C#:几种数据库的大数据批量插入 - faib

    首先说一下,IProvider里有一个用于实现批量插入的插件服务接口IBatcherProvider,此接口在前一篇文章中已经提到过了。

  /// <summary>
    /// 提供数据批量处理的方法。
    /// </summary>
    public interface IBatcherProvider : IProviderService
    {
        /// <summary>
        ///<see cref="DataTable"/> 的数据批量插入到数据库中。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="dataTable">要批量插入的 <see cref="DataTable"/></param>
        /// <param name="batchSize">每批次写入的数据量。</param>
        void Insert(DataTable dataTable, int batchSize = 10000);
    }

 
View Code

一、SqlServer数据批量插入

    SqlServer的批量插入很简单,使用SqlBulkCopy就可以,以下是该类的实现:

 

 /// <summary>
    /// 为 System.Data.SqlClient 提供的用于批量操作的方法。
    /// </summary>
    public sealed class MsSqlBatcher : IBatcherProvider
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 获取或设置提供者服务的上下文。
        /// </summary>
        public ServiceContext ServiceContext { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        ///<see cref="DataTable"/> 的数据批量插入到数据库中。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="dataTable">要批量插入的 <see cref="DataTable"/></param>
        /// <param name="batchSize">每批次写入的数据量。</param>
        public void Insert(DataTable dataTable, int batchSize = 10000)
        {
            Checker.ArgumentNull(dataTable, "dataTable");
            if (dataTable.Rows.Count == 0)
            {
                return;
            }
            using (var connection = (SqlConnection)ServiceContext.Database.CreateConnection())
            {
                try
                {
                    connection.TryOpen();
                    //给表名加上前后导符
                    var tableName = DbUtility.FormatByQuote(ServiceContext.Database.Provider.GetService<ISyntaxProvider>(), dataTable.TableName);
                    using (var bulk = new SqlBulkCopy(connection, SqlBulkCopyOptions.KeepIdentity, null)
                        {
                            DestinationTableName = tableName, 
                            BatchSize = batchSize
                        })
                    {
                        //循环所有列,为bulk添加映射
                        dataTable.EachColumn(c => bulk.ColumnMappings.Add(c.ColumnName, c.ColumnName), c => !c.AutoIncrement);
                        bulk.WriteToServer(dataTable);
                        bulk.Close();
                    }
                }
                catch (Exception exp)
                {
                    throw new BatcherException(exp);
                }
                finally
                {
                    connection.TryClose();
                }
            }
        }
    }

 

     SqlBulkCopy的ColumnMappings中列的名称受大小写敏感限制,因此在构造DataTable的时候应请注意列名要与表一致。

     以上没有使用事务,使用事务在性能上会有一定的影响,如果要使用事务,可以设置SqlBulkCopyOptions.UseInternalTransaction。
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 二、Oracle数据批量插入

     System.Data.OracleClient不支持批量插入,因此只能使用Oracle.DataAccess组件来作为提供者。

/// <summary>
    /// Oracle.Data.Access 组件提供的用于批量操作的方法。
    /// </summary>
    public sealed class OracleAccessBatcher : IBatcherProvider
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 获取或设置提供者服务的上下文。
        /// </summary>
        public ServiceContext ServiceContext { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        ///<see cref="DataTable"/> 的数据批量插入到数据库中。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="dataTable">要批量插入的 <see cref="DataTable"/></param>
        /// <param name="batchSize">每批次写入的数据量。</param>
        public void Insert(DataTable dataTable, int batchSize = 10000)
        {
            Checker.ArgumentNull(dataTable, "dataTable");
            if (dataTable.Rows.Count == 0)
            {
                return;
            }
            using (var connection = ServiceContext.Database.CreateConnection())
            {
                try
                {
                    connection.TryOpen();
                    using (var command = ServiceContext.Database.Provider.DbProviderFactory.CreateCommand())
                    {
                        if (command == null)
                        {
                            throw new BatcherException(new ArgumentException("command"));
                        }
                        command.Connection = connection;
                        command.CommandText = GenerateInserSql(ServiceContext.Database, command, dataTable);
                        command.ExecuteNonQuery();
                    }
                }
                catch (Exception exp)
                {
                    throw new BatcherException(exp);
                }
                finally
                {
                    connection.TryClose();
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 生成插入数据的sql语句。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="database"></param>
        /// <param name="command"></param>
        /// <param name="table"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private string GenerateInserSql(IDatabase database, DbCommand command, DataTable table)
        {
            var names = new StringBuilder();
            var values = new StringBuilder();
            //将一个DataTable的数据转换为数组的数组
            var data = table.ToArray();

