Prometheus文档--3安装与配置

安装

安装可参考我之前的博客链接

配置文件

如果要加载指定的配置文件，可以使用--config.file参数，如下配置示例文件可作为参考

# my global config
global:
  scrape_interval: 15s
  evaluation_interval: 30s
  # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).

  external_labels:
    monitor: codelab
    foo: bar

rule_files:
  - "first.rules"
  - "my/*.rules"

remote_write:
  - url: http://remote1/push
    name: drop_expensive
    write_relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__name__]
        regex: expensive.*
        action: drop
    oauth2:
      client_id: "123"
      client_secret: "456"
      token_url: "http://remote1/auth"
      tls_config:
        cert_file: valid_cert_file
        key_file: valid_key_file

  - url: http://remote2/push
    name: rw_tls
    tls_config:
      cert_file: valid_cert_file
      key_file: valid_key_file
    headers:
      name: value

remote_read:
  - url: http://remote1/read
    read_recent: true
    name: default
    enable_http2: false
  - url: http://remote3/read
    read_recent: false
    name: read_special
    required_matchers:
      job: special
    tls_config:
      cert_file: valid_cert_file
      key_file: valid_key_file

scrape_configs:
  - job_name: prometheus

    honor_labels: true
    # scrape_interval is defined by the configured global (15s).
    # scrape_timeout is defined by the global default (10s).

    # metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
    # scheme defaults to 'http'.

    file_sd_configs:
      - files:
          - foo/*.slow.json
          - foo/*.slow.yml
          - single/file.yml
        refresh_interval: 10m
      - files:
          - bar/*.yaml

    static_configs:
      - targets: ["localhost:9090", "localhost:9191"]
        labels:
          my: label
          your: label

    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [job, __meta_dns_name]
        regex: (.*)some-[regex]
        target_label: job
        replacement: foo-${1}
        # action defaults to 'replace'
      - source_labels: [abc]
        target_label: cde
      - replacement: static
        target_label: abc
      - regex:
        replacement: static
        target_label: abc
      - source_labels: [foo]
        target_label: abc
        action: keepequal
      - source_labels: [foo]
        target_label: abc
        action: dropequal

    authorization:
      credentials_file: valid_token_file

    tls_config:
      min_version: TLS10

  - job_name: service-x

    basic_auth:
      username: admin_name
      password: "multiline\nmysecret\ntest"

    scrape_interval: 50s
    scrape_timeout: 5s

    body_size_limit: 10MB
    sample_limit: 1000

    metrics_path: /my_path
    scheme: https

    dns_sd_configs:
      - refresh_interval: 15s
        names:
          - first.dns.address.domain.com
          - second.dns.address.domain.com
      - names:
          - first.dns.address.domain.com

    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [job]
        regex: (.*)some-[regex]
        action: drop
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        modulus: 8
        target_label: __tmp_hash
        action: hashmod
      - source_labels: [__tmp_hash]
        regex: 1
        action: keep
      - action: labelmap
        regex: 1
      - action: labeldrop
        regex: d
      - action: labelkeep
        regex: k

    metric_relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__name__]
        regex: expensive_metric.*
        action: drop

  - job_name: service-y

    consul_sd_configs:
      - server: "localhost:1234"
        token: mysecret
        services: ["nginx", "cache", "mysql"]
        tags: ["canary", "v1"]
        node_meta:
          rack: "123"
        allow_stale: true
        scheme: https
        tls_config:
          ca_file: valid_ca_file
          cert_file: valid_cert_file
          key_file: valid_key_file
          insecure_skip_verify: false

    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_sd_consul_tags]
        separator: ","
        regex: label:([^=]+)=([^,]+)
        target_label: ${1}
        replacement: ${2}

  - job_name: service-z

    tls_config:
      cert_file: valid_cert_file
      key_file: valid_key_file

    authorization:
      credentials: mysecret

  - job_name: service-kubernetes

    kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
        api_server: "https://localhost:1234"
        tls_config:
          cert_file: valid_cert_file
          key_file: valid_key_file

        basic_auth:
          username: "myusername"
          password: "mysecret"

