JdbcTemplate详解1

1、JdbcTemplate操作数据库

Spring对数据库的操作在jdbc上面做了深层次的封装,使用spring的注入功能,可以把DataSource注册到JdbcTemplate之中。同时,为了支持对properties文件的支持,spring提供了类似于EL表达式的方式,把dataSource.properties的文件参数引入到参数配置之中,<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties" />。
 
实例代码如下:
提供数据源的相关配置信息:jdbc.properties
driverClassName=org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver
url=jdbc\:mysql\://localhost\:3306/stanley?useUnicode\=true&characterEncoding\=UTF-8
username=root
password=123456
initialSize=1
maxActive=500
maxIdle=2
minIdle=1
提供spring的配置文件,将jdbc.properties与JdbcTemplate粘合起来的配置文件:beans.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
             xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
             xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
                     http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
                     http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
                     http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
         <property name="driverClassName" value="${driverClassName}"/>
         <property name="url" value="${url}"/>
         <property name="username" value="${username}"/>
         <property name="password" value="${password}"/>
            <!-- 连接池启动时的初始值 -->
     <property name="initialSize" value="${initialSize}"/>
     <!-- 连接池的最大值 -->
     <property name="maxActive" value="${maxActive}"/>
     <!-- 最大空闲值.当经过一个高峰时间后,连接池可以慢慢将已经用不到的连接慢慢释放一部分,一直减少到maxIdle为止 -->
     <property name="maxIdle" value="${maxIdle}"/>
     <!--    最小空闲值.当空闲的连接数少于阀值时,连接池就会预申请去一些连接,以免洪峰来时来不及申请 -->
     <property name="minIdle" value="${minIdle}"/>
    </bean>

  <bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        </bean>

  <aop:config>
        <aop:pointcut id="transactionPointcut" expression="execution(* cn.comp.service..*.*(..))"/>
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="transactionPointcut"/>
  </aop:config>
  <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="txManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:method name="get*" read-only="true" propagation="NOT_SUPPORTED"/>
            <tx:method name="*"/>
        </tx:attributes>
  </tx:advice>

  <bean id="personService" class="cn.comp.service.impl.PersonServiceBean">
    <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
  </bean>
</beans>
 
或者使用获取jdbc相关连接
<bean name="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
    <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
    <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost/dbunit"></property>
    <property name="password" value="root" />
    <property name="username" value="root" />
  </bean>
 
提供POJO的java类:Person.java
public class Person {
  private Integer id;
  private String name;
  
  public Person(){}
  
  public Person(String name) {
    this.name = name;
  }
  public Integer getId() {
    return id;
  }
  public void setId(Integer id) {
    this.id = id;
  }
  public String getName() {
    return name;
  }
  public void setName(String name) {
    this.name = name;
  }
}
提供对Person的操作接口:PersonService.java
public interface PersonService {
  /**
    * 保存person
    * @param person
    */

  public void save(Person person);
  /**
    * 更新person
    * @param person
    */

  public void update(Person person);
  /**
    * 获取person
    * @param personid
    * @return
    */

  public Person getPerson(Integer personid);
  /**
    * 获取所有person
    * @return
    */

  public List<Person> getPersons();
  /**
    * 删除指定id的person
    * @param personid
    */

  public void delete(Integer personid) throws Exception;
}
提供对接口的实现类:PersonServiceBean.java
public class PersonServiceBean implements PersonService {
  private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
  
  public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
    this.jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
  }
  
  public void delete(Integer personid) throws Exception{
    jdbcTemplate.update("delete from person where id=?", new Object[]{personid},
        new int[]{java.sql.Types.INTEGER});
  }
  
  public Person getPerson(Integer personid) {    
    return (Person)jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select * from person where id=?", new Object[]{personid},
        new int[]{java.sql.Types.INTEGER}, new PersonRowMapper());
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  public List<Person> getPersons() {
    return (List<Person>)jdbcTemplate.query("select * from person", new PersonRowMapper());
  }