            //设置ArrayBindCount属性
            command.GetType().GetProperty("ArrayBindCount").SetValue(command, table.Rows.Count, null);

            var syntax = database.Provider.GetService<ISyntaxProvider>();
            for (var i = 0; i < table.Columns.Count; i++)
            {
                var column = table.Columns[i];

                var parameter = database.Provider.DbProviderFactory.CreateParameter();
                if (parameter == null)
                {
                    continue;
                }
                parameter.ParameterName = column.ColumnName;
                parameter.Direction = ParameterDirection.Input;
                parameter.DbType = column.DataType.GetDbType();
                parameter.Value = data[i];

                if (names.Length > 0)
                {
                    names.Append(",");
                    values.Append(",");
                }
                names.AppendFormat("{0}", DbUtility.FormatByQuote(syntax, column.ColumnName));
                values.AppendFormat("{0}{1}", syntax.ParameterPrefix, column.ColumnName);

                command.Parameters.Add(parameter);
            }
            return string.Format("INSERT INTO {0}({1}) VALUES ({2})", DbUtility.FormatByQuote(syntax, table.TableName), names, values);
        }
    }
View Code

    以上最重要的一步,就是将DataTable转为数组的数组表示,即object[][],前数组的上标是列的个数,后数组是行的个数,因此循环Columns将后数组作为Parameter的值,也就是说,参数的值是一个数组。而insert语句与一般的插入语句没有什么不一样。

三、SQLite数据批量插入

     SQLite的批量插入只需开启事务就可以了,这个具体的原理不得而知。

public sealed class SQLiteBatcher : IBatcherProvider
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 获取或设置提供者服务的上下文。
        /// </summary>
        public ServiceContext ServiceContext { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        ///<see cref="DataTable"/> 的数据批量插入到数据库中。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="dataTable">要批量插入的 <see cref="DataTable"/></param>
        /// <param name="batchSize">每批次写入的数据量。</param>
        public void Insert(DataTable dataTable, int batchSize = 10000)
        {
            Checker.ArgumentNull(dataTable, "dataTable");
            if (dataTable.Rows.Count == 0)
            {
                return;
            }
            using (var connection = ServiceContext.Database.CreateConnection())
            {
                DbTransaction transcation = null;
                try
                {
                    connection.TryOpen();
                    transcation = connection.BeginTransaction();
                    using (var command = ServiceContext.Database.Provider.DbProviderFactory.CreateCommand())
                    {
                        if (command == null)
                        {
                            throw new BatcherException(new ArgumentException("command"));
                        }
                        command.Connection = connection;

                        command.CommandText = GenerateInserSql(ServiceContext.Database, dataTable);
                        if (command.CommandText == string.Empty)
                        {
                            return;
                        }

                        var flag = new AssertFlag();
                        dataTable.EachRow(row =>
                            {
                                var first = flag.AssertTrue();
                                ProcessCommandParameters(dataTable, command, row, first);
                                command.ExecuteNonQuery();
                            });
                    }
                    transcation.Commit();
                }
                catch (Exception exp)
                {
                    if (transcation != null)
                    {
                        transcation.Rollback();
                    }
                    throw new BatcherException(exp);
                }
                finally
                {
                    connection.TryClose();
                }
            }
        }

        private void ProcessCommandParameters(DataTable dataTable, DbCommand command, DataRow row, bool first)
        {
            for (var c = 0; c < dataTable.Columns.Count; c++)
            {
                DbParameter parameter;
                //首次创建参数,是为了使用缓存
                if (first)
                {
                    parameter = ServiceContext.Database.Provider.DbProviderFactory.CreateParameter();
                    parameter.ParameterName = dataTable.Columns[c].ColumnName;
                    command.Parameters.Add(parameter);
                }
                else
                {
                    parameter = command.Parameters[c];
                }
                parameter.Value = row[c];
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 生成插入数据的sql语句。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="database"></param>
        /// <param name="table"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private string GenerateInserSql(IDatabase database, DataTable table)
        {
            var syntax = database.Provider.GetService<ISyntaxProvider>();
            var names = new StringBuilder();
            var values = new StringBuilder();
            var flag = new AssertFlag();
            table.EachColumn(column =>
                {
                    if (!flag.AssertTrue())
                    {
                        names.Append(",");
                        values.Append(",");
                    }
                    names.Append(DbUtility.FormatByQuote(syntax, column.ColumnName));
                    values.AppendFormat("{0}{1}", syntax.ParameterPrefix, column.ColumnName);
                });
            return string.Format("INSERT INTO {0}({1}) VALUES ({2})", DbUtility.FormatByQuote(syntax, table.TableName), names, values);
        }
    }
View Code

