maven配置文件详解
settings.xml
本篇文章主要对maven中setting.xml配置文件进行解释
1.声明规范
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
2.localRepository
<!-- 本地仓库的路径。默认值为 --> <localRepository>/opt/repository</localRepository>
3.interactiveMode
<!--Maven是否需要和用户交互以获得输入。如果Maven需要和用户交互以获得输入,则设置成true,反之则应为false。默认为true。--> <interactiveMode>true</interactiveMode>
4.usePluginRegistry
<!--Maven是否需要使用plugin-registry.xml文件来管理插件版本。如果需要让Maven使用文件来管理插件版本,则设为true。默认为false。--> <usePluginRegistry>false</usePluginRegistry>
5.offline
<!--表示Maven是否需要在离线模式下运行。如果构建系统需要在离线模式下运行,则为true,默认为false。当由于网络设置原因或者安全因素,构建服务器不能连接远程仓库的时候,该配置就十分有用。 --> <offline>false</offline>
6.pluginGroups
<!--当插件的组织Id(groupId)没有显式提供时,供搜寻插件组织Id(groupId)的列表。该元素包含一个pluginGroup元素列表,每个子元素包含了一个组织Id(groupId)。当我们使用某个插件,并且没有在命令行为其提供组织Id(groupId)的时候,Maven就会使用该列表。默认情况下该列表包含了org.apache.maven.plugins和org.codehaus.mojo --> <pluginGroups> <!--plugin的组织Id(groupId) --> <pluginGroup>org.codehaus.mojo</pluginGroup> </pluginGroups>
7.proxies
<!--用来配置不同的代理,多代理profiles 可以应对笔记本或移动设备的工作环境:通过简单的设置profile id就可以很容易的更换整个代理配置。 --> <proxies> <!--代理元素包含配置代理时需要的信息--> <proxy> <!--代理的唯一定义符,用来区分不同的代理元素。--> <id>myproxy</id> <!--该代理是否是激活的那个。true则激活代理。当我们声明了一组代理,而某个时候只需要激活一个代理的时候,该元素就可以派上用处。 --> <active>true</active> <!--代理的协议。 协议://主机名:端口,分隔成离散的元素以方便配置。--> <protocol>http</protocol> <!--代理的主机名。协议://主机名:端口,分隔成离散的元素以方便配置。 --> <host>proxy.somewhere.com</host> <!--代理的端口。协议://主机名:端口,分隔成离散的元素以方便配置。 --> <port>8080</port> <!--代理的用户名,用户名和密码表示代理服务器认证的登录名和密码。 --> <username>proxyuser</username> <!--代理的密码,用户名和密码表示代理服务器认证的登录名和密码。 --> <password>somepassword</password> <!--不该被代理的主机名列表。该列表的分隔符由代理服务器指定;例子中使用了竖线分隔符,使用逗号分隔也很常见。--> <nonProxyHosts>*.google.com|ibiblio.org</nonProxyHosts> </proxy> </proxies>
8.servers
<!--配置服务端的一些设置。一些设置如安全证书不应该和pom.xml一起分发。这种类型的信息应该存在于构建服务器上的settings.xml文件中。--> <servers> <!--服务器元素包含配置服务器时需要的信息 --> <server> <!--这是server的id(注意不是用户登陆的id),该id与distributionManagement中repository元素的id相匹配。--> <id>server001</id> <!--鉴权用户名。鉴权用户名和鉴权密码表示服务器认证所需要的登录名和密码。 --> <username>my_login</username> <!--鉴权密码 。鉴权用户名和鉴权密码表示服务器认证所需要的登录名和密码。密码加密功能已被添加到2.1.0 +。详情请访问密码加密页面--> <password>my_password</password> <!--鉴权时使用的私钥位置。和前两个元素类似,私钥位置和私钥密码指定了一个私钥的路径(默认是${user.home}/.ssh/id_dsa)以及如果需要的话,一个密语。将来passphrase和password元素可能会被提取到外部,但目前它们必须在settings.xml文件以纯文本的形式声明。 --> <privateKey>${usr.home}/.ssh/id_dsa</privateKey> <!--鉴权时使用的私钥密码。--> <passphrase>some_passphrase</passphrase> <!--文件被创建时的权限。如果在部署的时候会创建一个仓库文件或者目录,这时候就可以使用权限(permission)。这两个元素合法的值是一个三位数字,其对应了unix文件系统的权限,如664,或者775。 --> <filePermissions>664</filePermissions> <!--目录被创建时的权限。 --> <directoryPermissions>775</directoryPermissions> </server> </servers>
9.mirrors
