企业级实战模块一：Kubernetes 二进制安装

企业级实战模块一：Kubernetes 二进制安装

1 准备环境

服务器规划信息：

服务器IP服务器名称服务器配置组件
192.168.5.3 k8s-master-01 2C2G kube-apiserver，kube-controller-manager ，kube-scheduler，etcd
192.168.5.4 k8s-node-01 2C2G kubelet，kube-proxy，docker etcd
192.168.5.5 k8s-node-02 2C2G kubelet，kube-proxy，docker etcd

软件版本：

软件版本
操作系统 CentOS 7.9.2009
Docker 19.03.9
Etcd 3.4.9
Kubernetes 1.18.3

2 操作系统初始化配置（所有节点）

# 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld
​
# 关闭selinux
setenforce 0 && sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config  
​
# 关闭swap
swapoff -a && sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
​
# 根据规划设置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node-01 && bash
​
# 将集群节点添加到hosts文件
cat <<EOF>> /etc/hosts 
192.168.5.3 k8s-master-01
192.168.5.4 k8s-node-01
192.168.5.5 k8s-node-02
EOF
​
# 将桥接的IPv4 流量传递到iptables 的链
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system # 生效
​
# 时间同步
yum -y install ntpdate vim git wget && ntpdate time.windows.com
​
# 创建所需文件夹
mkdir -p /usr/local/kubernetes/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl}
mkdir -p /usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}

3 部署Etcd 集群（所有节点）

Etcd 是一个分布式键值存储系统，Kubernetes 使用Etcd 进行数据存储，所以先准备一个Etcd 数据库，为解决Etcd 单点故障，应采用集群方式部署，这里使用 3 台组建集群，可容忍1 台机器故障，当然，你也可以使用5 台组建集群，可容忍2 台机器故障。

服务器名称节点名称IP地址
k8s-master-01 etcd-1 192.168.5.3
k8s-node-01 etcd-2 192.168.5.4
k8s-node-02 etcd-3 192.168.5.5

注：为了节省机器，这里与K8s 节点机器复用。也可以独立于k8s 集群之外部署，只要apiserver 能连接到就行。

3.1 下载cfssl 证书生成工具

cfssl 是一个开源的证书管理工具，使用json 文件生成证书，相比openssl 更方便使用。找任意一台服务器操作，这里用Master 节点。

# 官网下载
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
​
# 添加执行权限
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
​
# 修改文件名并添加到系统执行目录
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo

注：部分可能因为网络因素无法下载证书工具，需要自行解决外网下载问题，如果无法解决，也可以使用以下地址进行下载

wget https://cunqi0105-1300757323.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/configuration-file/cfssl.tar.gz

3.2 生成Etcd 证书

1）自签证书颁发机构（CA）

创建工作目录：

mkdir -p /usr/local/kubernetes/TLS/{etcd,k8s}
​
cd /usr/local/kubernetes/TLS/etcd

自签CA证书：

cat <<EOF> /usr/local/kubernetes/TLS/etcd/ca-config.json
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "www": {
        "expiry": "87600h",
        "usages": [
          "signing",
          "key encipherment",
          "server auth",
          "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF
​
cat <<EOF> /usr/local/kubernetes/TLS/etcd/ca-csr.json
{
    "CN": "etcd CA",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

生成证书：

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca - && ls *.pem

image-20211011110951030

2）使用自签CA 签发Etcd HTTPS 证书

创建证书申请文件：

cat <<EOF> /usr/local/kubernetes/TLS/etcd/server-csr.json
{
    "CN": "etcd",
    "hosts": [
    "192.168.5.3",
    "192.168.5.4",
    "192.168.5.5"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "ST": "BeiJing"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

注：上述文件hosts 字段中IP 为所有etcd 节点的集群内部通信IP，一个都不能少！为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。

生成证书：

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server && ls server*.pem

image-20211011111640073

3.3 下载Etcd二进制文件

cd /root/ && wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.9/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz

个人收集：

cd /root/ && wget https://cunqi0105-1300757323.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/install-pkg/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz

3.4 创建工作目录并解压二进制包

tar -zxvf etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz && mv etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /usr/local/kubernetes/etcd/bin/

