第十三课 python+requests(13.1)

一、介绍request库
（1）requests是用python语言编写的简单易用的http库，用来做接口测试的库；

（2）接口测试自动化库有哪些？
requests、urllib 、urllib2、urllib3、 httplib 等（最受欢迎的是requests）

（3）安装request库
方式一：
dos下pip：
安装命令：pip install requests
查看命令：pip list
方法二：pycharm 中 setting下载

（4）组建一个接口需要参数？
a、请求方式
b、url
c、请求头
d、请求参数

二、requests中的运行
1、导入requests 模块

2、运行的三种方法：
（1）第一种方法：
requests.post(url=url,data=data,json=heardes)

a、讲解post接口

ctrl+点击post方法查看使用方法
案例：

（1）import requests
url=“http://cms.duoceshi.cn/cms/manage/loginJump.do”
h={“Content-Type”:“application/x-www-form-urlencoded”}
data={‘userAccount’:‘admin’,‘loginPwd’:‘123456’}
jk=requests.post(url=url,data=data,json=h)
print(jk.text) #响应体内容
print(jk.json())#json格式内容
print(jk.cookies) # 打印接口的cookies值
print(jk.status_code) # 接口的响应状态码
print(jk.request) #打印接口的post请求
print(jk.url) #打印接口的url

b、get 接口

ctrl+鼠标点击get查看方法

get接口

import requests
url=“http://cms.duoceshi.cn/cms/manage/loginJump.do?userAccount=admin&loginPwd=123456”
h={“Content-Type”:“application/x-www-form-urlencoded”}
jk=requests.get(url=url,json=h)
print(jk.text) #响应体内容
print(jk.json())#json格式内容
print(jk.cookies) # 打印接口的cookies值
print(jk.status_code) # 接口的响应状态码
print(jk.request) #打印接口的post请求
print(jk.url) #打印接口的url

get的parms的写法：

import  requests
url="http://cms.duoceshi.cn/manage/loginJump.do"
data={'userAccount':'admin','loginPwd':'123456'}
h = {'Content-Type': "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
r=requests.get(url=url,params=data,json=h)
print(r.text) #{"code":"200","msg":"登录成功！","model":{}}
print(r.json()) #{'code': '200', 'msg': '登录成功！', 'model': {}}
print(r.cookies) #<RequestsCookieJar[<Cookie JSESSIONID=B5F856D5B4013D37ACF9ADAA04BA3018 for cms.duoceshi.cn/>]>
print(r.status_code) #200
print(r.url) #http://cms.duoceshi.cn/manage/loginJump.do
print(r.request) #<PreparedRequest [POST]>

（2）第二种方法
post请求方法：requests.request(“post”,url=url,data=data,json=h)
get请求方法：requests.request(“get”,url=url,params=h)

post请求方法
requests.request(“post”,url=url,data=data,json=h)
案例：

import requests
url=“http://cms.duoceshi.cn/cms/manage/loginJump.do”
h={“Content-Type”:“application/x-www-form-urlencoded”}
data={‘userAccount’:‘admin’,‘loginPwd’:‘123456’}
jk=requests.request(“post”,url=url,data=data,json=h)
print(jk.text) #响应体内容
print(jk.json())#json格式内容
print(jk.cookies) # 打印接口的cookies值
print(jk.status_code) # 接口的响应状态码
print(jk.request) #打印接口的post请求
print(jk.url) #打印接口的url

get 请求方法

import requests
url=“http://cms.duoceshi.cn/cms/manage/loginJump.do?userAccount=admin&loginPwd=123456”
h={“Content-Type”:“application/x-www-form-urlencoded”}
jk=requests.request(“get”,url=url,params=h)
print(jk.text) #响应体内容
print(jk.json())#json格式内容
print(jk.cookies) # 打印接口的cookies值
print(jk.status_code) # 接口的响应状态码
print(jk.request) #打印接口的post请求
print(jk.url) #打印接口的url

（3）第三种方法
格式：requests.Session()

#登录接口
import requests
s=requests.Session() #使用session保持上下文管理，可以保持会话的状态
url=“http://cms.duoceshi.cn/cms/manage/loginJump.do?userAccount=admin&loginPwd=123456”
h={“Content-Type”:“application/x-www-form-urlencoded”}
jk=s.get(url=url,params=h)
print(jk.text) #响应体内容

