trie树(前缀树)详解——PHP代码实现

trie树常用于搜索提示。如当输入一个网址,可以自动搜索出可能的选择。当没有完全匹配的搜索结果,可以返回前缀最相似的可能。

一、Tire树的基本性质

  • 根节点不包含字符,除根节点外每一个节点都只包含一个字符。
  • 从根节点到某一节点,路径上经过的字符连接起来,为该节点对应的字符串。
  • 每个节点的所有子节点包含的字符都不相同。

Trie 树的本质,就是利用字符串之间的公共前缀,将重复的前缀合并在一起,比如我们有[b,abc,abd,bcd,abcd,efg,hii ]这个字符串集合,可以将其构建成下面这棵 Trie 树:

每个节点表示一个字符串中的字符,从根节点到红色节点的一条路径表示一个字符串(红色节点表示是某个单词的结束字符,但不一定都是叶子节点)。这样,我们就可以通过遍历这棵树来检索是否存在待匹配的字符串了

二、如何实现Tire树

Tire主要包含两个操作,一个是将字符串集合构造成 Trie 树。这个过程分解开来的话,就是一个将字符串插入到 Trie 树的过程。另一个是在 Trie 树中查询一个字符串。

Trie 树是个多叉树,在这里用数组来存储一个节点的所有子结点。

Trie树节点类,PHP代码实现:

 1 <?php
 2 /**
 3  * TrieNode.php
 4  * Created on 2019/4/29 14:53
 5  * Created by Wilin
 6  */
 7 
 8 class TrieNode
 9 {
10     public $data;
11     public $children = [];
12     public $isEndingChar = false;
13 
14     public function __construct($data)
15     {
16         $this->data = $data;
17     }
18 }

 

Trie树,PHP代码实现:

 1 <?php
 2 /**
 3  * Tire.php
 4  * Created on 2019/4/29 14:57
 5  * Created by Wilin
 6  */
 7 
 8 include "TrieNode.php";
 9 
10 class Tire {
11     private $root;
12 
13     public function __construct() {
14         $this->root = new TrieNode('/'); //根节点
15     }
16 
17     public function getRoot() {
18         return $this->root;
19     }
20 
21     public function insert($text) {
22         $p = $this->root;
23         for ($i = 0; $i < mb_strlen($text); $i++) {
24             $index = $data = $text[$i];
25 
26             if (empty($p->children[$index])) {
27                 $newNode = new TrieNode($data);
28                 $p->children[$index] = $newNode;
29             }
30             $p = $p->children[$index];
31         }
32         $p->isEndingChar = true;
33     }
34 
35     public function find($pattern) {
36         $p = $this->root;
37         for ($i = 0; $i < mb_strlen($pattern); $i++) {
38             $index = $data = $pattern[$i];
39 
40             if (empty($p->children[$index])) {
41                 return false;
42             }
43             $p = $p->children[$index];
44         }
45         if ($p->isEndingChar == false) {
46             return false;
47         }
48         return true;
49     }
50 }
51 
52 $trie = new Tire();
53 $strings = ['b','abc','abd','bcd','abcd','efg','hii'];
54 foreach ($strings as $str) {
55     $trie->insert($str);
56 }
57 if ($trie->find('bcd')) {
58     print "包含这个字符串\n";
59 } else {
60     print "不包含这个字符串\n";
61 }
62 print_r($trie->getRoot());

 

打印结果如下:

E:\www\tree\3>php Tire.php
包含这个字符串
TrieNode Object
(
    [data] => /
    [children] => Array
        (
            [b] => TrieNode Object
                (
                    [data] => b
                    [children] => Array
                        (
                            [c] => TrieNode Object
                                (
                                    [data] => c
                                    [children] => Array
                                        (
                                            [d] => TrieNode Object
                                                (
                                                    [data] => d
                                                    [children] => Array
                                                        (
                                                        )

                                                    [isEndingChar] => 1
                                                )

                                        )

                                    [isEndingChar] =>
                                )

                        )

                    [isEndingChar] => 1
                )

            [a] => TrieNode Object
                (
                    [data] => a
                    [children] => Array
                        (
                            [b] => TrieNode Object
                                (
                                    [data] => b
                                    [children] => Array
                                        (
                                            [c] => TrieNode Object
                                                (
                                                    [data] => c
                                                    [children] => Array
                                                        (
                                                            [d] => TrieNode Object
                                                                (
                                                                    [data] => d
                                                                    [children] => Array
                                                                        (
                                                                        )

                                                                    [isEndingChar] => 1
                                                                )

                                                        )

                                                    [isEndingChar] => 1
                                                )

                                            [d] => TrieNode Object
                                                (
                                                    [data] => d
                                                    [children] => Array
                                                        (
                                                        )

                                                    [isEndingChar] => 1
                                                )

                                        )

                                    [isEndingChar] =>
                                )

                        )

                    [isEndingChar] =>
                )

            [e] => TrieNode Object
                (
                    [data] => e
                    [children] => Array
                        (
                            [f] => TrieNode Object
                                (
                                    [data] => f
                                    [children] => Array
                                        (
                                            [g] => TrieNode Object
                                                (
                                                    [data] => g
                                                    [children] => Array
                                                        (
                                                        )

                                                    [isEndingChar] => 1
                                                )

                                        )

                                    [isEndingChar] =>
                                )

                        )

                    [isEndingChar] =>
                )

            [h] => TrieNode Object
                (
                    [data] => h
                    [children] => Array
                        (
                            [i] => TrieNode Object
                                (
                                    [data] => i
                                    [children] => Array
                                        (
                                            [i] => TrieNode Object
                                                (
                                                    [data] => i
                                                    [children] => Array
                                                        (
                                                        )

                                                    [isEndingChar] => 1
                                                )

                                        )

                                    [isEndingChar] =>
                                )

                        )

                    [isEndingChar] =>
                )

        )

    [isEndingChar] =>
)

 

参考资料:https://www.cnblogs.com/luosongchao/p/3239521.htmlhttps://articles.zsxq.com/id_qa0npqvszcmx.html

posted @ 2019-05-06 10:34  魏亚林  阅读(1551)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报