3.5 拷贝证书

把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径：

cp /usr/local/kubernetes/TLS/etcd/ca*pem /usr/local/kubernetes/etcd/ssl/

cp /usr/local/kubernetes/TLS/etcd/server*pem /usr/local/kubernetes/etcd/ssl/

image-20211011145626970

3.6 创建etcd 配置文件

cat <<EOF> /usr/local/kubernetes/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf 
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.5.3:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.5.3:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.5.3:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.5.3:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.5.3:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.5.4:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.5.5:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF

  • ETCD_NAME：节点名称，集群中唯一

  • ETCD_DATA_DIR：数据目录

  • ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS：集群通信监听地址

  • ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS：客户端访问监听地址

  • ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS：集群通告地址

  • ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS：客户端通告地址

  • ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER：集群节点地址

  • ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN：集群Token

  • ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE：加入集群的当前状态，new 是新集群，existing 表示加入已有集群

3.7 systemd 管理etcd

cat <<EOF> /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/usr/local/kubernetes/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/kubernetes/etcd/bin/etcd \
--cert-file=/usr/local/kubernetes/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/usr/local/kubernetes/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/usr/local/kubernetes/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/usr/local/kubernetes/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/usr/local/kubernetes/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/usr/local/kubernetes/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--logger=zap
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

3.8 分发配置文件

scp -r /usr/local/kubernetes/etcd root@192.168.5.4:/usr/local/kubernetes

scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.5.4:/usr/lib/systemd/system/

scp -r /usr/local/kubernetes/etcd root@192.168.5.5:/usr/local/kubernetes

scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.5.5:/usr/lib/systemd/system/

然后在节点2 和节点3 分别修改etcd.conf 配置文件中的节点名称和当前服务器IP：

vim /usr/local/kubernetes/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-2"				# 修改此处，节点2 改为etcd-2，节点3 改为etcd-3
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.5.4:2380"			# 修改此处为当前服务器
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.5.4:2379"			# 修改此处为当前服务器
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.5.4:2380"			# 修改此处为当前服务器
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.5.4:2379"				# 修改此处为当前服务器
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.5.3:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.5.4:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.5.5:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

3.9 启动并设置开机启动（所有服务器同时启动）

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart etcd && systemctl enable etcd && systemctl status etcd

3.10 查看集群状态

/usr/local/kubernetes/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/usr/local/kubernetes/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/usr/local/kubernetes/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/usr/local/kubernetes/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.5.3:2379,https://192.168.5.4:2379,https://192.168.5.5:2379" endpoint health

image-20211011135046176

如果输出上面信息，就说明集群部署成功。如果有问题第一步先看日志：/var/log/message 或journalctl -u etcd

4 安装Docker（所有节点）

4.1 下载Docker二进制文件

cd /root && wget https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-19.03.9.tgz

个人收集：

cd /root && wget https://cunqi0105-1300757323.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/install-pkg/docker-19.03.9.tgz

4.2 解压二进制包

tar -zxvf docker-19.03.9.tgz && mv docker/* /usr/bin

4.3 systemd 管理docker

cat <<EOF> /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

4.4 添加阿里云镜像加速

mkdir /etc/docker

cat <<EOF> /etc/docker/daemon.json 
{
    "registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF

4.5 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start docker && systemctl enable docker && systemctl status docker

5 部署Master（Master节点操作）

5.1 生成kube-apiserver 证书

1）自签证书颁发机构（CA）

cd /usr/local/kubernetes/TLS/k8s

cat <<EOF> /usr/local/kubernetes/TLS/k8s/ca-config.json
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "kubernetes": {
        "expiry": "87600h",
        "usages": [
          "signing",
          "key encipherment",
          "server auth",
          "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF

cat <<EOF> /usr/local/kubernetes/TLS/k8s/ca-csr.json
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

2）生成证书

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -ls *pem && ls*.pem

image-20211011142225380

3）使用自签CA 签发kube-apiserver HTTPS 证书

创建证书申请文件：

cat <<EOF> /usr/local/kubernetes/TLS/k8s/server-csr.json
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "hosts": [
    "10.0.0.1",
    "127.0.0.1",
    "192.168.5.3",
    "192.168.5.4",
    "192.168.5.5",
    "kubernetes",
    "kubernetes.default",
    "kubernetes.default.svc",
    "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
    "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "ST": "BeiJing",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

