图书管理系统进阶---多表操作

1|0models.py模型类

      Book模型类下面写一个获取所有作者的函数
      class Book(models.Model):
            .....
        def get_all_author(self):
        # name_list = []
        # for author in self.authors.all():
        #     name_list.append(author.name)
        # name_list_srt = '+'.join(name_list)
        # return name_list_srt
        return ','.join([author.name for author in self.authors.all()])

2|0book_list.html 展示页面

{% load static %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css' %}">
</head>
<body>

<div class="container">
    <h1>书籍展示</h1>
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
            <a href="{% url 'add' %}" class="btn btn-primary">添加书籍</a>
            <table style="margin-top: 10px;" class="table table-hover table-striped table-bordered">
                <thead>
                <tr>
                    <th>序号</th>
                    <th>书名</th>
                    <th>价钱</th>
                    <th>出版日期</th>
                    <th>出版社</th>
                    <th>作者</th>
                    <th>操作</th>
                </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                {% for book_obj in book_obj_list %}
                <tr>
                    <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
                    <td>{{ book_obj.title }}</td>
                    <td>{{ book_obj.price }}</td>
                    <td>{{ book_obj.pub_date|date:'Y-m-d' }}</td>
                    <td>{{ book_obj.pub.name }}</td>
                    <td>
                        {{ book_obj.get_all_author }}
            //两种方法都可以,上面这种是在Book模型类下面写了一个函数，然后直接调用就行了,下面这种是用后台传过来的book类对象操作第三张表for循环
                    </td>
{#                    <td>#}
{#                        {% for author in book_obj.authors.all %}#}
{#                            {{ author.name }}#}
{#                            {% if forloop.last %}#}
{##}
{#                            {% else %}#}
{#                                ,#}
{#                            {% endif %}#}
{##}
{#                        {% endfor %}#}
{#                    </td>#}

                    <td>
                        <a href="{% url 'edit' book_obj.pk %}" class="btn btn-warning">编辑</a>
                        <a href="{% url 'delete_book' book_obj.pk %}" class="btn btn-danger">删除</a>
                    </td>
                </tr>
                {% endfor %}


                </tbody>
            </table>
        </div>
    </div>

</div>



</body>

</html>

3|0add.html添加书籍

{% load static %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css' %}">
</head>
<body>

<div class="container">

    <h1>添加书籍</h1>
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
            <form action="{% url 'add' %}" method="post">
{#            <form action="{% url 'add_book' %}" method="post">#}
{#            <form action="{% url 'add_book' 2020 %}" method="post">#}
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="title">书籍名称</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="title" placeholder="书籍名称" name="title">
                </div>

                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="price">价格</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="price" placeholder="书籍名称" name="price">
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="pub_date">出版日期</label>
                    <input type="date" class="form-control" id="pub_date" placeholder="书籍名称" name="pub_date">
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="publish">出版社</label>
                    <select name="pub_id" id="publish" class="form-control">
                        {% for publish in publish_list %}
                            <option value="{{ publish.id }}">{{ publish.name }}</option>
                        {% endfor %}

                    </select>
                </div>

                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="authors">作者</label>
                    <select multiple name="authors" id="authors" class="form-control">
                        {% for author in author_list %}
                            <option value="{{ author.id }}">{{ author.name }}</option>
                        {% endfor %}

                    </select>
                </div>
                <button class="btn btn-success pull-right">提交</button>
            </form>


        </div>

    </div>


</div>




</body>

</html>

4|0edit.html 编辑

{% load static %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css' %}">
</head>
<body>

<div class="container">

    <h1>编辑书籍</h1>
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
            <form action="{% url 'edit' old_book_obj.pk %}" method="post">
{#            <form action="{% url 'add_book' %}" method="post">#}
{#            <form action="{% url 'add_book' 2020 %}" method="post">#}
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="title">书籍名称</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="title" placeholder="书籍名称" name="title" value="{{ old_book_obj.title }}">
                </div>

