shell脚本进阶常用工具

1.交互式转化批处理工具expect

让交互式的命令变成非交互式

1）expect默认没有装，需要安装

yum -y install expect

2)语法：

expect [选项] [-c cmds] [[-[flb]] cmdfiles] [args]

3)常见选项：

-c：从命令执行expect脚本，默认expect是交互执行的

-d：可以调试信息

4）expext中相关命令：

• spawn 启动新的进程
• expect 从进程接收字符串
• send 用于向进程发送字符串
• interact 允许用户交互
• exp_continue 匹配多个字符在执行动作后加此命令　　

例：非交互式复制文件

#!/usr/bin/expect
spawn scp /etc/redhat-release 192.168.93.141:/data
expect{
        "yes/no" { send "yes\n"; exp_continue }
        "password" { send "JoshuaKimmich\n" }
}
expect eof

 

 

 

 例：远程登录

#!/usr/bin/expect
spawn ssh 192.168.93.141
expect {
        "yes/no" { send "yes\n"; exp_continue }
        "password" { send "JoshuaKimmich\n" }
}
expect eof

 

 例：expect变量

#!/usr/bin/expect
set ip 192.168.93.141
set user root
set password WeiLan
set timeout 10
spawn ssh $user@$ip
expect {
        "yes/no" { send "yes\n"; exp_continue }
        "password" { send "$password\n" }
}
interact

 

例：expect位置参数

#!/usr/bin/expect
set ip [ lindex $argv 0 ]
set user [ lindex $argv 1 ]
set password [ lindex $argv 2 ]
spawn ssh $user@$ip
expect {
        "yes/no" { send "yes\n"; exp_continue }
        "password" { send "$password\n" }
}
interact

 

注意这里的“[lindex $argv 0] 相当于$1以此类推

 例：expect执行多个命令

#!/usr/bin/expect
set ip [ lindex $argv 0 ]
set user [ lindex $argv 1 ]
set password [ lindex $argv 2 ]
set timeout 10
spawn ssh $user@$ip
expect {
        "yes/no" { send "yes\n"; exp_continue }
        "password" { send "$password\n" }
}
expect "]#" { send "useradd haha\n" }
expect "]#" { send "echo weilan | passwd --stain haha\n" }
send "exit\n"
expect eof

 例：shell脚本调用用expect

#!/bin/bash
ip=$1
user=$2
password=$3
expect << EOF
set timeout 20
spawn ssh $user@$$ip
expect { 
        "yes/no" { send "yes\n; exp_continue" }
        "password" { send "$password }
}
expect "]#" { send "useradd hehe\n" }
expect "]#" { send "echo weilan99999999 | passwd hehe\n" }
expect "]#" { send "exit\n" }
expect eof
EOF

 

 

2.数组array简单介绍

1）存储多个元素的连续内存空间，多个变量的集合

2) 三种索引

• 索引的编号从0开始，属于数值索引
• 索引可支持使用自定义的格式，而不仅是数值格式，即为关联索引，bash4.0版本之后开始支持

查看bash版本

bash --version

• bash的数值支持稀松格式（索引不连续）