4）生成证书

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server && ls server*.pem

image-20211011142256809

5.2 下载kubernetes-server二进制文件

https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.18.md#v1183

注：打开链接你会发现里面有很多包，下载一个server 包就够了，包含了Master 和Worker Node 二进制文件。

cd /root && wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.18.3/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz

注：部分可能因为网络因素无法下载证书工具，需要自行解决外网下载问题，如果无法解决，可以使用以下地址进行下载

wget https://cunqi0105-1300757323.cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com/install-pkg/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar

5.3 解压二进制包

mkdir -p /usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}

tar -zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz && cd kubernetes/server/bin

cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager /usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/bin && cp kubectl /usr/bin/

5.4 部署kube-apiserver

1）创建配置文件

cat <<EOF> /usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf 
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/logs \\
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.5.3:2379,https://192.168.5.4:2379,https://192.168.5.5:2379 \\
--bind-address=192.168.5.3 \\
--secure-port=6443 \\
--advertise-address=192.168.5.3 \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \\
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \\
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \\
--token-auth-file=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \\
--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \\
--kubelet-client-certificate=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--kubelet-client-key=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--tls-cert-file=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--tls-private-key-file=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--client-ca-file=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-key-file=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--etcd-cafile=/usr/local/kubernetes/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \\
--etcd-certfile=/usr/local/kubernetes/etcd/ssl/server.pem \\
--etcd-keyfile=/usr/local/kubernetes/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--audit-log-maxage=30 \\
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \\
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \\
--audit-log-path=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log"
EOF

注：上面两个\ \ 第一个是转义符，第二个是换行符，使用转义符是为了使用EOF 保留换行符。

  • –logtostderr：启用日志

  • —v：日志等级

  • –log-dir：日志目录

  • –etcd-servers：etcd 集群地址

  • –bind-address：监听地址

  • –secure-port：https 安全端口

  • –advertise-address：集群通告地址

  • –allow-privileged：启用授权

  • –service-cluster-ip-range：Service 虚拟IP 地址段

  • –enable-admission-plugins：准入控制模块

  • –authorization-mode：认证授权，启用RBAC 授权和节点自管理

  • –enable-bootstrap-token-auth：启用TLS bootstrap 机制

  • –token-auth-file：bootstrap token 文件

  • –service-node-port-range：Service nodeport 类型默认分配端口范围

  • –kubelet-client-xxx：apiserver 访问kubelet 客户端证书

  • –tls-xxx-file：apiserver https 证书

  • –etcd-xxxfile：连接Etcd 集群证书

  • –audit-log-xxx：审计日志

2）拷贝生成的证书

cp /usr/local/kubernetes/TLS/k8s/ca*pem /usr/local/kubernetes/TLS/k8s/server*pem /usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/ssl

image-20211011145553298

3）启用TLS Bootstrapping 机制

TLS Bootstraping：Master apiserver 启用TLS 认证后，Node 节点kubelet 和kubeproxy要与kube-apiserver 进行通信，必须使用CA 签发的有效证书才可以，当Node节点很多时，这种客户端证书颁发需要大量工作，同样也会增加集群扩展复杂度。

为了简化流程，Kubernetes 引入了TLS bootstraping 机制来自动颁发客户端证书，kubelet会以一个低权限用户自动向apiserver 申请证书，kubelet 的证书由apiserver 动态签署。所以强烈建议在Node 上使用这种方式，目前主要用于kubelet，kube-proxy 还是由我们统一颁发一个证书。

自动生成token

head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '

 

# 格式：token，用户名，UID，用户组
cat <<EOF> /usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv 
f4bddf7f232ea4005ee4f6e119dd2230,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:nodebootstrapper"
EOF

4）systemd 管理apiserver

cat <<EOF> /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service 
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

5）启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart kube-apiserver && systemctl enable kube-apiserver && systemctl status kube-apiserver

image-20211011171116864

6）授权kubelet-bootstrap 用户允许请求证书

kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap

image-20211011165820388

5.5 部署kube-controller-manager

1）创建配置文件

cat <<EOF> /usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf 
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/logs \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \\
--allocate-node-cidrs=true \\
--cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--cluster-signing-key-file=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--root-ca-file=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-private-key-file=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s"
EOF