   四、MySql数据批量插入

/// <summary>
    /// 为 MySql.Data 组件提供的用于批量操作的方法。
    /// </summary>
    public sealed class MySqlBatcher : IBatcherProvider
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 获取或设置提供者服务的上下文。
        /// </summary>
        public ServiceContext ServiceContext { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        ///<see cref="DataTable"/> 的数据批量插入到数据库中。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="dataTable">要批量插入的 <see cref="DataTable"/></param>
        /// <param name="batchSize">每批次写入的数据量。</param>
        public void Insert(DataTable dataTable, int batchSize = 10000)
        {
            Checker.ArgumentNull(dataTable, "dataTable");
            if (dataTable.Rows.Count == 0)
            {
                return;
            }
            using (var connection = ServiceContext.Database.CreateConnection())
            {
                try
                {
                    connection.TryOpen();
                    using (var command = ServiceContext.Database.Provider.DbProviderFactory.CreateCommand())
                    {
                        if (command == null)
                        {
                            throw new BatcherException(new ArgumentException("command"));
                        }
                        command.Connection = connection;

                        command.CommandText = GenerateInserSql(ServiceContext.Database, command, dataTable);
                        if (command.CommandText == string.Empty)
                        {
                            return;
                        }
                        command.ExecuteNonQuery();
                    }
                }
                catch (Exception exp)
                {
                    throw new BatcherException(exp);
                }
                finally
                {
                    connection.TryClose();
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 生成插入数据的sql语句。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="database"></param>
        /// <param name="command"></param>
        /// <param name="table"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private string GenerateInserSql(IDatabase database, DbCommand command, DataTable table)
        {
            var names = new StringBuilder();
            var values = new StringBuilder();
            var types = new List<DbType>();
            var count = table.Columns.Count;
            var syntax = database.Provider.GetService<ISyntaxProvider>();
            table.EachColumn(c =>
                {
                    if (names.Length > 0)
                    {
                        names.Append(",");
                    }
                    names.AppendFormat("{0}", DbUtility.FormatByQuote(syntax, c.ColumnName));
                    types.Add(c.DataType.GetDbType());
                });

            var i = 0;
            foreach (DataRow row in table.Rows)
            {
                if (i > 0)
                {
                    values.Append(",");
                }
                values.Append("(");
                for (var j = 0; j < count; j++)
                {
                    if (j > 0)
                    {
                        values.Append(", ");
                    }
                    var isStrType = IsStringType(types[j]);
                    var parameter = CreateParameter(database.Provider, isStrType, types[j], row[j], syntax.ParameterPrefix, i, j);
                    if (parameter != null)
                    {
                        values.Append(parameter.ParameterName);
                        command.Parameters.Add(parameter);
                    }
                    else if (isStrType)
                    {
                        values.AppendFormat("'{0}'", row[j]);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        values.Append(row[j]);
                    }
                }
                values.Append(")");
                i++;
            }
            return string.Format("INSERT INTO {0}({1}) VALUES {2}", DbUtility.FormatByQuote(syntax, table.TableName), names, values);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 判断是否为字符串类别。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="dbType"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private bool IsStringType(DbType dbType)
        {
            return dbType == DbType.AnsiString || dbType == DbType.AnsiStringFixedLength || dbType == DbType.String || dbType == DbType.StringFixedLength;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 创建参数。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="provider"></param>
        /// <param name="isStrType"></param>
        /// <param name="dbType"></param>
        /// <param name="value"></param>
        /// <param name="parPrefix"></param>
        /// <param name="row"></param>
        /// <param name="col"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private DbParameter CreateParameter(IProvider provider, bool isStrType, DbType dbType, object value, char parPrefix, int row, int col)
        {
            //如果生成全部的参数,则速度会很慢,因此,只有数据类型为字符串(包含'号)和日期型时才添加参数
            if ((isStrType && value.ToString().IndexOf('\'') != -1) || dbType == DbType.DateTime)
            {
                var name = string.Format("{0}p_{1}_{2}", parPrefix, row, col);
                var parameter = provider.DbProviderFactory.CreateParameter();
                parameter.ParameterName = name;
                parameter.Direction = ParameterDirection.Input;
                parameter.DbType = dbType;
                parameter.Value = value;
                return parameter;
            }
            return null;
        }
    }
View Code

