跟我一起玩Win32开发(9):绘图(B)
我们今天继续涂鸦,实践证明,涂鸦是人生一大乐趣。
首先,我们写一个程序骨架子,以便做实验。
- #include <Windows.h>
- LRESULT CALLBACK MainWinProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
- int WINAPI WinMain(
- HINSTANCE hThisApp,
- HINSTANCE hPrevApp,
- LPSTR lpsCmdln,
- int iShow)
- {
- WNDCLASS wc;
- wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
- wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
- wc.hbrBackground = CreateSolidBrush(RGB(0,0,0));
- // 默认光标类型为箭头
- wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(hThisApp, IDC_ARROW);
- // 默认应用程序图标
- wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(hThisApp, IDI_APPLICATION);
- wc.hInstance = hThisApp;
- wc.lpfnWndProc = MainWinProc;
- wc.lpszClassName = L"MyAppTest";
- wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
- wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
- // 注册窗口类
- RegisterClass(&wc);
- // 创建窗口
- HWND hwnd = CreateWindow(
- L"MyAppTest",
- L"绘画课",
- /* 使用 WS_VISIBLE 就不用调用ShowWindow了 */
- WS_VISIBLE | WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
- 100,
- 45,
- 500,
- 380,
- NULL,
- NULL,
- hThisApp,
- NULL);
- // 消息循环
- MSG msg;
- while(GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
- {
- TranslateMessage(&msg);
- DispatchMessage(&msg);
- }
- return 0;
- }
- LRESULT CALLBACK MainWinProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
- {
- switch(msg)
- {
- case WM_DESTROY:
- PostQuitMessage(0);
- return 0;
- case WM_PAINT:
- PAINTSTRUCT ps;
- BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
- /*
- 待实现
- */
- EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
- return 0;
- }
- return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
- }
CreatePen函数
我们要进行素描画创作,所以我们必须想清楚要使用什么样的钢笔,画出什么样的线条。故,画图之前得创建一支钢笔,不然,巧妇难为无米之炊。
- HPEN CreatePen(
- int iStyle, //钢笔的样式,如虚线、实线
- int cWidth, //线条宽度
- COLORREF color //线条是啥颜色的
- );
第一个参数指定线条的样式,如
- /* Pen Styles */
- #define PS_SOLID 0
- #define PS_DASH 1 /* ------- */
- #define PS_DOT 2 /* ....... */
- #define PS_DASHDOT 3 /* _._._._ */
- #define PS_DASHDOTDOT 4 /* _.._.._ */
- #define PS_NULL 5
- #define PS_INSIDEFRAME 6
- #define PS_USERSTYLE 7
- #define PS_ALTERNATE 8
函数成功创建钢笔后就会返回HPEN,H开头的你就要知道它表示句柄。Pen也是系统资源,所以创建笔后系统要为它一个标识。
SelectObject函数
上过美术课,你会知道,有了用于进行素描创作的钢笔还不能动手干活,我们还需要有纸。接下来,调用SelectObject函数,把刚才创建的钢笔与绘图纸关联,就等于把我们创建的绘图资源放进DC工具箱中,
- HGDIOBJ WINAPI SelectObject(
- HDC hdc, //设备描述表的句柄
- HGDIOBJ h //要放到DC中的资源的句柄
- );
调用成功后,返回原先的资源句柄。
MoveToEx和LineTo
MoveToEx是设置绘制的起点,下次绘图将从这个点开始。它的最后一个参数将被设置为当前点,即Move后的坐标。LineTo从当前坐标开始,到指定坐标之间绘制一条线段。
- // 创建钢笔
- HPEN pen = CreatePen(PS_DASH, 1, RGB(0,255,50));
- // 把笔选到DC中
- SelectObject(ps.hdc, pen);
- // 设定线段的起点
- MoveToEx(ps.hdc, 15, 25, NULL);
- // 绘制线条
- LineTo(ps.hdc, 65, 49);
- LineTo(ps.hdc, 12, 120);
- LineTo(ps.hdc, 250, 78);
- LineTo(ps.hdc, 312, 185);
- DeleteObject(pen);
记住,只要是我们创建的句柄,用完后调用DeleteObject函数将其销毁。
PolyBezier函数和PolyBezierTo函数
两个函数都是用来绘制贝塞尔曲线的,不同的是,PolyBezier函数包含指定的起点和终点,PolyBezierTo是从当前点开始绘制贝塞尔曲线。
- // 绘制贝塞尔曲线
- pen = CreatePen(PS_DOT, 1, RGB(0,3,255));
- SelectObject(ps.hdc, pen);
- POINT* pts = new POINT[4];
- pts[0].x = 421;
- pts[0].y = 16;
- pts[1].x = 7;
- pts[1].y = 197;
- pts[2].x = 480;
- pts[2].y = 320;
- pts[3].x = 30;
- pts[3].y = 350;
- PolyBezier(ps.hdc, pts, 4);
- delete [] pts;
- // 第二段贝塞尔曲线
- POINT* pts2 = new POINT[3];
- pts2[0].x = 176;
- pts2[0].y = 84;
- pts2[1].x = 17;
- pts2[1].y = 247;
- pts2[2].x = 400;
- pts2[2].y = 490;
- // 移动当前点
- MoveToEx(ps.hdc, 395, 270, NULL);
- PolyBezierTo(ps.hdc, pts2, 3);
- delete [] pts2;
PolyPolyline绘制复合线条
PolyPolyline函数可以绘制多段复合线条。它的声明如下:
- BOOL PolyPolyline(
- HDC hdc,
- const POINT *lppt,
- const DWORD *lpdwPolyPoints,
- DWORD cCount
- );
lppt参数指向一个POINT的数组,它包含绘制复合线条所需的所有点;lpdwPolyPoints指向一个数组,这个数字数组指明如何分配点数组。
例如,lppt有7个点,我计划,前2个点绘制第一条线,接着3个点绘制第二条线,最后2个点绘制第三条线,这样一来,lpdwPolyPolyPoints得值应为:
{ 2, 3, 2 }
nCount里包含lpdwPolyPolyPoints中的数量,我们上面的例子是3.
