蓝桥杯之单片机学习(三十)——模板罗列、技巧总结与心得
文章目录
一、模板罗列
1.1 iic.h
#ifndef __IIC_H__
#define __IIC_H__
#include <STC15F2K60S2.h>
#include "intrins.h"
sbit SD = P2^1;
sbit SCL = P2^0;
void IIC_Start(void);
void IIC_Stop(void);
bit IIC_WaitAck(void);
void IIC_SendAck(bit ackbit);
void IIC_SendByte(unsigned char byt);
unsigned char IIC_RecByte(void);
void Read_DAC(unsigned char date);
unsigned char Write_ADC(unsigned char add);
#endif
1.2 ds1302.h
#ifndef __DS1302_H__
#define __DS1302_H__
#include <STC15F2K60S2.h>
#include <intrins.h>
sbit SCK = P1^7;
sbit SDA = P2^3;
sbit RST = P1^3;
void Write_Ds1302(unsigned char temp);
void Write_Ds1302_Byte( unsigned char address,unsigned char dat );
unsigned char Read_Ds1302_Byte( unsigned char address );
#endif
1.3 onewire.h
#ifndef __ONEWIRE_H__
#define __ONEWIRE_H__
#include <STC15F2K60S2.h>
sbit DQ = P1^4;
unsigned char rd_temperature(void);
#endif
1.4 main.c
#include <STC15F2K60S2.h>
#include "onewire.h"
#include "iic.h"
#include "ds1302.h"
#define uchar unsigned char
#define uint unsigned int
uchar SMG_duanma[10] = {0XC0, 0XF9, 0XA4, 0XB0, 0X99, 0X92, 0X82, 0XF8, 0X80, 0X90};
uchar yi,er,san,si,wu,liu,qi,ba;
void SelectHC138(uchar channel);
void initsys();
void DisplaySMG_Bit(uchar pos, uchar value);
void Delay_one_ms_SMG();
void SMG_Display();
void Alone_Key();
void Delay_five_ms_Key();
void main()
{
yi = er = san = si = wu = liu = qi = ba = 0;
initsys();
while(1)
{
Alone_Key();
SMG_Display();
}
}
//
void SelectHC138(uchar channel)
{
switch(channel)
{
case 4: //LED
P2 = (P2 & 0X1F) | 0X80;
break;
case 5: //蜂鸣器和继电器
P2 = (P2 & 0X1F) | 0XA0;
break;
case 6: //位码
P2 = (P2 & 0X1F) | 0XC0;
break;
case 7: //段码
P2 = (P2 & 0X1F) | 0XE0;
break;
}
}
void initsys()
{
SelectHC138(5);
P0 = 0X00;//关闭蜂鸣器和继电器
SelectHC138(4);
P0 = 0XFF;
SelectHC138(6);
P0 = 0XFF;
SelectHC138(7);
P0 = 0XFF;
}
void DisplaySMG_Bit(uchar pos, uchar value)
{
SelectHC138(6);
P0 = 0X01 << pos;
SelectHC138(7);
P0 = value;
}
void Delay_one_ms_SMG()
{
uint j;
for(j = 845; j > 0; j--);
}
void SMG_Display()
{
DisplaySMG_Bit(0, SMG_duanma[yi] & 0X80);
Delay_one_ms_SMG();
DisplaySMG_Bit(1, SMG_duanma[er] - 0X80);
Delay_one_ms_SMG();
DisplaySMG_Bit(2, SMG_duanma[san] | 0X80);
Delay_one_ms_SMG();
DisplaySMG_Bit(3, SMG_duanma[si]);
Delay_one_ms_SMG();
DisplaySMG_Bit(4, SMG_duanma[wu]);
Delay_one_ms_SMG();
DisplaySMG_Bit(5, SMG_duanma[liu]);
Delay_one_ms_SMG();
DisplaySMG_Bit(6, SMG_duanma[qi]);
Delay_one_ms_SMG();
DisplaySMG_Bit(7, SMG_duanma[ba]);
Delay_one_ms_SMG();
}
void Delay_five_ms_Key()
{
uint i,j;
for(i = 0;i < 5;i++)
for(j = 845; j > 0;j--);
}
void Alone_Key()
{
//S7
if(P30 == 0)
{
Delay_five_ms_Key();
if(P30 == 0)
{
yi = 1;
}
while(!P30);