  • –master：通过本地非安全本地端口8080 连接apiserver。

  • –leader-elect：当该组件启动多个时，自动选举（HA）

  • –cluster-signing-cert-file/–cluster-signing-key-file：自动为kubelet 颁发证书的CA，与apiserver 保持一致

2）systemd 管理controller-manager

cat <<EOF> /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager \$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

3）启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart kube-controller-manager && systemctl enable kube-controller-manager && systemctl status kube-controller-manager

image-20211011175742388

5.6 部署kube-scheduler

1）创建配置文件

cat <<EOF> /usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=2 \--log-dir=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/logs \
--leader-elect \
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \
--bind-address=127.0.0.1"
EOF

  • –master：通过本地非安全本地端口8080 连接apiserver。

  • –leader-elect：当该组件启动多个时，自动选举（HA）

2）systemd 管理scheduler

cat <<EOF> /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \$KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

3）启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart kube-scheduler && systemctl enable kube-scheduler && systemctl status kube-scheduler

image-20211011171139662

4）查看集群状态

kubectl get cs

image-20211011175755030

5.7 部署kubelet

1）拷贝执行文件

cd /root && cp kubernetes/server/bin/{kubelet,kube-proxy} /usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/bin/

2）创建配置文件

cat <<EOF> /usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf 
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/logs \\
--hostname-override=k8s-master-01 \\
--network-plugin=cni \\
--kubeconfig=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
--config=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \\
--cert-dir=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/ssl \\
--pod-infra-container-image=lizhenliang/pause-amd64:3.0"
EOF

  • –hostname-override：显示名称，集群中唯一

  • –network-plugin：启用CNI

  • –kubeconfig：空路径，会自动生成，后面用于连接apiserver

  • –bootstrap-kubeconfig：首次启动向apiserver 申请证书

  • –config：配置参数文件

  • –cert-dir：kubelet 证书生成目录

  • –pod-infra-container-image：管理Pod 网络容器的镜像

3）配置参数文件

cat <<EOF> /usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml 
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS:
- 10.0.0.2
clusterDomain: cluster.local
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: false
  webhook:
    cacheTTL: 2m0s
    enabled: true
  x509:
    clientCAFile: /usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
authorization:
  mode: Webhook
  webhook:
    cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
    cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
evictionHard:
imagefs.available: 15%
memory.available: 100Mi
nodefs.available: 10%
nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
EOF

4）生成bootstrap.kubeconfig 文件

生成文件

# 生成临时变量
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.5.3:6443" # apiserver IP:PORT
TOKEN="f4bddf7f232ea4005ee4f6e119dd2230" # 与token.csv 里保持一致

# 生成kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 配置文件

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials "kubelet-bootstrap" \
--token=${TOKEN} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user="kubelet-bootstrap" \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig  

kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

拷贝到配置文件路径：

mv bootstrap.kubeconfig /usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/cfg

5）systemd 管理kubelet

cat <<EOF> /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service 
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

6）启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart kubelet && systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl status kubelet

6.1 生成kube-proxy 证书

1）自签证书颁发机构（CA）

cd /usr/local/kubernetes/TLS/k8s

cat <<EOF> /usr/local/kubernetes/TLS/k8s/kube-proxy-csr.json
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
       "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

2）生成证书

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy && ls kube-proxy*pem

image-20211012105512197

3）拷贝证书

cp /usr/local/kubernetes/TLS/k8s/kube-proxy*pem /usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/ssl

4）从master 节点分发证书

scp -r /usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/ssl root@192.168.5.4:/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes

scp -r /usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/ssl root@192.168.5.5:/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes

5.8 部署kube-proxy

1）创建配置文件

cat <<EOF> /usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf 
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/logs \\
--config=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml"
EOF

2）配置参数文件

cat <<EOF> /usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
clientConnection:
  kubeconfig: /usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
hostnameOverride: k8s-master-01
clusterCIDR: 10.0.0.0/24
EOF

3）生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig 文件

cd /root && KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.5.3:6443"

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
--client-certificate=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy.pem \
--client-key=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-proxy \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
mv kube-proxy.kubeconfig /usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/cfg/

