Python—requests模块详解
1、模块说明
requests是使用Apache2 licensed 许可证的HTTP库。
用python编写。
比urllib2模块更简洁。
Request支持HTTP连接保持和连接池,支持使用cookie保持会话,支持文件上传,支持自动响应内容的编码,支持国际化的URL和POST数据自动编码。
在python内置模块的基础上进行了高度的封装,从而使得python进行网络请求时,变得人性化,使用Requests可以轻而易举的完成浏览器可有的任何操作。
现代,国际化,友好。
requests会自动实现持久连接keep-alive
2、基础入门
1)导入模块
import requests
2)发送请求的简洁
示例代码:获取一个网页(个人github)
import requests r = requests.get('https://github.com/Ranxf') # 最基本的不带参数的get请求 r1 = requests.get(url='http://dict.baidu.com/s', params={'wd': 'python'}) # 带参数的get请求
我们就可以使用该方式使用以下各种方法
1 requests.get(‘https://github.com/timeline.json’) # GET请求 2 requests.post(“http://httpbin.org/post”) # POST请求 3 requests.put(“http://httpbin.org/put”) # PUT请求 4 requests.delete(“http://httpbin.org/delete”) # DELETE请求 5 requests.head(“http://httpbin.org/get”) # HEAD请求 6 requests.options(“http://httpbin.org/get” ) # OPTIONS请求
3)为url传递参数
>>> url_params = {'key':'value'} # 字典传递参数,如果值为None的键不会被添加到url中 >>> r = requests.get('your url',params = url_params) >>> print(r.url) your url?key=value
4)响应的内容
r.encoding #获取当前的编码 r.encoding = 'utf-8' #设置编码 r.text #以encoding解析返回内容。字符串方式的响应体,会自动根据响应头部的字符编码进行解码。 r.content #以字节形式(二进制)返回。字节方式的响应体,会自动为你解码 gzip 和 deflate 压缩。 r.headers #以字典对象存储服务器响应头,但是这个字典比较特殊,字典键不区分大小写,若键不存在则返回None r.status_code #响应状态码 r.raw #返回原始响应体,也就是 urllib 的 response 对象,使用 r.raw.read() r.ok # 查看r.ok的布尔值便可以知道是否登陆成功 #*特殊方法*# r.json() #Requests中内置的JSON解码器,以json形式返回,前提返回的内容确保是json格式的,不然解析出错会抛异常 r.raise_for_status() #失败请求(非200响应)抛出异常
post发送json请求:
1 import requests 2 import json 3 4 r = requests.post('https://api.github.com/some/endpoint', data=json.dumps({'some': 'data'})) 5 print(r.json())
5)定制头和cookie信息
header = {'user-agent': 'my-app/0.0.1''} cookie = {'key':'value'} r = requests.get/post('your url',headers=header,cookies=cookie)
data = {'some': 'data'} headers = {'content-type': 'application/json', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:22.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/22.0'} r = requests.post('https://api.github.com/some/endpoint', data=data, headers=headers) print(r.text)
6)响应状态码
使用requests方法后,会返回一个response对象,其存储了服务器响应的内容,如上实例中已经提到的 r.text、r.status_code……
获取文本方式的响应体实例:当你访问 r.text 之时,会使用其响应的文本编码进行解码,并且你可以修改其编码让 r.text 使用自定义的编码进行解码。
1 r = requests.get('http://www.itwhy.org') 2 print(r.text, '\n{}\n'.format('*'*79), r.encoding) 3 r.encoding = 'GBK' 4 print(r.text, '\n{}\n'.format('*'*79), r.encoding)
示例代码:
1 import requests 2 3 r = requests.get('https://github.com/Ranxf') # 最基本的不带参数的get请求 4 print(r.status_code) # 获取返回状态 5 r1 = requests.get(url='http://dict.baidu.com/s', params={'wd': 'python'}) # 带参数的get请求 6 print(r1.url) 7 print(r1.text) # 打印解码后的返回数据
运行结果:
/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/rxf/python3_1000/1000/python3_server/python3_requests/demo1.py 200 http://dict.baidu.com/s?wd=python ………… Process finished with exit code 0
r.status_code #如果不是200,可以使用 r.raise_for_status() 抛出异常
7)响应
r.headers #返回字典类型,头信息 r.requests.headers #返回发送到服务器的头信息 r.cookies #返回cookie r.history #返回重定向信息,当然可以在请求是加上allow_redirects = false 阻止重定向
8)超时
r = requests.get('url',timeout=1) #设置秒数超时,仅对于连接有效
9)会话对象,能够跨请求保持某些参数
s = requests.Session() s.auth = ('auth','passwd') s.headers = {'key':'value'} r = s.get('url') r1 = s.get('url1')
10)代理
proxies = {'http':'ip1','https':'ip2' } requests.get('url',proxies=proxies)
汇总:
# HTTP请求类型 # get类型 r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json') # post类型 r = requests.post("http://m.ctrip.com/post") # put类型 r = requests.put("http://m.ctrip.com/put") # delete类型 r = requests.delete("http://m.ctrip.com/delete") # head类型 r = requests.head("http://m.ctrip.com/head") # options类型 r = requests.options("http://m.ctrip.com/get") # 获取响应内容 print(r.content) #以字节的方式去显示,中文显示为字符 print(r.text) #以文本的方式去显示 #URL传递参数 payload = {'keyword': '香港', 'salecityid': '2'} r = requests.get("http://m.ctrip.com/webapp/tourvisa/visa_list", params=payload) print(r.url) #示例为http://m.ctrip.com/webapp/tourvisa/visa_list?salecityid=2&keyword=香港 #获取/修改网页编码 r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json') print (r.encoding) #json处理 r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json') print(r.json()) # 需要先import json # 定制请求头 url = 'http://m.ctrip.com' headers = {'User-Agent' : 'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 4.2.1; en-us; Nexus 4 Build/JOP40D) AppleWebKit/535.19 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/18.0.1025.166 Mobile Safari/535.19'} r = requests.post(url, headers=headers) print (r.request.headers) #复杂post请求 url = 'http://m.ctrip.com' payload = {'some': 'data'} r = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload)) #如果传递的payload是string而不是dict,需要先调用dumps方法格式化一下 # post多部分编码文件 url = 'http://m.ctrip.com' files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')} r = requests.post(url, files=files) # 响应状态码 r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com') print(r.status_code) # 响应头 r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com') print (r.headers) print (r.headers['Content-Type']) print (r.headers.get('content-type')) #访问响应头部分内容的两种方式 # Cookies url = 'http://example.com/some/cookie/setting/url' r = requests.get(url) r.cookies['example_cookie_name'] #读取cookies url = 'http://m.ctrip.com/cookies' cookies = dict(cookies_are='working') r = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies) #发送cookies #设置超时时间 r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com', timeout=0.001) #设置访问代理 proxies = { "http": "http://10.10.1.10:3128", "https": "http://10.10.1.100:4444", } r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com', proxies=proxies) #如果代理需要用户名和密码,则需要这样: proxies = { "http": "http://user:pass@10.10.1.10:3128/", }
# HTTP请求类型 # get类型 r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json') # post类型 r = requests.post("http://m.ctrip.com/post") # put类型 r = requests.put("http://m.ctrip.com/put") # delete类型 r = requests.delete("http://m.ctrip.com/delete") # head类型 r = requests.head("http://m.ctrip.com/head") # options类型 r = requests.options("http://m.ctrip.com/get") # 获取响应内容 print(r.content) #以字节的方式去显示,中文显示为字符 print(r.text) #以文本的方式去显示 #URL传递参数 payload = {'keyword': '香港', 'salecityid': '2'} r = requests.get("http://m.ctrip.com/webapp/tourvisa/visa_list", params=payload) print(r.url) #示例为http://m.ctrip.com/webapp/tourvisa/visa_list?salecityid=2&keyword=香港 #获取/修改网页编码 r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json') print (r.encoding) #json处理 r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json') print(r.json()) # 需要先import json # 定制请求头 url = 'http://m.ctrip.com' headers = {'User-Agent' : 'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 4.2.1; en-us; Nexus 4 Build/JOP40D) AppleWebKit/535.19 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/18.0.1025.166 Mobile Safari/535.19'} r = requests.post(url, headers=headers) print (r.request.headers) #复杂post请求 url = 'http://m.ctrip.com' payload = {'some': 'data'} r = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload)) #如果传递的payload是string而不是dict,需要先调用dumps方法格式化一下 # post多部分编码文件 url = 'http://m.ctrip.com' files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')} r = requests.post(url, files=files) # 响应状态码 r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com') print(r.status_code) # 响应头 r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com') print (r.headers) print (r.headers['Content-Type']) print (r.headers.get('content-type')) #访问响应头部分内容的两种方式 # Cookies url = 'http://example.com/some/cookie/setting/url' r = requests.get(url) r.cookies['example_cookie_name'] #读取cookies url = 'http://m.ctrip.com/cookies' cookies = dict(cookies_are='working') r = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies) #发送cookies #设置超时时间 r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com', timeout=0.001) #设置访问代理 proxies = { "http": "http://10.10.1.10:3128", "https": "http://10.10.1.100:4444", } r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com', proxies=proxies) #如果代理需要用户名和密码,则需要这样: proxies = { "http": "http://user:pass@10.10.1.10:3128/", }
3、示例代码
GET请求
1 # 1、无参数实例 2 3 import requests 4 5 ret = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json') 6 7 print(ret.url) 8 print(ret.text) 9 10 11 12 # 2、有参数实例 13 14 import requests 15 16 payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'} 17 ret = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", params=payload) 18 19 print(ret.url) 20 print(ret.text)
POST请求
# 1、基本POST实例 import requests payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'} ret = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=payload) print(ret.text) # 2、发送请求头和数据实例 import requests import json url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint' payload = {'some': 'data'} headers = {'content-type': 'application/json'} ret = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload), headers=headers) print(ret.text) print(ret.cookies)
请求参数
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
json请求:
#! /usr/bin/python3 import requests import json class url_request(): def __init__(self): ''' init ''' if __name__ == '__main__': heard = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'} payload = {'CountryName': '中国', 'ProvinceName': '四川省', 'L1CityName': 'chengdu', 'L2CityName': 'yibing', 'TownName': '', 'Longitude': '107.33393', 'Latitude': '33.157131', 'Language': 'CN'} r = requests.post("http://www.xxxxxx.com/CityLocation/json/LBSLocateCity", heards=heard, data=payload) data = r.json() if r.status_code!=200: print('LBSLocateCity API Error' + str(r.status_code)) print(data['CityEntities'][0]['CityID']) # 打印返回json中的某个key的value print(data['ResponseStatus']['Ack']) print(json.dump(data, indent=4, sort_keys=True, ensure_ascii=False)) # 树形打印json,ensure_ascii必须设为False否则中文会显示为unicode
Xml请求:
#! /usr/bin/python3 import requests class url_request(): def __init__(self): """init""" if __name__ == '__main__': heards = {'Content-type': 'text/xml'} XML = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"><soap:Body><Request xmlns="http://tempuri.org/"><jme><JobClassFullName>WeChatJSTicket.JobWS.Job.JobRefreshTicket,WeChatJSTicket.JobWS</JobClassFullName><Action>RUN</Action><Param>1</Param><HostIP>127.0.0.1</HostIP><JobInfo>1</JobInfo><NeedParallel>false</NeedParallel></jme></Request></soap:Body></soap:Envelope>' url = 'http://jobws.push.mobile.xxxxxxxx.com/RefreshWeiXInTokenJob/RefreshService.asmx' r = requests.post(url=url, heards=heards, data=XML) data = r.text print(data)
状态异常处理
import requests URL = 'http://ip.taobao.com/service/getIpInfo.php' # 淘宝IP地址库API try: r = requests.get(URL, params={'ip': '8.8.8.8'}, timeout=1) r.raise_for_status() # 如果响应状态码不是 200,就主动抛出异常 except requests.RequestException as e: print(e) else: result = r.json() print(type(result), result, sep='\n')
上传文件
使用request模块,也可以上传文件,文件的类型会自动进行处理:
import requests url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8080/upload' files = {'file': open('/home/rxf/test.jpg', 'rb')} #files = {'file': ('report.jpg', open('/home/lyb/sjzl.mpg', 'rb'))} #显式的设置文件名 r = requests.post(url, files=files) print(r.text)
request更加方便的是,可以把字符串当作文件进行上传:
import requests url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8080/upload' files = {'file': ('test.txt', b'Hello Requests.')} #必需显式的设置文件名 r = requests.post(url, files=files) print(r.text)
6) 身份验证
基本身份认证(HTTP Basic Auth)
import requests from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth r = requests.get('https://httpbin.org/hidden-basic-auth/user/passwd', auth=HTTPBasicAuth('user', 'passwd')) # r = requests.get('https://httpbin.org/hidden-basic-auth/user/passwd', auth=('user', 'passwd')) # 简写 print(r.json())
另一种非常流行的HTTP身份认证形式是摘要式身份认证,Requests对它的支持也是开箱即可用的:
requests.get(URL, auth=HTTPDigestAuth('user', 'pass')
Cookies与会话对象
如果某个响应中包含一些Cookie,你可以快速访问它们:
import requests r = requests.get('http://www.google.com.hk/') print(r.cookies['NID']) print(tuple(r.cookies))
要想发送你的cookies到服务器,可以使用 cookies 参数:
import requests url = 'http://httpbin.org/cookies' cookies = {'testCookies_1': 'Hello_Python3', 'testCookies_2': 'Hello_Requests'} # 在Cookie Version 0中规定空格、方括号、圆括号、等于号、逗号、双引号、斜杠、问号、@,冒号,分号等特殊符号都不能作为Cookie的内容。 r = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies) print(r.json())
会话对象让你能够跨请求保持某些参数,最方便的是在同一个Session实例发出的所有请求之间保持cookies,且这些都是自动处理的,甚是方便。
下面就来一个真正的实例,如下是快盘签到脚本:
import requests headers = {'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, compress', 'Accept-Language': 'en-us;q=0.5,en;q=0.3', 'Cache-Control': 'max-age=0', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:22.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/22.0'} s = requests.Session() s.headers.update(headers) # s.auth = ('superuser', '123') s.get('https://www.kuaipan.cn/account_login.htm') _URL = 'http://www.kuaipan.cn/index.php' s.post(_URL, params={'ac':'account', 'op':'login'}, data={'username':'****@foxmail.com', 'userpwd':'********', 'isajax':'yes'}) r = s.get(_URL, params={'ac':'zone', 'op':'taskdetail'}) print(r.json()) s.get(_URL, params={'ac':'common', 'op':'usersign'})
requests模块抓取网页源码并保存到文件示例
这是一个基本的文件保存操作,但这里有几个值得注意的问题:
1.安装requests包,命令行输入pip install requests即可自动安装。很多人推荐使用requests,自带的urllib.request也可以抓取网页源码
2.open方法encoding参数设为utf-8,否则保存的文件会出现乱码。
3.如果直接在cmd中输出抓取的内容,会提示各种编码错误,所以保存到文件查看。
4.with open方法是更好的写法,可以自动操作完毕后释放资源
#! /urs/bin/python3 import requests '''requests模块抓取网页源码并保存到文件示例''' html = requests.get("http://www.baidu.com") with open('test.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f: f.write(html.text) '''读取一个txt文件,每次读取一行,并保存到另一个txt文件中的示例''' ff = open('testt.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8') with open('test.txt', encoding="utf-8") as f: for line in f: ff.write(line) ff.close()
因为在命令行中打印每次读取一行的数据,中文会出现编码错误,所以每次读取一行并保存到另一个文件,这样来测试读取是否正常。(注意open的时候制定encoding编码方式)
自动登陆"示例:
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import requests # ############## 方式一 ############## """ # ## 1、首先登陆任何页面,获取cookie i1 = requests.get(url="http://dig.chouti.com/help/service") i1_cookies = i1.cookies.get_dict() # ## 2、用户登陆,携带上一次的cookie,后台对cookie中的 gpsd 进行授权 i2 = requests.post( url="http://dig.chouti.com/login", data={ 'phone': "8615131255089", 'password': "xxooxxoo", 'oneMonth': "" }, cookies=i1_cookies ) # ## 3、点赞(只需要携带已经被授权的gpsd即可) gpsd = i1_cookies['gpsd'] i3 = requests.post( url="http://dig.chouti.com/link/vote?linksId=8589523", cookies={'gpsd': gpsd} ) print(i3.text) """ # ############## 方式二 ############## """ import requests session = requests.Session() i1 = session.get(url="http://dig.chouti.com/help/service") i2 = session.post( url="http://dig.chouti.com/login", data={ 'phone': "8615131255089", 'password': "xxooxxoo", 'oneMonth': "" } ) i3 = session.post( url="http://dig.chouti.com/link/vote?linksId=8589523" ) print(i3.text) """ 抽屉新热榜
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup # ############## 方式一 ############## # # # 1. 访问登陆页面,获取 authenticity_token # i1 = requests.get('https://github.com/login') # soup1 = BeautifulSoup(i1.text, features='lxml') # tag = soup1.find(name='input', attrs={'name': 'authenticity_token'}) # authenticity_token = tag.get('value') # c1 = i1.cookies.get_dict() # i1.close() # # # 1. 携带authenticity_token和用户名密码等信息,发送用户验证 # form_data = { # "authenticity_token": authenticity_token, # "utf8": "", # "commit": "Sign in", # "login": "wupeiqi@live.com", # 'password': 'xxoo' # } # # i2 = requests.post('https://github.com/session', data=form_data, cookies=c1) # c2 = i2.cookies.get_dict() # c1.update(c2) # i3 = requests.get('https://github.com/settings/repositories', cookies=c1) # # soup3 = BeautifulSoup(i3.text, features='lxml') # list_group = soup3.find(name='div', class_='listgroup') # # from bs4.element import Tag # # for child in list_group.children: # if isinstance(child, Tag): # project_tag = child.find(name='a', class_='mr-1') # size_tag = child.find(name='small') # temp = "项目:%s(%s); 项目路径:%s" % (project_tag.get('href'), size_tag.string, project_tag.string, ) # print(temp) # ############## 方式二 ############## # session = requests.Session() # # 1. 访问登陆页面,获取 authenticity_token # i1 = session.get('https://github.com/login') # soup1 = BeautifulSoup(i1.text, features='lxml') # tag = soup1.find(name='input', attrs={'name': 'authenticity_token'}) # authenticity_token = tag.get('value') # c1 = i1.cookies.get_dict() # i1.close() # # # 1. 携带authenticity_token和用户名密码等信息,发送用户验证 # form_data = { # "authenticity_token": authenticity_token, # "utf8": "", # "commit": "Sign in", # "login": "wupeiqi@live.com", # 'password': 'xxoo' # } # # i2 = session.post('https://github.com/session', data=form_data) # c2 = i2.cookies.get_dict() # c1.update(c2) # i3 = session.get('https://github.com/settings/repositories') # # soup3 = BeautifulSoup(i3.text, features='lxml') # list_group = soup3.find(name='div', class_='listgroup') # # from bs4.element import Tag # # for child in list_group.children: # if isinstance(child, Tag): # project_tag = child.find(name='a', class_='mr-1') # size_tag = child.find(name='small') # temp = "项目:%s(%s); 项目路径:%s" % (project_tag.get('href'), size_tag.string, project_tag.string, ) # print(temp) github
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import time import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup session = requests.Session() i1 = session.get( url='https://www.zhihu.com/#signin', headers={ 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36', } ) soup1 = BeautifulSoup(i1.text, 'lxml') xsrf_tag = soup1.find(name='input', attrs={'name': '_xsrf'}) xsrf = xsrf_tag.get('value') current_time = time.time() i2 = session.get( url='https://www.zhihu.com/captcha.gif', params={'r': current_time, 'type': 'login'}, headers={ 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36', }) with