原型模式
一、原型模式介绍
1、定义与类型
定义:指原型实例指定创建对象的种类,并且通过拷贝这些原型创建新的对象
不需要知道任何创建的细节,不调用构造函数
类型:创建型
2、适用场景
类初始化消耗较多资源
new产生的一个对象需要非常繁琐的过程(数据准备、访问权限等)
构造函数比较复杂
循环体中生产大量对象时
3、优点
原型模式性能比直接new一个对象性能高
简化创建过程
4、缺点
必须配备克隆方法
对克隆复杂对象或对克隆出的对象进行复杂改造时,容易引入风险
深拷贝、浅拷贝要运用得当
5、原型扩展
深克隆
浅克隆
二、代码示例
原型类:
public class Mail implements Cloneable{
private String name;
private String emailAddress;
private String content;
public Mail(){
System.out.println("Mail Class Constructor");
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getEmailAddress() {
return emailAddress;
}
public void setEmailAddress(String emailAddress) {
this.emailAddress = emailAddress;
}
public String getContent() {
return content;
}
public void setContent(String content) {
this.content = content;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Mail{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", emailAddress='" + emailAddress + '\'' +
", content='" + content + '\'' +
'}'+super.toString();
}
@Override
protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
System.out.println("clone mail object");
return super.clone();
}
}
工具类:
public class MailUtil {
public static void sendMail(Mail mail){
String outputContent = "向{0}同学,邮件地址:{1},邮件内容:{2}发送邮件成功";
System.out.println(MessageFormat.format(outputContent,mail.getName(),mail.getEmailAddress(),mail.getContent()));
}
public static void saveOriginMailRecord(Mail mail){
System.out.println("存储originMail记录,originMail:"+mail.getContent());
}
}
测试类:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
Mail mail = new Mail();
mail.setContent("初始化模板");
System.out.println("初始化mail:"+mail);
for(int i = 0;i < 10;i++){
Mail mailTemp = (Mail) mail.clone();
mailTemp.setName("姓名"+i);
mailTemp.setEmailAddress("姓名"+i+"@imooc.com");
mailTemp.setContent("恭喜您,此次慕课网活动中奖了");
MailUtil.sendMail(mailTemp);
System.out.println("克隆的mailTemp:"+mailTemp);
}
MailUtil.saveOriginMailRecord(mail);
}
}
补充:深克隆
原型类:
public class Pig implements Cloneable{
private String name;
private Date birthday;
public Pig(String name, Date birthday) {
this.name = name;
this.birthday = birthday;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
@Override
protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
Pig pig = (Pig)super.clone();
//深克隆
pig.birthday = (Date) pig.birthday.clone();
return pig;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Pig{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", birthday=" + birthday +
'}'+super.toString();
}
}
测试类:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
Date birthday = new Date(0L);
Pig pig1 = new Pig("佩奇",birthday);
Pig pig2 = (Pig) pig1.clone();
System.out.println(pig1);
System.out.println(pig2);
pig1.getBirthday().setTime(666666666666L);
System.out.println(pig1);
System.out.println(pig2);
}
}
三、源码示例
1、JDK中的ArrayList类:
HashMap类: