Docker 镜像的创建管理和发布
Docker 流程图
镜像获取
- pull from registry (online)
- public
- private
- build from Dockerfile (online)
- load from file (offlline)
镜像基本操作
[root@VM-20-7-centos /]# docker image
Usage: docker image COMMAND
Manage images
Commands:
build Build an image from a Dockerfile #从Dockerfile构建一个镜像
history Show the history of an image #显示一个镜像的历史
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image #从tarball文件中导入内容以创建文件系统镜像
inspect Display detailed information on one or more images #显示一个或多个镜像的详细信息
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN #从tar存档文件或STDIN加载镜像
ls List images #镜像列表
prune Remove unused images #删除未使用的镜像
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry #从registry中提取镜像或存储库
push Push an image or a repository to a registry #将镜像或存储库推送到registry
rm Remove one or more images #删除一个或多个镜像
save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default) #将一个或多个镜像保存到tar存档文件(默认情况下流到STDOUT)
tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE #创建引用SOURCE_IMAGE的标记TARGET_IMAGE
Run 'docker image COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
[root@VM-20-7-centos /]#
查看镜像
[root@VM-20-7-centos /]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 605c77e624dd 2 months ago 141MB
mysql latest 3218b38490ce 2 months ago 516MB
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 5 months ago 13.3kB
centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 5 months ago 231MB
拉去指定版本镜像
[root@VM-20-7-centos /]# docker pull mysql:5.7 #若不指定版本则最新版本
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Already exists
93619dbc5b36: Already exists
99da31dd6142: Already exists
626033c43d70: Already exists
37d5d7efb64e: Already exists
ac563158d721: Already exists
d2ba16033dad: Already exists
0ceb82207cd7: Pull complete
37f2405cae96: Pull complete
e2482e017e53: Pull complete
70deed891d42: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
查看镜像详细信息
[root@VM-20-7-centos /]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 605c77e624dd 2 months ago 141MB
mysql 5.7 c20987f18b13 2 months ago 448MB
mysql latest 3218b38490ce 2 months ago 516MB
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 5 months ago 13.3kB
centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 5 months ago 231MB
[root@VM-20-7-centos /]# docker image inspect c20
[
{
"Id": "sha256:c20987f18b130f9d144c9828df630417e2a9523148930dc3963e9d0dab302a76",
"RepoTags": [
"mysql:5.7"
],
"RepoDigests": [
"mysql@sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94"
],
"Parent": "",
"Comment": "",
"Created": "2021-12-21T02:56:51.419272329Z",
"Container": "6ab3c250aff0cce746e68539255208e6468cfe4a745272cd0d765394038caa18",
"ContainerConfig": {
"Hostname": "6ab3c250aff0",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"3306/tcp": {},
"33060/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"GOSU_VERSION=1.12",
"MYSQL_MAJOR=5.7",
"MYSQL_VERSION=5.7.36-1debian10"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"#(nop) ",
"CMD [\"mysqld\"]"
],
"Image": "sha256:ed97f3d66e845171cbe80f781d68532b453046984fc643508bd13f0e0d22d0b6",
"Volumes": {
"/var/lib/mysql": {}
},
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": [
"docker-entrypoint.sh"
],
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {}
},
"DockerVersion": "20.10.7",
"Author": "",
"Config": {
"Hostname": "",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"3306/tcp": {},
"33060/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"GOSU_VERSION=1.12",
"MYSQL_MAJOR=5.7",
"MYSQL_VERSION=5.7.36-1debian10"
],
"Cmd": [
"mysqld"
],
"Image": "sha256:ed97f3d66e845171cbe80f781d68532b453046984fc643508bd13f0e0d22d0b6",
"Volumes": {
"/var/lib/mysql": {}
},
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": [
"docker-entrypoint.sh"
],
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": null
},
"Architecture": "amd64",
"Os": "linux",
"Size": 448342182,
"VirtualSize": 448342182,
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fa14924d6473f3d93b719fba4630be84990bb23ca089473c0487b79886d7865a/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7fc71a072ab31089823adb010c98ddbe589e6b1b550339f44b15353aead7bd2f/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2e759bc672de4341b424dea8c014ac45f798cf863607a9e2259f9c969204465e/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/05ca5d179d0aa58afb33d96c855cd057f0389ba4624ef1503c4e9cf904272bb7/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/cab011d5339726976af4757e8e16a6fc9fd7aa12a145d8260bec82aa3d1e1de8/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ad01dbee4d60722939a0bcf501a702e6a4bb9391dee95bfa3c041b5699af229e/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/56fd3af37eebee09a89f78ad3ed7fe96bbd9e2d898c99aa2ef34350b2bdb7d24/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b433e2d5d89ad351fc8a3966782860fe613adf3c5a6a294343a4020003c36d22/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1da1d5640a87742575469df5b4af9944f0ca0abdf2dc06ddfaaa38bb9d44ecf1/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fee5f676b3377785837739f8d0570e6c3a414bef19f530ff7afd3ef2c6dccff9/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b46fd23e7c896bcaf5890c6a5ec4661e515eba3fd6284aeffa462e30acb0aff0/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b46fd23e7c896bcaf5890c6a5ec4661e515eba3fd6284aeffa462e30acb0aff0/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b46fd23e7c896bcaf5890c6a5ec4661e515eba3fd6284aeffa462e30acb0aff0/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"RootFS": {
"Type": "layers",
"Layers": [
"sha256:ad6b69b549193f81b039a1d478bc896f6e460c77c1849a4374ab95f9a3d2cea2",
"sha256:fba7b131c5c350d828ebea6ce6d52cdc751219c6287c4a7f13a51435b35eac06",
"sha256:0798f2528e8383f031ebd3c6d351f7d9f7731b3fd12007e5f2fdcdc4e1efc31a",
"sha256:a0c2a050fee24f87fde784c197a8b3eb66a3881b96ea261165ac1a01807ffb80",
"sha256:d7a777f6c3a4ded4667f61398eb1f9b380db07bf48876f64d93bf30fb1393f96",
"sha256:0d17fee8db40d61d9ca0d85bff8b32ef04bbd09d77e02cc67c454c8f84edb3d8",
"sha256:aad27784b7621a3e58bd03e5d798e505fb80b081a5070d7c822e41606b90a5c0",
"sha256:9b64bb048d04da7fcd2641c65bd60c94e0512aeb4526f19d122dcb0d6b8f3958",
"sha256:35ba198e64f5b7a95c3177cc90eb30e34eb84e22c44ed8c4bf8c6400eaf6b8e3",
"sha256:789f3aa31b3f292f7c778fe0f2cfcc9759d792a41628ecba1a745f69b4368904",
"sha256:e889c671872c4d8585274e8928bce7d06cd13525c3be9f45e79e80b0dd21907a"
]
},
"Metadata": {
"LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
}
}
]
[root@VM-20-7-centos /]#
删除镜像
[root@VM-20-7-centos /]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 605c77e624dd 2 months ago 141MB
mysql 5.7 c20987f18b13 2 months ago 448MB
mysql latest 3218b38490ce 2 months ago 516MB
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 5 months ago 13.3kB
centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 5 months ago 231MB
[root@VM-20-7-centos /]# docker image rm 5d0
Untagged: centos:latest
Untagged: centos@sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177
Deleted: sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6
Deleted: sha256:74ddd0ec08fa43d09f32636ba91a0a3053b02cb4627c35051aff89f853606b59
[root@VM-20-7-centos /]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 605c77e624dd 2 months ago 141MB
mysql 5.7 c20987f18b13 2 months ago 448MB
mysql latest 3218b38490ce 2 months ago 516MB
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 5 months ago 13.3kB
[root@VM-20-7-centos /]# # docker image rm -f $(docker images -aq) # 删除全部的镜像
镜像导入导出
[root@VM-20-7-centos /]# docker image save mysql:5.7 -o mysql.image #导出镜像文件 （.image .tar .tar.gz）
[root@VM-20-7-centos /]# ls
bin data etc lib lost+found mnt opt root sbin sys usr www
boot dev home lib64 media mysql.image proc run srv tmp var
[root@VM-20-7-centos /]# docker rmi c20
Untagged: mysql:5.7
Untagged: mysql@sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
Deleted: sha256:c20987f18b130f9d144c9828df630417e2a9523148930dc3963e9d0dab302a76
Deleted: sha256:6567396b065ee734fb2dbb80c8923324a778426dfd01969f091f1ab2d52c7989
Deleted: sha256:0910f12649d514b471f1583a16f672ab67e3d29d9833a15dc2df50dd5536e40f