  - job_name: service-kubernetes-namespaces

    kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
        api_server: "https://localhost:1234"
        namespaces:
          names:
            - default

    basic_auth:
      username: "myusername"
      password_file: valid_password_file

  - job_name: service-kuma

    kuma_sd_configs:
      - server: http://kuma-control-plane.kuma-system.svc:5676

  - job_name: service-marathon
    marathon_sd_configs:
      - servers:
          - "https://marathon.example.com:443"

        auth_token: "mysecret"
        tls_config:
          cert_file: valid_cert_file
          key_file: valid_key_file

  - job_name: service-nomad
    nomad_sd_configs:
      - server: 'http://localhost:4646'

  - job_name: service-ec2
    ec2_sd_configs:
      - region: us-east-1
        access_key: access
        secret_key: mysecret
        profile: profile
        filters:
          - name: tag:environment
            values:
              - prod

          - name: tag:service
            values:
              - web
              - db

  - job_name: service-lightsail
    lightsail_sd_configs:
      - region: us-east-1
        access_key: access
        secret_key: mysecret
        profile: profile

  - job_name: service-azure
    azure_sd_configs:
      - environment: AzurePublicCloud
        authentication_method: OAuth
        subscription_id: 11AAAA11-A11A-111A-A111-1111A1111A11
        resource_group: my-resource-group
        tenant_id: BBBB222B-B2B2-2B22-B222-2BB2222BB2B2
        client_id: 333333CC-3C33-3333-CCC3-33C3CCCCC33C
        client_secret: mysecret
        port: 9100

  - job_name: service-nerve
    nerve_sd_configs:
      - servers:
          - localhost
        paths:
          - /monitoring

  - job_name: 0123service-xxx
    metrics_path: /metrics
    static_configs:
      - targets:
          - localhost:9090

  - job_name: badfederation
    honor_timestamps: false
    metrics_path: /federate
    static_configs:
      - targets:
          - localhost:9090

  - job_name: œyÔ‡
    metrics_path: /metrics
    static_configs:
      - targets:
          - localhost:9090

  - job_name: httpsd
    http_sd_configs:
      - url: "http://example.com/prometheus"

  - job_name: service-triton
    triton_sd_configs:
      - account: "testAccount"
        dns_suffix: "triton.example.com"
        endpoint: "triton.example.com"
        port: 9163
        refresh_interval: 1m
        version: 1
        tls_config:
          cert_file: valid_cert_file
          key_file: valid_key_file

  - job_name: digitalocean-droplets
    digitalocean_sd_configs:
      - authorization:
          credentials: abcdef

  - job_name: docker
    docker_sd_configs:
      - host: unix:///var/run/docker.sock

  - job_name: dockerswarm
    dockerswarm_sd_configs:
      - host: http://127.0.0.1:2375
        role: nodes

  - job_name: service-openstack
    openstack_sd_configs:
      - role: instance
        region: RegionOne
        port: 80
        refresh_interval: 1m
        tls_config:
          ca_file: valid_ca_file
          cert_file: valid_cert_file
          key_file: valid_key_file

  - job_name: service-puppetdb
    puppetdb_sd_configs:
      - url: https://puppetserver/
        query: 'resources { type = "Package" and title = "httpd" }'
        include_parameters: true
        port: 80
        refresh_interval: 1m
        tls_config:
          ca_file: valid_ca_file
          cert_file: valid_cert_file
          key_file: valid_key_file

  - job_name: hetzner
    relabel_configs:
      - action: uppercase
        source_labels: [instance]
        target_label: instance
    hetzner_sd_configs:
      - role: hcloud
        authorization:
          credentials: abcdef
      - role: robot
        basic_auth:
          username: abcdef
          password: abcdef

  - job_name: service-eureka
    eureka_sd_configs:
      - server: "http://eureka.example.com:8761/eureka"

  - job_name: ovhcloud
    ovhcloud_sd_configs:
      - service: vps
        endpoint: ovh-eu
        application_key: testAppKey
        application_secret: testAppSecret
        consumer_key: testConsumerKey
        refresh_interval: 1m
      - service: dedicated_server
        endpoint: ovh-eu
        application_key: testAppKey
        application_secret: testAppSecret
        consumer_key: testConsumerKey
        refresh_interval: 1m

  - job_name: scaleway
    scaleway_sd_configs:
      - role: instance
        project_id: 11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111112
        access_key: SCWXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
        secret_key: 11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111
      - role: baremetal
        project_id: 11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111112
        access_key: SCWXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
        secret_key: 11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111

  - job_name: linode-instances
    linode_sd_configs:
      - authorization:
          credentials: abcdef

  - job_name: uyuni
    uyuni_sd_configs:
      - server: https://localhost:1234
        username: gopher
        password: hole

  - job_name: ionos
    ionos_sd_configs:
      - datacenter_id: 8feda53f-15f0-447f-badf-ebe32dad2fc0
        authorization:
          credentials: abcdef

  - job_name: vultr
    vultr_sd_configs:
      - authorization:
          credentials: abcdef

alerting:
  alertmanagers:
    - scheme: https
      static_configs:
        - targets:
            - "1.2.3.4:9093"
            - "1.2.3.5:9093"
            - "1.2.3.6:9093"

storage:
  tsdb:
    out_of_order_time_window: 30m

tracing:
  endpoint: "localhost:4317"
  client_type: "grpc"
  headers:
    foo: "bar"
  timeout: 5s
  compression: "gzip"
  tls_config:
    cert_file: valid_cert_file
    key_file: valid_key_file
    insecure_skip_verify: true

 PromQL查询

Prometheus提供了一种名为PromQL（Prometheus Query Language）的功能查询语言，可以让用户实时选择和聚合时间序列数据，表达式的结果可以显示为图形，在Prometheus表达式浏览器中以表格形式查看，或者由外部系统通过HTTP API使用。关于PromQL语法使用也可以参考之前博客相关内容。

表达式语言数据类型

在Prometheus的表达式语言中，表达式或子表达式可以计算为以下四种类型之一：

  • Instant vector：一组时间序列，每个时间序列包含一个样本，所有时间序列共享相同的时间戳。
  • Range vector：一组时间序列，其中包含每个时间序列随时间变化的一系列数据点
  • Scalar：一个简单的浮点值
  • String：一个简单的字符串值；目前未使用

Instant vector

  • =：选择与提供的字符串完全相同的标签
  • !=：选择不等于提供的字符串的标签
  • =~：选择与提供的字符串正则表达式匹配的标签
  • !~：选择与提供的字符串正则表达式不匹配的标签

Range vector

  • ms-毫秒
  • s-秒
  • m-分钟
  • h-小时
  • d-天
  • w-周
  • y-年

修饰符

  • offset：修改查询中各个Instant vector和Range vector的时间偏移；
  • @修饰符：允许更改查询中各个Instant vector和Range vector的评估时间，提供给修饰符的时间@是unix时间戳，并用浮点文字描述。

运算符

Prometheus的查询语言支持基本的逻辑和算数运算符。

二元运算符

  • +（加）
  • -（减）
  • *（乘）
  • /（除）
  • %（取余）
  • ^（幂）

比较运算符

  • ==（相等）
  • !=（不相等）
  • >（大于）
  • <（小于）
  • >=（大于等于）
  • <=（小于等于）

聚合运算符

  • sum（总和）
  • min（最小值）
  • max（最大值）
  • avg（平均值）
  • group（结果向量中的所有值均为1）
  • stddev（计算维度上的总体标准差）
  • stdvar（计算维度上的总体标准方差）
  • count（计算向量中元素的数量）
  • count_values(计算具有相同值的元素数量)
  • bottomk（按样本值计算的最小k个元素）
  • topk（样本值中最大的k个元素）
  • quantile（计算维度上的分位数）

 

posted @ 2023-06-21 15:56  摩天居士-谢烟客  阅读(105)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报