                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="price">价格</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="price" placeholder="书籍名称" name="price" value="{{ old_book_obj.price }}">
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="pub_date">出版日期</label>
                    <input type="date" class="form-control" id="pub_date" placeholder="书籍名称" name="pub_date" value="{{ old_book_obj.pub_date|date:'Y-m-d' }}">
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="publish">出版社</label>
                    <select name="pub_id" id="publish" class="form-control">
                        {% for publish in publish_list %}
                            {% if old_book_obj.pub == publish %}
                                <option value="{{ publish.id }}" selected>{{ publish.name }}</option>
                            {% else %}
                                <option value="{{ publish.id }}">{{ publish.name }}</option>
                            {% endif %}
                        {% endfor %}

                    </select>
                </div>

                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="authors">作者</label>
                    <select multiple name="authors" id="authors" class="form-control">
                        {% for author in author_list %}

                            {% if author in old_book_obj.authors.all %}
                                <option value="{{ author.id }}" selected>{{ author.name }}</option>
                            {% else %}
                                <option value="{{ author.id }}" >{{ author.name }}</option>

                            {% endif %}

                        {% endfor %}

                    </select>
                </div>
                <button class="btn btn-success pull-right">提交</button>
            </form>


        </div>

    </div>


</div>




</body>

</html>

5|0urls.py文件

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^book_list/', views.book_list, name='book_list'),
 
    url(r'^add/', views.AddEdit.as_view(), name='add'),

    url(r'^edit/(\d+)/', views.AddEdit.as_view(), name='edit'),

    url(r'^delete_book/(\d+)/', views.delete_book, name='delete_book'),

    url(r'^xx/', views.xx, name='xx'),

]

6|0views.py文件

from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, render, redirect
from app01 import models
from django.views import View

#展示
def book_list(request):
      book_obj_list = models.Book.objects.all()
      return render(request,'book_list.html',{'book_obj_list':book_obj_list})

#添加
class Add(View):
      def get(self,request):
            publish_list = models.Publish.objects.all()
            author_list = models.Author.objects.all()
            return render(request,'add.html',{'publish_list': publish_list, 'author_list': author_list})

      def post(self,request):
            #querydict类型都是不可变的，想修改，可用下面两种方式
            #request.POST._mutable = True #方法一，让querydict可变
            data = request.POST.copy() #第二种方法
            xx = data.pop('authors')      
            book_obj = models.Book.objects.create(
                  **data.dict(),
            )
            #添加这本书和作者的多对多关系
            book_obj.authors.add(*xx)
            return redirect('book_list')

#编辑
class Edit(View):
      def get(self,request,pk):
            old_book_obj = models.Book.objects.get(pk=pk)
            publish_list = models.Publish.objects.all()
            author_list = models.Author.objects.all()
            return render(request,'edit.html',{'old_book_obj': old_book_obj,'publish_list': publish_list,'author_list': author_list})

      def post(self,request,pk):
            old_book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=pk)
            authors_id_list = request.POST.getlist('authors')
            data = request.POST.dict()
            data.pop('authors')
            
            old_book_obj.update(
                  **data
            )
            old_book_obj.first().authors.set(authors_id_list)
            return redirect('book_list')

#删除
def delete_book(request,pk):
      models.Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete()
      return redirect('book_list')

7|0进阶优化代码，合并添加和编辑

class AddEdit(View):
      def get(self,request,pk=None):
            old_books = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=pk)
            publish_list = models.Publish.objects.all()
            author_list = models.Author.objects.all()
            if old_books.exists():
                  old_book_obj = old_books.first()
                  return render(request,'add_edit.html',{'old_book_obj': old_book_obj,'publish_list': publish_list,'author_list': author_list})
            else:
                  return render(request,'add_edit.html',
                          {'publish_list': publish_list, 'author_list': author_list})

      def post(self,request,pk=None):
            old_book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=pk)
            authors_id_list = request.POST.getlist('authors')
            data = request.POST.dict()
            data.pop('authors')

            if old_book_obj.exists():
                  old_book_obj.update(
                        **data
                  )
                  old_book_obj.first().authors.set(authors_id_list)
            else:
                  book_obj = models.Book.objects.create(
                        **data
                  )
                  #添加这本书和作者的多对多关系
                  book_obj.authors.add(*authors_id_list)
            return redirect('book_list')