virtualMachines/',variables('vmname'),'/extensions/customScript'))}",
                    "queries": {
                        "x-ms-api-version": "2019-03-01"
                    }
                },
                "runAfter": {
                    "Update_VM_certificate": [
                        "Succeeded"
                    ]
                },
                "type": "ApiConnection"
            },
            "Update_VM_certificate": {
                "inputs": {
                    "body": {
                        "location": "eastus",
                        "properties": "@outputs('Compose_cert_template')"
                    },
                    "host": {
                        "connection": {
                            "name": "@parameters('$connections')['arm']['connectionId']"
                        }
                    },
                    "method": "put",
                    "path": "/subscriptions/@{encodeURIComponent('c04b3c63-8dfe-4f98-be18-e71ff67a1f4e')}/resourcegroups/@{encodeURIComponent(variables('resourcegroupname'))}/providers/@{encodeURIComponent('Microsoft.Compute')}/@{encodeURIComponent(concat('virtualMachines/',variables('vmname')))}",
                    "queries": {
                        "x-ms-api-version": "2019-03-01"
                    }
                },
                "runAfter": {
                    "Compose_cert_template": [
                        "Succeeded"
                    ]
                },
                "type": "ApiConnection"
            }
        },
        "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
        "outputs": {},
        "parameters": {
            "$connections": {
                "defaultValue": {},
                "type": "Object"
            }
        },
        "triggers": {
            "When_a_resource_event_occurs": {
                "inputs": {
                    "body": {
                        "properties": {
                            "destination": {
                                "endpointType": "webhook",
                                "properties": {
                                    "endpointUrl": "@{listCallbackUrl()}"
                                }
                            },
                            "filter": {
                                "includedEventTypes": [
                                    "Microsoft.KeyVault.CertificateNewVersionCreated"
                                ]
                            },
                            "topic": "/subscriptions/c04b3c63-8dfe-4f98-be18-e71ff67a1f4e/resourceGroups/akvdemo/providers/Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/akvdemorepo"
                        }
                    },
                    "host": {
                        "connection": {
                            "name": "@parameters('$connections')['azureeventgrid']['connectionId']"
                        }
                    },
                    "path": "/subscriptions/@{encodeURIComponent('c04b3c63-8dfe-4f98-be18-e71ff67a1f4e')}/providers/@{encodeURIComponent('Microsoft.KeyVault.vaults')}/resource/eventSubscriptions",
                    "queries": {
                        "x-ms-api-version": "2017-09-15-preview"
                    }
                },
                "splitOn": "@triggerBody()",
                "type": "ApiConnectionWebhook"
            }
        }
    },
    "parameters": {
        "$connections": {
            "value": {
                "arm": {
                    "connectionId": "/subscriptions/c04b3c63-8dfe-4f98-be18-e71ff67a1f4e/resourceGroups/akvdemo/providers/Microsoft.Web/connections/arm",
                    "connectionName": "arm",
                    "id": "/subscriptions/c04b3c63-8dfe-4f98-be18-e71ff67a1f4e/providers/Microsoft.Web/locations/eastus/managedApis/arm"
                },
                "azureeventgrid": {
                    "connectionId": "/subscriptions/c04b3c63-8dfe-4f98-be18-e71ff67a1f4e/resourceGroups/akvdemo/providers/Microsoft.Web/connections/azureeventgrid",
                    "connectionName": "azureeventgrid",
                    "id": "/subscriptions/c04b3c63-8dfe-4f98-be18-e71ff67a1f4e/providers/Microsoft.Web/locations/eastus/managedApis/azureeventgrid"
                },
                "azuretables": {
                    "connectionId": "/subscriptions/c04b3c63-8dfe-4f98-be18-e71ff67a1f4e/resourceGroups/akvdemo/providers/Microsoft.Web/connections/azuretables",
                    "connectionName": "azuretables",
                    "id": "/subscriptions/c04b3c63-8dfe-4f98-be18-e71ff67a1f4e/providers/Microsoft.Web/locations/eastus/managedApis/azuretables"
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
 

        Azure VM 对于 Azure Key Vault 的证书原生支持,通过在 VM 描述 Template 描述属性中直接引用 Key Vault 证书路径,即可实现虚拟机对证书的上传导入, Azure Resource VM Template 示例可以参阅如下示例。

{
  "osProfile": {
    "secrets": [
      {
        "sourceVault": {
          "id": "@{keyvaultid}"
        },
        "vaultCertificates": "@{certificate secret id}"
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

 

        在 Logic App 中执行的 Custom Script Extension, 是通过执行已经预先上载在 Blob 服务中的脚本文件来实现应用证书更新的,这部分代码逻辑是按照 Nginx SSL 证书示例来做的,大家可以按照实际自己的应用证书路径进行修改。

#!/bin/bash

secretsname=$(find /var/lib/waagent/ -name "*.prv" | cut -c -57)
cp $secretsname.crt /etc/nginx/ssl/demo.cert
cp $secretsname.prv /etc/nginx/ssl/demo.prv
rm -f $secretsname.crt
rm -f $secretsname.prv
sudo service nginx restart
echo $secretsname

         Azure Table 中的 Schema 非常简单,只包含一个 vmname 属性,如果大家有更复杂的 Mapping 逻辑可以按照自己的要求定义自己的 Schema。下面供大家参考。其中 PartitionKey 采用 KeyVault Name,RowKey 采用证书名称,该场景 entity 数量和访问频次都不会很多,所以这种 Partition 方式已经可以满足要求。

 

         好了就写到这里啦,小伙伴们鼠年再见!

posted @ 2020-01-20 18:00  wekang  阅读(953)  评论(3编辑  收藏  举报