4）systemd 管理kube-proxy

cat <<EOF> /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service 
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy \$KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

5）启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart kube-proxy && systemctl enable kube-proxy && systemctl status kube-proxy

 

6 部署Worker Node

6.1 创建工作目录并拷贝二进制文件

从master 节点拷贝：

cd kubernetes/server/bin/

scp kubectl kubelet kube-proxy root@192.168.5.4:/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/bin/

scp kubectl kubelet kube-proxy root@192.168.5.5:/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/bin/

6.2 部署kubelet

1）创建配置文件

注：修改--hostname-override字段，为对应节点的主机名

cat <<EOF> /usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf 
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/logs \\
--hostname-override=k8s-node-02 \\
--network-plugin=cni \\
--kubeconfig=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
--config=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \\
--cert-dir=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/ssl \\
--pod-infra-container-image=lizhenliang/pause-amd64:3.0"
EOF

  • –hostname-override：显示名称，集群中唯一

  • –network-plugin：启用CNI

  • –kubeconfig：空路径，会自动生成，后面用于连接apiserver

  • –bootstrap-kubeconfig：首次启动向apiserver 申请证书

  • –config：配置参数文件

  • –cert-dir：kubelet 证书生成目录

  • –pod-infra-container-image：管理Pod 网络容器的镜像

2）配置参数文件

cat <<EOF> /usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS:
- 10.0.0.2
clusterDomain: cluster.local
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: false
  webhook:
    cacheTTL: 2m0s
    enabled: true
  x509:
    clientCAFile: /usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
authorization:
  mode: Webhook
  webhook:
    cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
    cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
evictionHard:
imagefs.available: 15%
memory.available: 100Mi
nodefs.available: 10%
nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
EOF

3）生成bootstrap.kubeconfig 文件

移动kubectl文件

cp /usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/bin/kubectl /usr/bin/

生成文件

# 生成临时变量
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.5.3:6443" # apiserver IP:PORT
TOKEN="f4bddf7f232ea4005ee4f6e119dd2230" # 与token.csv 里保持一致

# 生成kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 配置文件

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials "kubelet-bootstrap" \
--token=${TOKEN} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user="kubelet-bootstrap" \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig  

kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

拷贝到配置文件路径：

mv bootstrap.kubeconfig /usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/cfg

4）systemd 管理kubelet

cat <<EOF> /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service 
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

5）启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart kubelet && systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl status kubelet

6.3 批准kubelet 证书申请并加入集群（在Master节点操作）

1）在Master主节点上查看kubelet 证书请求

kubectl get csr

image-20211012132504411

2）批准申请

kubectl certificate approve $NAME

kubectl certificate approve node-csr-l8BA9pX1ytE8mEwl7t1dgB1m_rHIr-g8FA345SFfBP4

3）查看节点

kubectl get node

image-20211012104213752

6.4 部署kube-proxy

1）创建配置文件

cat <<EOF> /usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf 
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/logs \\
--config=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml"
EOF

2）配置参数文件

cat <<EOF> /usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
clientConnection:
  kubeconfig: /usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
hostnameOverride: k8s-master-01
clusterCIDR: 10.0.0.0/24
EOF

3）生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig 文件

cd /root && KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.5.3:6443"

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
--client-certificate=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy.pem \
--client-key=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-proxy \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
mv kube-proxy.kubeconfig /usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/cfg/

4）systemd 管理kube-proxy

cat <<EOF> /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service 
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy $KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

5）启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart kube-proxy && systemctl enable kube-proxy && systemctl status kube-proxy

6.5 部署CNI 网络（全部节点）

准备好CNI 二进制文件：

wget https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v0.8.7/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.7.tgz

解压二进制包并移动到默认工作目录：

mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin && tar zxvf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.7.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin

注意：如果想要修改CNI网络路径，则需要修改kube-flannel .yml文件中对应的路径

6.6 部署flannel网络（Master节点操作）

cd /root && wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
# 默认镜像地址无法访问，修改为docker hub 镜像仓库。

sed -i -r "s#quay.io/coreos/flannel:.*-amd64#lizhenliang/flannel:v0.12.0-amd64#g" kube-flannel.yml
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.ymlkubectl get pods -n kube-system

image-20211012132926834

kubectl get node

image-20211012133646808

6.6 授权apiserver 访问kubelet

cat <<EOF> apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes/proxy
      - nodes/stats
      - nodes/log
      - nodes/spec
      - nodes/metrics
      - pods/log
    verbs:
      - "*"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: system:kube-apiserver
  namespace: ""
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
subjects:
  - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
    kind: User
    name: kubernetes
EOF
kubectl apply -f apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml

7 部署其他扩展组件

7.1 部署dashboard

1）官网下载yml文件

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0-beta8/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

2）暴露端口：

默认Dashboard只能集群内部访问，修改Service为NodePort类型，暴露到外部：

vim recommended.yaml
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 30001
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
---

kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml

image-20211012134745095

3）查看pod情况

kubectl get pods,svc -n kubernetes-dashboard

image-20211012134954092

4）绑定集群角色

kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-systemkubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-adminkubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}')

5）token登录Dashboard

image-20211012135052429

https://NodeIP:30001

如果出现这种情况，在当前页面用键盘输入 thisisunsafe ，不是在地址栏输入，就直接敲键盘就行了，页面即会自动刷新进入网页。

image-20211012135129843

image-20211012135317663

image-20211012135414425

7.2 部署ingress-nginx

1）下载部署

# 创建文件夹
mkdir ingress-controller && cd ingress-controller/
# 获取ingress-nginx
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/nginx-0.30.0/deploy/static/mandatory.yaml
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/nginx-0.30.0/deploy/static/provider/baremetal/service-nodeport.yaml

kubectl apply -f ./

2）查看pod情况

kubectl get pod,svc -n ingress-nginx

image-20211013094448713

7.3 部署helm

1）下载部署

wget https://get.helm.sh/helm-v3.2.1-linux-amd64.tar.gztar zxvf helm-v3.2.1-linux-amd64.tar.gzmv linux-amd64/helm /usr/bin/

2）查看pod情况

 helm version

image-20211012141551520

# 添加国内存储库
helm repo add aliyun https://kubernetes.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/charts

helm repo update

helm repo list

image-20211012141751018

7.4 安装NFS动态存储卷

1）在一台服务器上安装nfs服务

yum -y install nfs-utils

2）准备一个共享目录

mkdir -pv /root/data/nfs

3）将共享目录以读写权限暴露给192.168.5.0/24网段中的所有主机

cat <<EOF> /etc/exports/root/data/nfs     192.168.5.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)EOF

4）启动nfs服务

systemctl restart nfs

5）集群其他节点安装nfs服务

yum -y install nfs-utils

6）查看共享存储信息

showmount -e 192.168.5.3

image-20211013094757296

7）添加choerodon chart仓库

helm repo add c7n https://openchart.choerodon.com.cn/choerodon/c7n/helm repo update

8）安装nfs-client-provisioner

export KUBERNETES_MASTER=http://127.0.0.1:8080

helm upgrade --install nfs-client-provisioner c7n/nfs-client-provisioner \
--set rbac.create=true \
--set persistence.enabled=true \
--set storageClass.name=nfs-provisioner \
--set persistence.nfsServer=192.168.5.3 \
--set persistence.nfsPath=/root/data/nfs \
--version 0.1.1 \
--namespace kube-system

image-20211013095114470

9）查看服务是否启动

kubectl get sc

image-20211012150555262

 kubectl get pods -n kube-system

image-20211012150604743

10）测试

cat <<EOF> write-pod.yaml
kind: Pod
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: write-pod
spec:
  containers:
  - name: write-pod
    image: busybox
    command:
      - "/bin/sh"
    args:
      - "-c"
      - "touch /mnt/SUCCESS && exit 0 || exit 1"
    volumeMounts:
      - name: nfs-pvc
        mountPath: "/mnt"
  restartPolicy: "Never"
  volumes:
    - name: nfs-pvc
      persistentVolumeClaim:
        claimName: myclaim
---
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: myclaim
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  storageClassName: nfs-provisioner
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 1Mi
EOF
kubectl apply -f write-pod.yaml
kubectl get po

image-20211012150335280

清除测试
​
kubectl delete -f write-pod.yaml
posted @ 2021-09-14 15:00  孤独的小人物  阅读(397)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报