}
//S6
if(P31 == 0)
{
Delay_five_ms_Key();
if(P31 == 0)
{
er = 1;
}
while(!P31);
}
//S5
if(P32 == 0)
{
Delay_five_ms_Key();
if(P32 == 0)
{
san = 1;
}
while(!P32);
}
//S4
if(P33 == 0)
{
Delay_five_ms_Key();
if(P33 == 0)
{
si = 1;
}
while(!P33);
}
}
void Timer0Init(void) //1毫秒@12.000MHz
{
AUXR |= 0x80; //定时器时钟1T模式
TMOD &= 0xF0; //设置定时器模式
TL0 = 0x20; //设置定时初值
TH0 = 0xD1; //设置定时初值
TF0 = 0; //清除TF0标志
TR0 = 1; //定时器0开始计时
}
void Timer0Service() interrupt 1
{
}
1.5 onewire.c
#include "onewire.h"
//单总线内部延时函数
void Delay_OneWire(unsigned int t)
{
t = t * 12;
while(t--);
}
//单总线写操作
void Write_DS18B20(unsigned char dat)
{
unsigned char i;
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
DQ = 0;
DQ = dat&0x01;
Delay_OneWire(5);
DQ = 1;
dat >>= 1;
}
Delay_OneWire(5);
}
//单总线读操作
unsigned char Read_DS18B20(void)
{
unsigned char i;
unsigned char dat;
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
DQ = 0;
dat >>= 1;
DQ = 1;
if(DQ)
{
dat |= 0x80;
}
Delay_OneWire(5);
}
return dat;
}
//DS18B20初始化
bit init_ds18b20(void)
{
bit initflag = 0;
DQ = 1;
Delay_OneWire(12);
DQ = 0;
Delay_OneWire(80);
DQ = 1;
Delay_OneWire(10);
initflag = DQ;
Delay_OneWire(5);
return initflag;
}
float Get_temp()
{
float temp;
unsigned char hig,low;
init_ds18b20();
Write_DS18B20(0XCC);
Write_DS18B20(0X88);
init_ds18b20();
Write_DS18B20(0XCC);
Write_DS18B20(0XEE);
low = Read_DS18B20();
hig = Read_DS18B20();
temp = (hig<<8|low)*0.0625;
return temp;
}
//temp = (int)Get_temp()
//shi = temp / 10;
1.4 iic.c
#include "iic.h"
#define DELAY_TIME 5
//I2C总线内部延时函数
void IIC_Delay(unsigned char i)
{
do{_nop_();}
while(i--);
}
//I2C总线启动信号
void IIC_Start(void)
{
SD = 1;
SCL = 1;
IIC_Delay(DELAY_TIME);
SD = 0;
IIC_Delay(DELAY_TIME);
SCL = 0;
}
//I2C总线停止信号
void IIC_Stop(void)
{
SD = 0;
SCL = 1;
IIC_Delay(DELAY_TIME);
SD = 1;
IIC_Delay(DELAY_TIME);
}
//发送应答或非应答信号
void IIC_SendAck(bit ackbit)
{
SCL = 0;
SD = ackbit;
IIC_Delay(DELAY_TIME);
SCL = 1;
IIC_Delay(DELAY_TIME);
SCL = 0;
SD = 1;
IIC_Delay(DELAY_TIME);
}
//等待应答
bit IIC_WaitAck(void)
{
bit ackbit;
SCL = 1;
IIC_Delay(DELAY_TIME);
ackbit = SD;
SCL = 0;
IIC_Delay(DELAY_TIME);
return ackbit;
}
//I2C总线发送一个字节数据
void IIC_SendByte(unsigned char byt)
{
unsigned char i;
for(i=0; i<8; i++)
{
SCL = 0;
IIC_Delay(DELAY_TIME);
if(byt & 0x80) SD = 1;
else SD = 0;
IIC_Delay(DELAY_TIME);
SCL = 1;
byt <<= 1;
IIC_Delay(DELAY_TIME);
}
SCL = 0;
}
//I2C总线接收一个字节数据
unsigned char IIC_RecByte(void)
{
unsigned char i, da;
for(i=0; i<8; i++)
{
SCL = 1;
IIC_Delay(DELAY_TIME);
da <<= 1;
if(SD) da |= 1;
SCL = 0;
IIC_Delay(DELAY_TIME);
}
return da;
}
unsigned char Write_ADC(unsigned char add)
{
unsigned char dat;
IIC_Start();
IIC_SendByte(0X90);
