SQL分页语句
有关分页 SQL 的资料很多，有的使用存储过程，有的使用游标。本人不喜欢使用游标，我觉得它耗资、效率低；使用存储过程是个不错的选择，因为存储过程是经过预编译的，执行效率高，也更灵活。先看看单条 SQL 语句的分页 SQL 吧。其它的方案：如果没有主键，可以用临时表，也可以用方案三做，但是效率会低。
方法1：
适用于 SQL Server 2000/2005
SELECT TOP 页大小 *
FROM table1
WHERE id NOT IN
(
SELECT TOP 页大小*(页数-1) id FROM table1 ORDER BY id
)
ORDER BY id
方法2：
适用于 SQL Server 2000/2005
SELECT TOP 页大小 *
FROM table1
WHERE id >
(
SELECT ISNULL(MAX(id),0)
FROM
(
SELECT TOP 页大小*(页数-1) id FROM table1 ORDER BY id
) A
)
ORDER BY id
方法3：
适用于 SQL Server 2005
SELECT TOP 页大小 *
FROM
(
SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY id) AS RowNumber,* FROM table1
) A
WHERE RowNumber > 页大小*(页数-1)
说明，页大小：每页的行数；页数：第几页。使用时，请把“页大小”和“页大小*(页数-1)”替换成数字。
建议优化的时候，加上主键和索引，查询效率会提高。
通过SQL 查询分析器，显示比较：我的结论是:
分页方案二：(利用ID大于多少和SELECT TOP分页）效率最高，需要拼接SQL语句
分页方案一：(利用Not In和SELECT TOP分页) 效率次之，需要拼接SQL语句
分页方案三：(利用SQL的游标存储过程分页) 效率最差，但是最为通用
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
不同分页存储过程分析
OK,我们首先创建一数据库：data_Test,并在此数据库中创建一表：tb_TestTable
1create database data_Test --创建数据库data_Test
2GO
3use data_Test
4GO
5create table tb_TestTable --创建表
6(
7 id int identity(1,1) primary key,
8 userName nvarchar(20) not null,
9 userPWD nvarchar(20) not null,
10 userEmail nvarchar(40) null
11)
12GO
然后我们在数据表中插入2000000条数据:
1--插入数据
2set identity_insert tb_TestTable on
3declare @count int
4set @count=1
5while @count<=2000000
6begin
7 insert into tb_TestTable(id,userName,userPWD,userEmail) values(@count,'admin','admin888','lli0077@yahoo.com.cn')
8 set @count=@count+1
9end
10set identity_insert tb_TestTable off
我首先写了五个常用存储过程：
1，利用select top 和select not in进行分页，具体代码如下：
1create procedure proc_paged_with_notin --利用select top and select not in
2(
3 @pageIndex int, --页索引
4 @pageSize int --每页记录数
5)
6as
7begin
8 set nocount on;
9 declare @timediff datetime --耗时
10 declare @sql nvarchar(500)
11 select @timediff=Getdate()
12 set @sql='select top '+str(@pageSize)+' * from tb_TestTable where(ID not in(select top '+str(@pageSize*@pageIndex)+' id from tb_TestTable order by ID ASC)) order by ID'
13 execute(@sql) --因select top后不支技直接接参数，所以写成了字符串@sql
14 select datediff(ms,@timediff,GetDate()) as 耗时
15 set nocount off;
16end
2,利用select top 和 select max(列键)
1create procedure proc_paged_with_selectMax --利用select top and select max(列)
2(
3 @pageIndex int, --页索引
4 @pageSize int --页记录数
5)
6as
7begin
8set nocount on;
9 declare @timediff datetime
10 declare @sql nvarchar(500)
11 select @timediff=Getdate()
12 set @sql='select top '+str(@pageSize)+' * From tb_TestTable where(ID>(select max(id) From (select top '+str(@pageSize*@pageIndex)+' id From tb_TestTable order by ID) as TempTable)) order by ID'
13 execute(@sql)
14 select datediff(ms,@timediff,GetDate()) as 耗时
15set nocount off;
16end
3,利用select top和中间变量--此方法因网上有人说效果最佳，所以贴出来一同测试
1create procedure proc_paged_with_Midvar --利用ID>最大ID值和中间变量
2(
3 @pageIndex int,
4 @pageSize int
5)
6as
7 declare @count int
8 declare @ID int
9 declare @timediff datetime
10 declare @sql nvarchar(500)
11begin
12set nocount on;
13 select @count=0,@ID=0,@timediff=getdate()
14 select @count=@count+1,@ID=case when @count<=@pageSize*@pageIndex then ID else @ID end from tb_testTable order by id
15 set @sql='select top '+str(@pageSize)+' * from tb_testTable where ID>'+str(@ID)
16 execute(@sql)
17 select datediff(ms,@timediff,getdate()) as 耗时
18set nocount off;
19end
20
4,利用Row_number() 此方法为SQL server 2005中新的方法,利用Row_number()给数据行加上索引
1create procedure proc_paged_with_Rownumber --利用SQL 2005中的Row_number()
2(
3 @pageIndex int,
4 @pageSize int
5)
6as
7 declare @timediff datetime
8begin
9set nocount on;
10 select @timediff=getdate()
11 select * from (select *,Row_number() over(order by ID asc) as IDRank from tb_testTable) as IDWithRowNumber where IDRank>@pageSize*@pageIndex and IDRank<@pageSize*(@pageIndex+1)
12 select datediff(ms,@timediff,getdate()) as 耗时