由于两点决定一条线段,因此,lpdwPolyPolyPoints里面的值记得要>=2。
- // 复杂图形
- pen = CreatePen(PS_DASHDOTDOT, 1, RGB(80,20,160));
- SelectObject(ps.hdc, pen);
- POINT plpts[10] =
- {
- {47,3}, {11,46}, {28,199}, {203,305}, {94,22},
- {402,377}, {21,45}, {237,7}, {300,398}, {175,25}
- };
- DWORD arr[4] = { 2, 3, 3, 2};
- PolyPolyline(ps.hdc, &plpts[0], &arr[0], 4);
上面的代码将画出以下图形。
完整的代码清单如下:
- #include <Windows.h>
- LRESULT CALLBACK MainWinProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
- int WINAPI WinMain(
- HINSTANCE hThisApp,
- HINSTANCE hPrevApp,
- LPSTR lpsCmdln,
- int iShow)
- {
- WNDCLASS wc;
- wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
- wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
- wc.hbrBackground = CreateSolidBrush(RGB(0,0,0));
- // 默认光标类型为箭头
- wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(hThisApp, IDC_ARROW);
- // 默认应用程序图标
- wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(hThisApp, IDI_APPLICATION);
- wc.hInstance = hThisApp;
- wc.lpfnWndProc = MainWinProc;
- wc.lpszClassName = L"MyAppTest";
- wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
- wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
- // 注册窗口类
- RegisterClass(&wc);
- // 创建窗口
- HWND hwnd = CreateWindow(
- L"MyAppTest",
- L"绘画课",
- /* 使用 WS_VISIBLE 就不用调用ShowWindow了 */
- WS_VISIBLE | WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
- 100,
- 45,
- 500,
- 380,
- NULL,
- NULL,
- hThisApp,
- NULL);
- // 消息循环
- MSG msg;
- while(GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
- {
- TranslateMessage(&msg);
- DispatchMessage(&msg);
- }
- return 0;
- }
- LRESULT CALLBACK MainWinProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
- {
- switch(msg)
- {
- case WM_DESTROY:
- PostQuitMessage(0);
- return 0;
- case WM_PAINT:
- PAINTSTRUCT ps;
- BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
- // 创建钢笔
- HPEN pen = CreatePen(PS_DASH, 1, RGB(0,255,50));
- // 把笔选到DC中
- SelectObject(ps.hdc, pen);
- // 设定线段的起点
- MoveToEx(ps.hdc, 15, 25, NULL);
- // 绘制线条
- LineTo(ps.hdc, 65, 49);
- LineTo(ps.hdc, 12, 120);
- LineTo(ps.hdc, 250, 78);
- LineTo(ps.hdc, 312, 185);
- // 绘制贝塞尔曲线
- pen = CreatePen(PS_DOT, 1, RGB(0,3,255));
- SelectObject(ps.hdc, pen);
- POINT* pts = new POINT[4];
- pts[0].x = 421;
- pts[0].y = 16;
- pts[1].x = 7;
- pts[1].y = 197;
- pts[2].x = 480;
- pts[2].y = 320;
- pts[3].x = 30;
- pts[3].y = 350;
- PolyBezier(ps.hdc, pts, 4);
- delete [] pts;
- // 第二段贝塞尔曲线
- POINT* pts2 = new POINT[3];
- pts2[0].x = 176;
- pts2[0].y = 84;
- pts2[1].x = 17;
- pts2[1].y = 247;
- pts2[2].x = 400;
- pts2[2].y = 490;
- // 移动当前点
- MoveToEx(ps.hdc, 395, 270, NULL);
- PolyBezierTo(ps.hdc, pts2, 3);
- delete [] pts2;
- // 复杂图形
- pen = CreatePen(PS_DASHDOTDOT, 1, RGB(80,20,160));
- SelectObject(ps.hdc, pen);
- POINT plpts[10] =
- {
- {47,3}, {11,46}, {28,199}, {203,305}, {94,22},
- {402,377}, {21,45}, {237,7}, {300,398}, {175,25}
- };
- DWORD arr[4] = { 2, 3, 3, 2};
- PolyPolyline(ps.hdc, &plpts[0], &arr[0], 4);
- DeleteObject(pen);
- EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
- return 0;
- }
- return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
- }