一手遮天 Android - kotlin 协程: Channel(信道,用于在不同协程之间传输数据)
一手遮天 Android - kotlin 协程: Channel(信道,用于在不同协程之间传输数据)
示例如下:
/kotlin/coroutine/Demo4.kt
/**
* Channel - 信道,用于在不同协程之间传输数据
*/
package com.webabcd.androiddemo.kotlin.coroutine
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
import android.os.Bundle
import android.util.Log
import com.webabcd.androiddemo.R
import kotlinx.android.synthetic.main.activity_kotlin_coroutine_demo3.*
import kotlinx.coroutines.*
import kotlinx.coroutines.channels.*
import kotlinx.coroutines.selects.select
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat
import java.util.*
class Demo4 : AppCompatActivity() {
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_kotlin_coroutine_demo4)
// 通过信道在不同协程之间发送和接收数据
button1.setOnClickListener {
sample1()
}
// 生产者/消费者模式
button2.setOnClickListener {
sample2()
}
// 多个协程使用一个信道发送数据
button3.setOnClickListener {
sample3()
}
// 多个协程使用一个信道接收数据
button4.setOnClickListener {
sample4()
}
// 信道缓冲区
button5.setOnClickListener {
sample5()
}
// 从多个信道同时接收数据
button6.setOnClickListener {
sample6()
}
}
fun sample1() {
CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.Default).launch {
// 创建一个信道,并指定此信道传输的数据类型
// 注:Channel 继承了 SendChannel(用于发送数据)和 ReceiveChannel(用于接收数据)
val channel = Channel<String>()
this.launch {
for (i in 1..3) {
delay(500)
appendMessage("send: $i")
// 发送数据(注:在没有缓冲区的情况下,发送数据会阻塞,直到发送的数据被接收为止)
channel.send("send: $i")
}
// 关闭发送(close() 来自 SendChannel)
channel.close()
// 关闭接收(cancel() 来自 ReceiveChannel)
// channel.cancel()
}
// 接收数据(接收数据会阻塞,直到接收到数据为止)
appendMessage("recv: ${channel.receive()}")
// 取消所有子协程(取消协程后,协程中的信道也会自动关闭)
// coroutineContext.cancelChildren()
// 迭代方式接收数据,信道关闭后则自动退出迭代
for (msg in channel) {
appendMessage("recv: $msg")
}
appendMessage("done")
}
// send: 1(DefaultDispatcher-worker-2)
// recv: send: 1(DefaultDispatcher-worker-1)
// send: 2(DefaultDispatcher-worker-1)
// recv: send: 2(DefaultDispatcher-worker-1)
// send: 3(DefaultDispatcher-worker-2)
// recv: send: 3(DefaultDispatcher-worker-1)
// done(DefaultDispatcher-worker-2)
}
// produce { } - 创建一个生产者(用于发送数据)
fun CoroutineScope.myProduce(): ReceiveChannel<String> = produce {
for (i in 1..3) {
delay(500)
appendMessage("send: $i")
channel.send("send: $i")
}
// 关闭发送
channel.close()
}
fun sample2() {
CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.Default).launch {
val myProduce = myProduce()
// consumeEach { } - 创建一个消费者(用于接收数据)
myProduce.consumeEach {
appendMessage("recv: $it")
}
appendMessage("done")
}
// send: 1(DefaultDispatcher-worker-2)
// recv: send: 1(DefaultDispatcher-worker-2)
// send: 2(DefaultDispatcher-worker-2)
// recv: send: 2(DefaultDispatcher-worker-2)
// send: 3(DefaultDispatcher-worker-2)
// recv: send: 3(DefaultDispatcher-worker-1)
// done(DefaultDispatcher-worker-2)
}
suspend fun sendString(channel: SendChannel<String>, s: String) {
while (true) {
delay(500)
appendMessage("send: $s")
channel.send(s)
}
}
fun sample3() {
CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.Default).launch {
val channel = Channel<String>()
// 多个协程使用一个信道发送数据
launch { sendString(channel, "aaa") }
launch { sendString(channel, "bbb") }
repeat(3) {
appendMessage("recv: ${channel.receive()}")
}
coroutineContext.cancelChildren()
}
// send: bbb(DefaultDispatcher-worker-1)
// send: aaa(DefaultDispatcher-worker-2)
// recv: aaa(DefaultDispatcher-worker-2)
// recv: bbb(DefaultDispatcher-worker-1)
// send: aaa(DefaultDispatcher-worker-1)
// send: bbb(DefaultDispatcher-worker-2)
// recv: bbb(DefaultDispatcher-worker-2)
}
fun CoroutineScope.launchReceiver(receiverId: Int, channel: ReceiveChannel<String>) = launch {
for (msg in channel) {
appendMessage("receiverId:$receiverId, msg:$msg")
}
}
fun sample4() {
CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.Default).launch {
val myProduce = produce {
for (i in 1..100) {
delay(500)
appendMessage("send: $i")
channel.send("send: $i")