13set nocount off;
14end
15
5，利用临时表及Row_number
1create procedure proc_CTE --利用临时表及Row_number
2(
3 @pageIndex int, --页索引
4 @pageSize int --页记录数
5)
6as
7 set nocount on;
8 declare @ctestr nvarchar(400)
9 declare @strSql nvarchar(400)
10 declare @datediff datetime
11begin
12 select @datediff=GetDate()
13 set @ctestr='with Table_CTE as
14 (select ceiling((Row_number() over(order by ID ASC))/'+str(@pageSize)+') as page_num,* from tb_TestTable)';
15 set @strSql=@ctestr+' select * From Table_CTE where page_num='+str(@pageIndex)
16end
17 begin
18 execute sp_executesql @strSql
19 select datediff(ms,@datediff,GetDate())
20 set nocount off;
21 end
22
OK,至此，存储过程创建完毕，我们分别在每页10条数据的情况下在第2页，第1000页，第10000页，第100000页，第199999页进行测试，耗时单位：ms 每页测试5次取其平均值
| 存过 | 第2页耗时 | 第1000页耗时 | 第10000页耗时 | 第100000页耗时 | 第199999页耗时 | 效率排行 |
| 1用not in | 0ms | 16ms | 47ms | 475ms | 953ms | 3 |
| 2用select max | 5ms | 16ms | 35ms | 325ms | 623ms | 1 |
| 3中间变量 | 966ms | 970ms | 960ms | 945ms | 933ms | 5 |
| 4row_number | 0ms | 0ms | 34ms | 365ms | 710ms | 2 |
| 4临时表 | 780ms | 796ms | 798ms | 780ms | 805ms | 4 |
测试结果显示：select max >row_number>not in>临时表>中间变量
于是我对效率最高的select max方法用2分法进行了扩展，代码取自互联网，我修改了ASC排序时取不到值的BUG，测试结果:
| 2分法 | 156ms | 156ms | 180ms | 470ms | 156ms | 1* |
从测试结果来看，使用2分法确实可以提高效率并使效率更为稳定，我又增加了第159999页的测试，用时仅296ms，效果相当的不错！
下面是2分法使用select max的代码，已相当完善。
alter PROCEDURE proc_paged_2part_selectMax
6(
7@tblName nvarchar(200), ----要显示的表或多个表的连接
8@fldName nvarchar(500) = '*', ----要显示的字段列表
9@pageSize int = 10, ----每页显示的记录个数
10@page int = 1, ----要显示那一页的记录
11@fldSort nvarchar(200) = null, ----排序字段列表或条件
12@Sort bit = 0, ----排序方法，0为升序，1为降序(如果是多字段排列Sort指代最后一个排序字段的排列顺序(最后一个排序字段不加排序标记)--程序传参如：' SortA Asc,SortB Desc,SortC ')
13@strCondition nvarchar(1000) = null, ----查询条件,不需where
14@ID nvarchar(150), ----主表的主键
15@Dist bit = 0, ----是否添加查询字段的 DISTINCT 默认0不添加/1添加
16@pageCount int = 1 output, ----查询结果分页后的总页数
17@Counts int = 1 output ----查询到的记录数
18)
19AS
20SET NOCOUNT ON
21Declare @sqlTmp nvarchar(1000) ----存放动态生成的SQL语句
22Declare @strTmp nvarchar(1000) ----存放取得查询结果总数的查询语句
23Declare @strID nvarchar(1000) ----存放取得查询开头或结尾ID的查询语句
24
25Declare @strSortType nvarchar(10) ----数据排序规则A
26Declare @strFSortType nvarchar(10) ----数据排序规则B
27
28Declare @SqlSelect nvarchar(50) ----对含有DISTINCT的查询进行SQL构造
29Declare @SqlCounts nvarchar(50) ----对含有DISTINCT的总数查询进行SQL构造
30
31declare @timediff datetime --耗时测试时间差
32select @timediff=getdate()
33
34if @Dist = 0
35begin
36 set @SqlSelect = 'select '
37 set @SqlCounts = 'Count(*)'
38end
39else
40begin
41 set @SqlSelect = 'select distinct '
42 set @SqlCounts = 'Count(DISTINCT '+@ID+')'
43end
44
45
46if @Sort=0
47begin
48 set @strFSortType=' ASC '
49 set @strSortType=' DESC '
50end
51else
52begin
53 set @strFSortType=' DESC '
54 set @strSortType=' ASC '
55end
56
57
58
59--------生成查询语句--------
60--此处@strTmp为取得查询结果数量的语句
61if @strCondition is null or @strCondition='' --没有设置显示条件
62begin
63 set @sqlTmp = @fldName + ' From ' + @tblName
64 set @strTmp = @SqlSelect+' @Counts='+@SqlCounts+' FROM '+@tblName
65 set @strID = ' From ' + @tblName
66end
67else
68begin
69 set @sqlTmp = + @fldName + 'From ' + @tblName + ' where (1>0) ' + @strCondition
70 set @strTmp = @SqlSelect+' @Counts='+@SqlCounts+' FROM '+@tblName + ' where (1>0) ' + @strCondition
71 set @strID = ' From ' + @tblName + ' where (1>0) ' + @strCondition
72end
73
74----取得查询结果总数量-----
75exec sp_executesql @strTmp,N'@Counts int out ',@Counts out
76declare @tmpCounts int
77if @Counts = 0
78 set @tmpCounts = 1
79else
80 set @tmpCounts = @Counts
81
82 --取得分页总数
83 set @pageCount=(@tmpCounts+@pageSize-1)/@pageSize
84
85 /**//**当前页大于总页数 取最后一页**/
86 if @page>@pageCount
87 set @page=@pageCount
88
89 --/*-----数据分页2分处理-------*/
90 declare @pageIndex int --总数/页大小
91 declare @lastcount int --总数%页大小
92