#查询栏目接口
url2=“http://cms.duoceshi.cn/cms/manage/findCategoryByPage.do”
h={“Content-Type”:“application/x-www-form-urlencoded”}
data2={“parentId”:“”,‘categoryName’:“”,“page”:“1”}
jk2=s.post(url=url2,data=data2,json=h)
print(jk2.text)

#封装在一个类中：
import requests
s=requests.Session()
class cms(object):
def init(self):
pass
def dl(self):# 登录接口
url = “http://cms.duoceshi.cn/cms/manage/loginJump.do?userAccount=admin&loginPwd=123456”
h={“Content-Type”:“application/x-www-form-urlencoded”}
jk=s.get(url=url,params=h)
print(jk.text)
def lmcx(self):
url2 = “http://cms.duoceshi.cn/cms/manage/findCategoryByPage.do”
h={“Content-Type”:“application/x-www-form-urlencoded”}
data2={“parentId”:“”,‘categoryName’:“”,“page”:“1”}
jk2=s.post(url=url2,data=data2,json=h)
print(jk2.text)
if name == ‘main’:
dx=cms()
dx.dl()
dx.lmcx()

python+reques断言
（1）assert 断言
（2）if语句断言
备注：需要将内容转换成json格式或text文档格式，在进行断言

if断言的案例：
import  requests
s=requests.Session()
class  Api(object):
    def  __init__(self):
        pass
    def dl(self):
        url="http://cms.duoceshi.cn/manage/loginJump.do"
        data={'userAccount':'admin','loginPwd':'123456'}
        h = {'Content-Type': "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
        r=s.request("get",url=url,params=data,json=h)
        js=r.json()#先转换成json
        # print(js)
        if  js["msg"]=="登录成功！":
            print("ok")
        else:
            print("no")
 
    def cxyh(self):
        url2="http://cms.duoceshi.cn/manage/queryUserList.do"
        data2={'startCreateDate':"","endCreateDate":"","searchValue":
        "","page":"1"}
        h2 = {'Content-Type': "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
        r2=s.request("post",url=url2,data=data2,json=h2)
        print(r2.text)
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    dx=Api()
    dx.dl()
    # dx.cxyh()

assert断言
import  requests
s=requests.Session()
class  Api(object):
    def  __init__(self):
        pass
    def dl(self):
        url="http://cms.duoceshi.cn/manage/loginJump.do"
        data={'userAccount':'admin','loginPwd':'123456'}
        h = {'Content-Type': "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
        r=s.request("get",url=url,params=data,json=h)
        js=r.json()#先转换成json
        # print(js)
        assert js["msg"]=="登录成功！"
        print(js)
 
 
    def cxyh(self):
        url2="http://cms.duoceshi.cn/manage/queryUserList.do"
        data2={'startCreateDate':"","endCreateDate":"","searchValue":
        "","page":"1"}
        h2 = {'Content-Type': "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
        r2=s.request("post",url=url2,data=data2,json=h2)
        print(r2.text)
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    dx=Api()
    dx.dl()
    # dx.cxyh()

依赖接口：
（1）通过requests.Session() 方法
（2）提取cookie ，在下一个接口的请求头调用cookie调用 （每一个接口都要被调用编写一次）
.#提取cookie的方法做依赖接口

import requests
class Api(object):
    def __init__(self):
        pass
    def dl(self):
        url = "http://192.168.163.128:8080/cms/manage/loginJump.do"#登陆
        data = {'userAccount': 'admin', 'loginPwd': '123456'}
        h = {'Content-Type': "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8"}
        r = requests.request("get", url=url, params=data, json=h)
        c = str(r.cookies)  # 提前cookie值
        self.cook = c.split(" ")[1]  # 对cookie值进行分割，取cook的值
        print(self.cook)  # JSESSIONID=D18ED7574E8EB9BB0C6F38EF5F6ECA80
    def cxyh(self):
        url2 = "http://192.168.163.128:8080/cms/manage/queryUserList.do"
        data2 = {'startCreateDate': "", "endCreateDate": "", "searchValue":"", "page": "1"}
        # 下一个接口的请求头加上cookie值，保持会话
        h2 = {'Content-Type': "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", 'Cookie': self.cook}
        r2 = requests.request("post", url=url2, data=data2, headers=h2)
        # print(r2.headers)
        print(r2.text)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    dx = Api()
    dx.dl()
    dx.cxyh()