  public void save(Person person) {
    jdbcTemplate.update("insert into person(name) values(?)", new Object[]{person.getName()},
        new int[]{java.sql.Types.VARCHAR});
  }

  public void update(Person person) {
    jdbcTemplate.update("update person set name=? where id=?", new Object[]{person.getName(), person.getId()},
        new int[]{java.sql.Types.VARCHAR, java.sql.Types.INTEGER});
  }
}
提供在查询对象时,记录的映射回调类:PersonRowMapper.java
public class PersonRowMapper implements RowMapper {

  public Object mapRow(ResultSet rs, int index) throws SQLException {
    Person person = new Person(rs.getString("name"));
    person.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
    return person;
  }
}
【注意】:由于dbcp的jar包对common-pool和commons-collections的jar包有依赖,所有需要把他们一起引入到工程中。【 commons-dbcp-1.2.1.jar, commons-pool-1.2.jar, commons-collections-3.1.jar】, 参考文档《JDBC高级部分》:http://tianya23.blog.51cto.com/1081650/270849
 
2、JdbcTemplate事务
事务的操作首先要通过配置文件,取得spring的支持, 再在java程序中显示的使用@Transactional注解来使用事务操作。
 
在xml配置文件中增加对事务的支持:
<bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        </bean>
  <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager"/>
  
  <bean id="personService" class="cn.comp.service.impl.PersonServiceBean">
    <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
  </bean>
在java程序中显示的指明是否需要事务,当出现运行期异常Exception或一般的异常Exception是否需要回滚
@Transactional
public class PersonServiceBean implements PersonService {
  private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
  
  public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
    this.jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
  }
  // unchecked ,
  // checked
  @Transactional(noRollbackFor=RuntimeException.class)
  public void delete(Integer personid) throws Exception{
    jdbcTemplate.update("delete from person where id=?", new Object[]{personid},
        new int[]{java.sql.Types.INTEGER});
    throw new RuntimeException("运行期例外");
  }
  @Transactional(propagation=Propagation.NOT_SUPPORTED)
  public Person getPerson(Integer personid) {    
    return (Person)jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select * from person where id=?", new Object[]{personid},
        new int[]{java.sql.Types.INTEGER}, new PersonRowMapper());
  }

  @Transactional(propagation=Propagation.NOT_SUPPORTED)
  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  public List<Person> getPersons() {
    return (List<Person>)jdbcTemplate.query("select * from person", new PersonRowMapper());
  }

  public void save(Person person) {
    jdbcTemplate.update("insert into person(name) values(?)", new Object[]{person.getName()},
        new int[]{java.sql.Types.VARCHAR});
  }

  public void update(Person person) {
    jdbcTemplate.update("update person set name=? where id=?", new Object[]{person.getName(), person.getId()},
        new int[]{java.sql.Types.VARCHAR, java.sql.Types.INTEGER});
  }
}
在默认情况下,Spring会对RuntimeException异常进行回滚操作,而对Exception异常不进行回滚。可以显示的什么什么样的异常需要回滚,什么样的异常不需要回滚, 通过 @Transactional(noRollbackFor=RuntimeException.class)设置要求运行时异常不回滚 或者通过RollbackFor=Exception.class来要求需要捕获的异常回滚。
 
【注意】Spring对数据库的操作提供了强大的功能,比如RowMapper接口封装数据库字段与Java属性的映射、查询返回List的函数等,但是里面还要写一堆SQL语句还是比较烦人的,在这部分建议使用ibatis或hibernate来代替, 不知道Spring后期的版本会不会把这个整合到里面。
 
<dependency>
      <groupId>com.alibaba.external</groupId>
      <artifactId>sourceforge.spring</artifactId>
      <version>2.5.6</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.alibaba.external</groupId>
      <artifactId>jdbc.mysql.mysql-connector</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.6</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.alibaba.external</groupId>
      <artifactId>jakarta.commons.dbcp</artifactId>
      <version>1.4</version>
    </dependency>
 
 
 
 
posted @ 2012-04-12 09:51  牛伯温  阅读(257)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报