IIC_WaitAck();
IIC_SendByte(add);
IIC_WaitAck();
IIC_Start();
IIC_SendByte(0X91);
IIC_WaitAck();
dat = IIC_RecByte();
IIC_SendAck(1);
IIC_Stop();
return dat;
}
void Read_DAC(unsigned char date)
{
IIC_Start();
IIC_SendByte(0X90);
IIC_WaitAck();
IIC_SendByte(0X40);
IIC_WaitAck();
IIC_SendByte(date);
IIC_WaitAck();
IIC_Stop();
}
void EEPROM_write(unsigned char add,unsigned char date)
{
IIC_Start();
IIC_SendByte(0XA0);
IIC_WaitAck();
IIC_SendByte(add);
IIC_WaitAck();
IIC_SendByte(date);
IIC_WaitAck();
IIC_Stop();
IIC_Delay(5);
}
unsigned char EEPROM_read(unsigned char add)
{
unsigned char dat;
IIC_Start();
IIC_SendByte(0XA0);
IIC_WaitAck();
IIC_SendByte(add);
IIC_WaitAck();
IIC_Start();
IIC_SendByte(0XA1);
IIC_WaitAck();
dat = IIC_RecByte();
IIC_SendAck(1);
IIC_Stop();
return dat;
}
1.4 ds1302.c
#include "ds1302.h"
#define DecToBCD(dec) (dec/10*16)+(dec%10)
#define BCDToDec(BCD) (BCD/16*10)+(BCD%16)
//写字节
void Write_Ds1302(unsigned char temp)
{
unsigned char i;
for (i=0;i<8;i++)
{
SCK = 0;
SDA = temp&0x01;
temp>>=1;
SCK=1;
}
}
//向DS1302寄存器写入数据
void Write_Ds1302_Byte( unsigned char address,unsigned char dat )
{
RST=0; _nop_();
SCK=0; _nop_();
RST=1; _nop_();
Write_Ds1302(address);
Write_Ds1302(dat);
RST=0;
}
//从DS1302寄存器读出数据
unsigned char Read_Ds1302_Byte ( unsigned char address )
{
unsigned char i,temp=0x00;
RST=0; _nop_();
SCK=0; _nop_();
RST=1; _nop_();
Write_Ds1302(address);
for (i=0;i<8;i++)
{
SCK=0;
temp>>=1;
if(SDA)
temp|=0x80;
SCK=1;
}
RST=0; _nop_();
SCK=0; _nop_();
SCK=1; _nop_();
SDA=0; _nop_();
SDA=1; _nop_();
return (temp);
}
void Init_DS1302()
{
unsigned char i,add;
add = 0X80;
Write_Ds1302_Byte(0X8E, 0X00);
for(i = 0; i < 7; i++)
{
Write_Ds1302_Byte(add,DecToBCD(shijian[i]));
add = add + 2;
}
}
void Read_DS1302()
{
unsigned char i,add;
add = 0X81;
for(i = 0; i < 7; i++)
{
shijian[i] = BCDToDec(Read_Ds1302_Byte());
add = add + 2;
}
}
二、一些技巧总结
- 共阳数码管,BCD数字
-0X80
就是带小数点,共阴就是|0X80
- iic和ds1302同时使用时,注意SDA的重复定义
- 底层逻辑代码,一定要多练
- iic:ADC/DAC、EEPROM
- onewire:温度
- ds1302:时钟
- 注意12MHz
- 读温度和iic,的精度,可以用float接
//ds1302用
#define DecToBCD(dec) (dec/10*16)+(dec%10) //十进制转十六进制
#define BCDToDec(BCD) (BCD/16*10)+(BCD%16) //十六进制转十进制
- EEPROM有7个地址,每个地址有8位
三、心得
对于蓝桥杯,回忆了好多事情,一点一点学吧,真的,只要每天学一点,就可以很厉害,博主是没有买课,各种嫖(比我同学那种买课的,我就像野路子,hhhh~),从学长那嫖的一种网课,加上B站的小蜜蜂。博主也是这样一路学过来,之后开始写省赛题,一开始有畏难心理,之后就慢慢克服了(一定要先自己独立写,一般都可以自己写出来的)。
自己的模板有了,可以用,但考试前一定要多练,多练!,一定要!还要EEPROM、DA/AD,等等小函数,考前也一定要多练!!!
对于买课呢,也挺好,是个正规路子,我同学都90-110不等,所以自己看情况吧
对于这次的比赛呢,超声波模块我是真的没想到,哈哈哈哈哈,直接放弃,别的模块都尽全力去写。
对于客观题呢,看一遍历届赛题吧,虽然感觉没多大用,但是聊胜于无吧,模电数电一定要认真学,还有官方提供的手册,博主也不知道该怎么看,哈哈哈哈,比较菜,客观题好像可以从里面找答案。
如果有时间,我说有时间的话,可以对驱动进行更深度的理解,了解原理。博主之后有时间会再看看
此次蓝桥之后,博主就准备进攻STM32了,应该再学期吧,不知道有没有时间,听说课很多。