93 set @pageIndex = @tmpCounts/@pageSize
94 set @lastcount = @tmpCounts%@pageSize
95 if @lastcount > 0
96 set @pageIndex = @pageIndex + 1
97 else
98 set @lastcount = @pagesize
99
100 --//***显示分页
101 if @strCondition is null or @strCondition='' --没有设置显示条件
102 begin
103 if @pageIndex<2 or @page<=@pageIndex / 2 + @pageIndex % 2 --前半部分数据处理
104 begin
105 if @page=1
106 set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName
107 +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType
108 else
109 begin
110 if @Sort=1
111 begin
112 set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName
113 +' where '+@ID+' <(select min('+ @ID +') from ('+ @SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize*(@page-1) as Varchar(20)) +' '+ @ID +' from '+@tblName
114 +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType+') AS TBMinID)'
115 +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType
116 end
117 else
118 begin
119 set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName
120 +' where '+@ID+' >(select max('+ @ID +') from ('+ @SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize*(@page-1) as Varchar(20)) +' '+ @ID +' from '+@tblName
121 +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType+') AS TBMinID)'
122 +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType
123 end
124 end
125 end
126 else
127 begin
128 set @page = @pageIndex-@page+1 --后半部分数据处理
129 if @page <= 1 --最后一页数据显示
130 set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' * from ('+@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@lastcount as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName
131 +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TempTB'+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType
132 else
133 if @Sort=1
134 begin
135 set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' * from ('+@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName
136 +' where '+@ID+' >(select max('+ @ID +') from('+ @SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize*(@page-2)+@lastcount as Varchar(20)) +' '+ @ID +' from '+@tblName
137 +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TBMaxID)'
138 +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TempTB'+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType
139 end
140 else
141 begin
142 set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' * from ('+@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName
143 +' where '+@ID+' <(select min('+ @ID +') from('+ @SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize*(@page-2)+@lastcount as Varchar(20)) +' '+ @ID +' from '+@tblName
144 +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TBMaxID)'
145 +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TempTB'+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType
146 end
147 end
148 end
149
150 else --有查询条件
151 begin
152 if @pageIndex<2 or @page<=@pageIndex / 2 + @pageIndex % 2 --前半部分数据处理
153 begin
154 if @page=1
155 set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName
156 +' where 1=1 ' + @strCondition + ' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType
157 else if(@Sort=1)
158 begin
159 set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName
160 +' where '+@ID+' <(select min('+ @ID +') from ('+ @SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize*(@page-1) as Varchar(20)) +' '+ @ID +' from '+@tblName
161 +' where (1=1) ' + @strCondition +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType+') AS TBMinID)'
162 +' '+ @strCondition +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType
163 end
164 else
165 begin
166 set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName
167 +' where '+@ID+' >(select max('+ @ID +') from ('+ @SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize*(@page-1) as Varchar(20)) +' '+ @ID +' from '+@tblName