    MySql的批量插入,是将值全部写在语句的values里,例如,insert batcher(id, name) values(1, '1', 2, '2', 3, '3', ........ 10, '10')。

 

     五、测试

     接下来写一个测试用例来看一下使用批量插入的效果。

[Test]
        public void TestBatchInsert()
        {
            Console.WriteLine(TimeWatcher.Watch(() =>
                InvokeTest(database =>
                    {
                        var table = new DataTable("Batcher");
                        table.Columns.Add("Id", typeof(int));
                        table.Columns.Add("Name1", typeof(string));
                        table.Columns.Add("Name2", typeof(string));
                        table.Columns.Add("Name3", typeof(string));
                        table.Columns.Add("Name4", typeof(string));

                        //构造100000条数据
                        for (var i = 0; i < 100000; i++)
                        {
                            table.Rows.Add(i, i.ToString(), i.ToString(), i.ToString(), i.ToString());
                        }

                        //获取 IBatcherProvider
                        var batcher = database.Provider.GetService<IBatcherProvider>();
                        if (batcher == null)
                        {
                            Console.WriteLine("不支持批量插入。");
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            batcher.Insert(table);
                        }

                        //输出batcher表的数据量
                        var sql = new SqlCommand("SELECT COUNT(1) FROM Batcher");
                        Console.WriteLine("当前共有 {0} 条数据", database.ExecuteScalar(sql));

                    })));
        }

 
View Code

  以下表中列出了四种数据库生成10万条数据各耗用的时间

 

数据库

耗用时间

MsSql 00:00:02.9376300
Oracle 00:00:01.5155959
SQLite 00:00:01.6275634
MySql 00:00:05.4166891

使用SqlBulkCopy将DataTable中的数据批量插入数据库中

#region 使用SqlBulkCopy将DataTable中的数据批量插入数据库中  
      /// <summary>  
      /// 使用SqlBulkCopy将DataTable中的数据批量插入数据库中  
      /// </summary>  
      /// <param name="strTableName">数据库中对应的表名</param>  
      /// <param name="dtData">数据集</param>  
      public void SqlBulkCopyInsert(string strTableName, DataTable dtData)  
      {  
          string ConStr = connectionString;// 数据库连接字符串  
  
          try  
          {  
              using (SqlBulkCopy sqlRevdBulkCopy = new SqlBulkCopy(ConStr))//引用SqlBulkCopy  
              {  
                  sqlRevdBulkCopy.DestinationTableName = strTableName;//数据库中对应的表名  
  
                  sqlRevdBulkCopy.NotifyAfter = dtData.Rows.Count;//有几行数据  
  
                  sqlRevdBulkCopy.WriteToServer(dtData);//数据导入数据库  
  
                  sqlRevdBulkCopy.Close();//关闭连接  
              }  
          }  
          catch (Exception ex)  
          {  
              WriteErrorLog(ex.Message + "数据库处理出错654行。SqlBulkCopyInsert");  
              throw (ex);  
          }  
      }  
      #endregion  
使用SqlBulkCopy将DataTable中的数据批量插入数据库中

 

//BCP copy  
    SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection();  
    conn.ConnectionString = "server=.;uid=dmkj_hpc;pwd=#$wlh*&1110h%c;database=DMKJ_SMS";  
    conn.Open();  
  
    SqlTransaction sqlbulkTransaction = conn.BeginTransaction();  
  
    //请在插入数据的同时检查约束,如果发生错误调用sqlbulkTransaction事务  
    SqlBulkCopy copy = new SqlBulkCopy(conn, SqlBulkCopyOptions.CheckConstraints, sqlbulkTransaction);  
  
  
    copy.DestinationTableName = "T_SMS_SendInfo";  
    foreach (DataColumn dc in dataTable.Columns)  
    {  
        copy.ColumnMappings.Add(dc.ColumnName, dc.ColumnName);  
  
    }  
    try  
    {  
        copy.WriteToServer(dataTable);  
        sqlbulkTransaction.Commit();  
    }  
    catch (Exception ex)  
    {  
        sqlbulkTransaction.Rollback();  
        Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());  
    }  
    finally  
    {  
        copy.Close();  
        conn.Close();  
    }  
BCP copy

 

posted @ 2016-03-17 11:40  无恨星晨  阅读(12163)  评论(1编辑  收藏  举报