Deleted: sha256:6682af2fb40555c448b84711c7302d0f86fc716bbe9c7dc7dbd739ef9d757150
Deleted: sha256:5c062c3ac20f576d24454e74781511a5f96739f289edaadf2de934d06e910b92
[root@VM-20-7-centos /]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 605c77e624dd 2 months ago 141MB
mysql latest 3218b38490ce 2 months ago 516MB
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 5 months ago 13.3kB
[root@VM-20-7-centos /]# docker image load -i mysql.image #导入镜像文件还原镜像
9b64bb048d04: Loading layer [==================================================>] 3.584kB/3.584kB
35ba198e64f5: Loading layer [==================================================>] 313.2MB/313.2MB
789f3aa31b3f: Loading layer [==================================================>] 17.92kB/17.92kB
e889c671872c: Loading layer [==================================================>] 1.536kB/1.536kB
Loaded image: mysql:5.7
[root@VM-20-7-centos /]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 605c77e624dd 2 months ago 141MB
mysql 5.7 c20987f18b13 2 months ago 448MB
mysql latest 3218b38490ce 2 months ago 516MB
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 5 months ago 13.3kB
[root@VM-20-7-centos /]#
Dockerfile介绍
-
Dockerfile 是用于构建 docker 镜像的文件
-
Dockerfile 有特定语法规则
-
Dockerfile 里包含了构造镜像所需要的指令
-
Dockerfile 是面向开发的，构建镜像发布项目就需要编写 Dockerfile 文件，
-
Docker 镜像逐渐成为项目交付标准，Dockerfile必须要掌握
镜像构建分享
docker build 命令用于使用 Dockerfile 创建镜像。
语法
docker build [OPTIONS] PATH | URL | -
OPTIONS说明：
docker build [OPTIONS] PATH | URL | -
- --build-arg=[] :设置镜像创建时的变量；
- --cpu-shares :设置 cpu 使用权重；
- --cpu-period :限制 CPU CFS周期；
- --cpu-quota :限制 CPU CFS配额；
- --cpuset-cpus :指定使用的CPU id；
- --cpuset-mems :指定使用的内存 id；
- --disable-content-trust :忽略校验，默认开启；
- -f :指定要使用的Dockerfile路径；
- --force-rm :设置镜像过程中删除中间容器；
- --isolation :使用容器隔离技术；
- --label=[] :设置镜像使用的元数据；
- -m :设置内存最大值；
- --memory-swap :设置Swap的最大值为内存+swap，"-1"表示不限swap；
- --no-cache :创建镜像的过程不使用缓存；
- --pull :尝试去更新镜像的新版本；
- --quiet, -q :安静模式，成功后只输出镜像 ID；
- --rm :设置镜像成功后删除中间容器；
- --shm-size :设置/dev/shm的大小，默认值是64M；
- --ulimit :Ulimit配置。
- --squash :将 Dockerfile 中所有的操作压缩为一层。
- --tag, -t: 镜像的名字及标签，通常 name:tag 或者 name 格式；可以在一次构建中为一个镜像设置多个标签。
- --network: 默认 default。在构建期间设置RUN指令的网络模式
举例
PS D:\baocai\docker\DockerDemo\HelloDocker\HelloDockerfile\FROM> docker build -t hellofromcommand . # build 镜像
[+] Building 0.1s (5/5) FINISHED
=> [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile 0.0s
=> => transferring dockerfile: 81B 0.0s
=> [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s
=> => transferring context: 2B 0.0s
=> [internal] load build context 0.0s
=> => transferring context: 58B 0.0s
=> [1/1] ADD index.html /app/index.html 0.0s
=> exporting to image 0.0s
=> => exporting layers 0.0s
=> => writing image sha256:0bb471cee6654012ea664d2f329fa3b5388035631a249f321754a7dfe6a4419b 0.0s
=> => naming to docker.io/library/hellofromcommand 0.0s
Use 'docker scan' to run Snyk tests against images to find vulnerabilities and learn how to fix them
PS D:\baocai\docker\DockerDemo\HelloDocker\HelloDockerfile\FROM> docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hellofromcommand latest 0bb471cee665 22 seconds ago 21B
weichangk/hellodocker 3.0 62942fd6a177 24 hours ago 271MB
registry.cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/weichangk/hellodocker 3.0 62942fd6a177 24 hours ago 271MB
hellodocker 2.0 1d769fdffbd1 24 hours ago 271MB
hellodocker 1.0 8c91717e9f23 27 hours ago 217MB
mysql latest b05128b000dd 3 months ago 516MB
PS D:\baocai\docker\DockerDemo\HelloDocker\HelloDockerfile\FROM> docker history hellofromcommand # history 查看指定镜像的创建历史。
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
0bb471cee665 About a minute ago ADD index.html /app/index.html # buildkit 21B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
PS D:\baocai\docker\DockerDemo\HelloDocker\HelloDockerfile\FROM>
docker push :将本地的镜像上传到镜像仓库，要先登陆到镜像仓库
语法
docker push [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG]
commit 创建镜像
scratch 镜像
本文来自博客园，作者：weichangk，转载请注明原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/weichangk/p/15978798.html