168 +' where (1=1) ' + @strCondition +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType+') AS TBMinID)'
169 +' '+ @strCondition +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType
170 end
171 end
172 else
173 begin
174 set @page = @pageIndex-@page+1 --后半部分数据处理
175 if @page <= 1 --最后一页数据显示
176 set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' * from ('+@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@lastcount as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName
177 +' where (1=1) '+ @strCondition +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TempTB'+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType
178 else if(@Sort=1)
179 set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' * from ('+@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName
180 +' where '+@ID+' >(select max('+ @ID +') from('+ @SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize*(@page-2)+@lastcount as Varchar(20)) +' '+ @ID +' from '+@tblName
181 +' where (1=1) '+ @strCondition +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TBMaxID)'
182 +' '+ @strCondition+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TempTB'+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType
183 else
184 set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' * from ('+@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName
185 +' where '+@ID+' <(select min('+ @ID +') from('+ @SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize*(@page-2)+@lastcount as Varchar(20)) +' '+ @ID +' from '+@tblName
186 +' where (1=1) '+ @strCondition +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TBMaxID)'
187 +' '+ @strCondition+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TempTB'+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType
188 end
189 end
190
191------返回查询结果-----
192exec sp_executesql @strTmp
193select datediff(ms,@timediff,getdate()) as 耗时
194--print @strTmp
195SET NOCOUNT OFF
196GO
197
执行示例：exec proc_paged_2part_selectMax 'tb_testTable','ID,userName,userPWD,userEmail',10,100000,'ID',0,null,'ID',0
这种测试只在单机进行，并且没有在实际开发WEB项目中分页测试，测试项也比较单一，所以不够全面系统，但从其效率相比上，我们可以在数据库分页算法上进行有效的控制。
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
一个使用游标存储过程分页示例:
1 CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[im531_Page]
2 @TabeName AS NVARCHAR(50),
3 @Fields AS NVARCHAR(1024),
4 @SearchWhere AS NVARCHAR(1024),
5 @OrderFields AS NVARCHAR(1024),
6 @pageNumber AS INT,
7 @page AS INT
8 AS
9 BEGIN
10 SET NOCOUNT ON;
11 DECLARE @sqlType AS TINYINT
12 SET @sqlType = 0 -- 0 BETWEEN 1 TOP
13 DECLARE @sql AS NVARCHAR(MAX)
14 IF @SearchWhere <> '' SET @SearchWhere = ' WHERE ' + @SearchWhere
15 IF @page < 2 SET @page = 1
16 IF @page = 1
17 BEGIN
18 SET @sql = 'SELECT TOP ' + CONVERT(NVARCHAR(20),@pageNumber) + ' ' + @Fields
19 + 'FROM [' + @TabeName + '][a] WITH(NOLOCK) ' + @SearchWhere + ' ORDER BY ' + @OrderFields
20 END
21 ELSE
22 BEGIN
23 --临时表
24 SET @sql = ';WITH [Page_____Table] AS('
25 + 'SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY ' + @OrderFields + ') AS [RowNow],' + @Fields
26 + 'FROM ['+ @TabeName +' ][a] WITH(NOLOCK) ' + @SearchWhere
27 + ')'
28 --查找当前页面记录
29 IF @sqlType = 0
30 BEGIN
31 -- A USE BETWEEN
32 SET @sql = @sql + 'SELECT *'
33 + 'FROM [Page_____Table] WITH(NOLOCK)'
34 + 'WHERE [RowNow] BETWEEN ' + CONVERT(NVARCHAR(20),(@page - 1) * @pageNumber + 1) + ' AND ' + CONVERT(NVARCHAR(20),@page * @pageNumber)
35 + 'ORDER BY [RowNow]'
36 END
37 ELSE
38 BEGIN
39 -- B USE TOP
40 SET @sql = @sql + 'SELECT TOP ' + CONVERT(NVARCHAR(20),@pageNumber) + ' *'
41 + 'FROM [Page_____Table] WITH(NOLOCK)'
42 + 'WHERE [RowNow] > ' + CONVERT(NVARCHAR(20),(@page - 1) * @pageNumber)
43 + 'ORDER BY [RowNow]'
44 END
45 END
46 EXEC(@sql)
47 END