}
}
// 多个协程使用一个信道接收数据
repeat(3) {
launchReceiver(it, myProduce)
}
delay(1800)
// 关闭接收
myProduce.cancel()
}
// send: 1(DefaultDispatcher-worker-1)
// receiverId:2, msg:send: 1(DefaultDispatcher-worker-1)
// send: 2(DefaultDispatcher-worker-2)
// receiverId:0, msg:send: 2(DefaultDispatcher-worker-2)
// send: 3(DefaultDispatcher-worker-2)
// receiverId:1, msg:send: 3(DefaultDispatcher-worker-1)
}
fun sample5() {
CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.Default).launch {
// 创建信道时可以指定信道缓冲区保存数据的最大条数(不指定的话,默认没有缓冲区)
// 1、在没有缓冲区的情况下,发送数据会阻塞,直到发送的数据被接收为止
// 2、在有缓冲区的情况下,缓冲区满后,发送数据会阻塞,直到缓冲区不再满为止
val channel = Channel<String>(5)
val job = launch {
repeat(10) {
appendMessage("send: $it")
channel.send("send: $it")
}
}
delay(1000)
job.cancel()
appendMessage("done")
}
// send: 0(DefaultDispatcher-worker-2)
// send: 1(DefaultDispatcher-worker-2)
// send: 2(DefaultDispatcher-worker-2)
// send: 3(DefaultDispatcher-worker-2)
// send: 4(DefaultDispatcher-worker-2)
// send: 5(DefaultDispatcher-worker-2)
// done(DefaultDispatcher-worker-2)
}
fun sample6() {
CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.Default).launch {
val channel1 = fun1()
val channel2 = fun2()
repeat(10) {
// 因为从信道接收数据是要阻塞的,直到接收到数据为止
// 所以,当你需要从多个信道接收数据时,一般来说要先从一个信道阻塞并接收,收到之后再从另一个信道阻塞并接收,这样就会导致不及时的问题
// 这种场景下,可以使用 select { } 同时从多个信道阻塞并接收,有一个信道收到了数据就退出
select<Unit> {
channel1.onReceive { value ->
appendMessage(value)
}
channel2.onReceive { value ->
appendMessage(value)
}
}
}
// 取消 channel1 协程和 channel2 协程,协程中的信道会自动关闭
// 当然,也可以通过 channel1.cancel() 和 channel2.cancel() 关闭接收
coroutineContext.cancelChildren()
}
// 05:54:54.448: fun1 0(DefaultDispatcher-worker-1)
// 05:54:54.626: fun1 1(DefaultDispatcher-worker-1)
// 05:54:54.693: fun2 0(DefaultDispatcher-worker-1)
// 05:54:54.826: fun1 2(DefaultDispatcher-worker-1)
// 05:54:55.029: fun1 3(DefaultDispatcher-worker-1)
// 05:54:55.194: fun2 1(DefaultDispatcher-worker-1)
// 05:54:55.235: fun1 4(DefaultDispatcher-worker-1)
// 05:54:55.438: fun1 5(DefaultDispatcher-worker-1)
// 05:54:55.640: fun1 6(DefaultDispatcher-worker-1)
// 05:54:55.696: fun2 2(DefaultDispatcher-worker-1)
}
fun CoroutineScope.fun1() = produce<String> {
repeat (100) {
delay(200)
send("fun1 $it")
}
}
fun CoroutineScope.fun2() = produce<String> {
repeat (100) {
delay(500)
send("fun2 $it")
}
}
fun appendMessage(message: String) {
val dateFormat = SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss.SSS", Locale.ENGLISH)
val time = dateFormat.format(Date());
val threadName = Thread.currentThread().name
CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.Main).launch{
val log = "$time: $message($threadName)"
textView1.append(log);
textView1.append("\n");
Log.d("coroutine", log)
}
}
}
/layout/activity_kotlin_coroutine_demo4.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">
<Button
android:id="@+id/button1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textAllCaps="false"
android:text="通过信道在不同协程之间发送和接收数据"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/button2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textAllCaps="false"
android:text="生产者/消费者模式"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/button3"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textAllCaps="false"
android:text="多个协程使用一个信道发送数据"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/button4"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textAllCaps="false"
android:text="多个协程使用一个信道接收数据"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/button5"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textAllCaps="false"
android:text="信道缓冲区"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/button6"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textAllCaps="false"
android:text="从多个信道同时接收数据"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/textView1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</LinearLayout>