open('zhihu.gif', 'wb') as f: f.write(i2.content) captcha = input('请打开zhihu.gif文件,查看并输入验证码:') form_data = { "_xsrf": xsrf, 'password': 'xxooxxoo', "captcha": 'captcha', 'email': '424662508@qq.com' } i3 = session.post( url='https://www.zhihu.com/login/email', data=form_data, headers={ 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36', } ) i4 = session.get( url='https://www.zhihu.com/settings/profile', headers={ 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36', } ) soup4 = BeautifulSoup(i4.text, 'lxml') tag = soup4.find(id='rename-section') nick_name = tag.find('span',class_='name').string print(nick_name) 知乎
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import re import json import base64 import rsa import requests def js_encrypt(text): b64der = 'MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCp0wHYbg/NOPO3nzMD3dndwS0MccuMeXCHgVlGOoYyFwLdS24Im2e7YyhB0wrUsyYf0/nhzCzBK8ZC9eCWqd0aHbdgOQT6CuFQBMjbyGYvlVYU2ZP7kG9Ft6YV6oc9ambuO7nPZh+bvXH0zDKfi02prknrScAKC0XhadTHT3Al0QIDAQAB' der = base64.standard_b64decode(b64der) pk = rsa.PublicKey.load_pkcs1_openssl_der(der) v1 = rsa.encrypt(bytes(text, 'utf8'), pk) value = base64.encodebytes(v1).replace(b'\n', b'') value = value.decode('utf8') return value session = requests.Session() i1 = session.get('https://passport.cnblogs.com/user/signin') rep = re.compile("'VerificationToken': '(.*)'") v = re.search(rep, i1.text) verification_token = v.group(1) form_data = { 'input1': js_encrypt('wptawy'), 'input2': js_encrypt('asdfasdf'), 'remember': False } i2 = session.post(url='https://passport.cnblogs.com/user/signin', data=json.dumps(form_data), headers={ 'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=UTF-8', 'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest', 'VerificationToken': verification_token} ) i3 = session.get(url='https://i.cnblogs.com/EditDiary.aspx') print(i3.text) 博客园
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import requests # 第一步:访问登陆页,拿到X_Anti_Forge_Token,X_Anti_Forge_Code # 1、请求url:https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html # 2、请求方法:GET # 3、请求头: # User-agent r1 = requests.get('https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html', headers={ 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36', }, ) X_Anti_Forge_Token = re.findall("X_Anti_Forge_Token = '(.*?)'", r1.text, re.S)[0] X_Anti_Forge_Code = re.findall("X_Anti_Forge_Code = '(.*?)'", r1.text, re.S)[0] print(X_Anti_Forge_Token, X_Anti_Forge_Code) # print(r1.cookies.get_dict()) # 第二步:登陆 # 1、请求url:https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.json # 2、请求方法:POST # 3、请求头: # cookie # User-agent # Referer:https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html # X-Anit-Forge-Code:53165984 # X-Anit-Forge-Token:3b6a2f62-80f0-428b-8efb-ef72fc100d78 # X-Requested-With:XMLHttpRequest # 4、请求体: # isValidate:true # username:15131252215 # password:ab18d270d7126ea65915c50288c22c0d # request_form_verifyCode:'' # submit:'' r2 = requests.post( 'https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.json', headers={ 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36', 'Referer': 'https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html', 'X-Anit-Forge-Code': X_Anti_Forge_Code, 'X-Anit-Forge-Token': X_Anti_Forge_Token, 'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest' }, data={ "isValidate": True, 'username': '15131255089', 'password': 'ab18d270d7126ea65915c50288c22c0d', 'request_form_verifyCode': '', 'submit': '' }, cookies=r1.cookies.get_dict() ) print(r2.text) 拉勾网