课：
import requests
class jk1(object):
    def  __init__(self):
      pass
    def  dl(self):
        url=r"http://192.168.163.128:8080/cms/manage/loginJump.do"
        data={'userAccount':'admin','loginPwd':'123456'}
        headers={"Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8"}
        dx=requests.request(method="post",url=url,data=data,headers=headers)
        print(dx.text) #{"code":"200","msg":"登录成功！","model":{}}
        c=str(dx.cookies)
        self.s=c.split(" ")[1]
        # return s
    def  yh(self):
        url2="http://192.168.163.128:8080/cms/manage/queryUserList.do"
        data2={"startCreateDate":"","endCreateDate":"","searchValue":"","page":1}
        headers2={"Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8","Cookie":self.s}
        dx2=requests.request(method="post",url=url2,data=data2,headers=headers2)
        print(dx2.text)#{"code": "200", "msg": "查询用户成功！", "model": {"totalRow": 2,…}}
if __name__ == '__main__':
    dx=jk1()
    dx.dl()
    dx.yh()

==================================================
关联接口

（1）身份接口和城市接口：

写死的场景：

class gl(object):
    def __init__(self):
        pass
    def   sf(self):
        url="http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx/getSupportProvince"
        h = {'Content-Type': "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
        r=requests.get(url=url,headers=h)
        print(r.text)
    def   cs(self):
        url2="http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx/getSupportCity"
        data2={"byProvinceName":"浙江"}
        h2 = {'Content-Type': "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
        r=requests.post(url=url2,data=data2,headers=h2)
        print(r.text)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    dx=gl()
    dx.sf()
    dx.cs()

另一种：
import  requests
s=requests.session()
class dm(object):
    def __init__(self):
        pass
    def sf(self):
        url1=r"http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx/getSupportProvince"
        headers1={"Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
        j=s.request(method="get",url=url1,headers=headers1)
        print(j.text)
    def cs(self):
        url2=r"http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx/getSupportCity"
        data2= {'byProvinceName':'浙江'}
        headers2 = {"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
        j1=s.request(method="post",url=url2,data=data2,headers=headers2)
        print(j1.text)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    dx=dm()
    dx.sf()
    dx.cs()

re正则提取，导入re模块

import  requests
import  re
class gl(object):
    def __init__(self):
        pass
    def   sf(self):
        url="http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx/getSupportProvince"
        h = {'Content-Type': "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
        r=requests.get(url=url,headers=h)
        print(r.text)
        tq=re.findall('<string>(.+?)</string>',r.text)
        print(tq)
        return  tq
    def   cs(self):
        s=self.sf()
        url2="http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx/getSupportCity"
        data2={"byProvinceName":s[2]}
        h2 = {'Content-Type': "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
        r=requests.post(url=url2,data=data2,headers=h2)
        print(r.text)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    dx=gl()
    dx.sf()
    dx.cs()

另一种1：
import  requests
import re
s=requests.session()
class dm(object):
    def __init__(self):
        pass
    def sf(self):
        url1=r"http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx/getSupportProvince"
        headers1={"Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
        j=s.request(method="get",url=url1,headers=headers1)

        wb=re.findall("<string>(.+?)</string>",j.text)
        return wb

    def cs(self):
        url2=r"http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx/getSupportCity"
        data2= {'byProvinceName':self.sf()[5]}
        headers2 = {"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
        j1=s.request(method="post",url=url2,data=data2,headers=headers2)
        print(j1.text)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    dx=dm()
    dx.sf()
    dx.cs()

另一种2：
import  requests
import re
s=requests.session()
class dm(object):
    def __init__(self):
        pass
    def sf(self):
        url1=r"http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx/getSupportProvince"
        headers1={"Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
        j=s.request(method="get",url=url1,headers=headers1)

        self.wb=re.findall("<string>(.+?)</string>",j.text)

    def cs(self):
        url2=r"http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx/getSupportCity"
        data2= {'byProvinceName':self.wb[4]}
        headers2 = {"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
        j1=s.request(method="post",url=url2,data=data2,headers=headers2)
        print(j1.text)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    dx=dm()
    dx.sf()
    dx.cs()