shell脚本进阶常用工具

1.交互式转化批处理工具expect

让交互式的命令变成非交互式

1）expect默认没有装，需要安装

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1	yum -y install expect

2)语法：

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1	expect [选项] [-c cmds] [[-[flb]] cmdfiles] [args]

3)常见选项：

-c：从命令执行expect脚本，默认expect是交互执行的

-d：可以调试信息

4）expext中相关命令：

• spawn 启动新的进程
• expect 从进程接收字符串
• send 用于向进程发送字符串
• interact 允许用户交互
• exp_continue 匹配多个字符在执行动作后加此命令　　

例：非交互式复制文件

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#!/usr/bin/expect spawn scp /etc/redhat-release 192.168.93.141:/data expect{         "yes/no" { send "yes\n"; exp_continue }         "password" { send "JoshuaKimmich\n" } } expect eof

 

 

 

 例：远程登录

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#!/usr/bin/expect spawn ssh 192.168.93.141 expect {         "yes/no" { send "yes\n"; exp_continue }         "password" { send "JoshuaKimmich\n" } } expect eof

 

 例：expect变量

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#!/usr/bin/expect set ip 192.168.93.141 set user root set password WeiLan set timeout 10 spawn ssh $user@$ip expect {         "yes/no" { send "yes\n"; exp_continue }         "password" { send "$password\n" } } interact

 

例：expect位置参数

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#!/usr/bin/expect set ip [ lindex $argv 0 ] set user [ lindex $argv 1 ] set password [ lindex $argv 2 ] spawn ssh $user@$ip expect {         "yes/no" { send "yes\n"; exp_continue }         "password" { send "$password\n" } } interact

 

注意这里的“[lindex $argv 0] 相当于$1以此类推

 例：expect执行多个命令

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#!/usr/bin/expect set ip [ lindex $argv 0 ] set user [ lindex $argv 1 ] set password [ lindex $argv 2 ] set timeout 10 spawn ssh $user@$ip expect {         "yes/no" { send "yes\n"; exp_continue }         "password" { send "$password\n" } } expect "]#" { send "useradd haha\n" } expect "]#" { send "echo weilan | passwd --stain haha\n" } send "exit\n" expect eof

 例：shell脚本调用用expect

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#!/bin/bash ip=$1 user=$2 password=$3 expect << EOF set timeout 20 spawn ssh $user@$$ip expect {         "yes/no" { send "yes\n; exp_continue" }         "password" { send "$password } } expect "]#" { send "useradd hehe\n" } expect "]#" { send "echo weilan99999999 | passwd hehe\n" } expect "]#" { send "exit\n" } expect eof EOF

 

 

2.数组array简单介绍

1）存储多个元素的连续内存空间，多个变量的集合

2) 三种索引

• 索引的编号从0开始，属于数值索引
• 索引可支持使用自定义的格式，而不仅是数值格式，即为关联索引，bash4.0版本之后开始支持

查看bash版本

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1	bash --version

• bash的数值支持稀松格式（索引不连续）