<!--为仓库列表配置的下载镜像列表。高级设置请参阅镜像设置页面 --> <mirrors> <!--给定仓库的下载镜像。 --> <mirror> <!--该镜像的唯一标识符。id用来区分不同的mirror元素。 --> <id>planetmirror.com</id> <!--镜像名称 --> <name>PlanetMirror Australia</name> <!--该镜像的URL。构建系统会优先考虑使用该URL,而非使用默认的服务器URL。 --> <url>http://downloads.planetmirror.com/pub/maven2</url> <!--被镜像的服务器的id。例如,如果我们要设置了一个Maven中央仓库(http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/)的镜像,就需要将该元素设置成central。这必须和中央仓库的id central完全一致。--> <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf> </mirror> </mirrors>
10.profiles
<!--根据环境参数来调整构建配置的列表。settings.xml中的profile元素是pom.xml中profile元素的裁剪版本。它包含了id,activation, repositories, pluginRepositories和 properties元素。这里的profile元素只包含这五个子元素是因为这里只关心构建系统这个整体(这正是settings.xml文件的角色定位),而非单独的项目对象模型设置。如果一个settings中的profile被激活,它的值会覆盖任何其它定义在POM中或者profile.xml中的带有相同id的profile。 --> <profiles> <!--根据环境参数来调整的构件的配置--> <profile> <!--该配置的唯一标识符。 --> <id>test</id>
11.Activation
<!--自动触发profile的条件逻辑。Activation是profile的开启钥匙。如POM中的profile一样,profile的力量来自于它能够在某些特定的环境中自动使用某些特定的值;这些环境通过activation元素指定。activation元素并不是激活profile的唯一方式。settings.xml文件中的activeProfile元素可以包含profile的id。profile也可以通过在命令行,使用-P标记和逗号分隔的列表来显式的激活(如,-P test)。--> <activation> <!--profile默认是否激活的标识--> <activeByDefault>false</activeByDefault> <!--当匹配的jdk被检测到,profile被激活。例如,1.4激活JDK1.4,1.4.0_2,而!1.4激活所有版本不是以1.4开头的JDK。--> <jdk>1.5</jdk> <!--当匹配的操作系统属性被检测到,profile被激活。os元素可以定义一些操作系统相关的属性。--> <os> <!--激活profile的操作系统的名字 --> <name>Windows XP</name> <!--激活profile的操作系统所属家族(如 'windows') --> <family>Windows</family> <!--激活profile的操作系统体系结构 --> <arch>x86</arch> <!--激活profile的操作系统版本--> <version>5.1.2600</version> </os> <!--如果Maven检测到某一个属性(其值可以在POM中通过${name}引用),其拥有对应的name = 值,Profile就会被激活。如果值字段是空的,那么存在属性名称字段就会激活profile,否则按区分大小写方式匹配属性值字段--> <property> <!--激活profile的属性的名称--> <name>mavenVersion</name> <!--激活profile的属性的值 --> <value>2.0.3</value> </property> <!--提供一个文件名,通过检测该文件的存在或不存在来激活profile。missing检查文件是否存在,如果不存在则激活profile。另一方面,exists则会检查文件是否存在,如果存在则激活profile。--> <file> <!--如果指定的文件存在,则激活profile。 --> <exists>${basedir}/file2.properties</exists> <!--如果指定的文件不存在,则激活profile。--> <missing>${basedir}/file1.properties</missing> </file> </activation>
12.Repositories
<repository> <id>nexus</id> <name>local private nexus</name> <url>http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/groups/public</url> <releases><enabled>true</enabled></releases> <snapshots><enabled>true</enabled></snapshots> </repository> </repositories> <!--远程仓库列表,它是Maven用来填充构建系统本地仓库所使用的一组远程项目。 --> <repositories> <!--包含需要连接到远程仓库的信息 --> <repository> <!--远程仓库唯一标识--> <id>codehausSnapshots</id> <!--远程仓库名称 --> <name>Codehaus Snapshots</name> <!--如何处理远程仓库里发布版本的下载--> <releases> <!--true或者false表示该仓库是否为下载某种类型构件(发布版,快照版)开启。 --> <enabled>false</enabled> <!--该元素指定更新发生的频率。Maven会比较本地POM和远程POM的时间戳。这里的选项是:always(一直),daily(默认,每日),interval:X(这里X是以分钟为单位的时间间隔),或者never(从不)。 --> <updatePolicy>always</updatePolicy> <!--当Maven验证构件校验文件失败时该怎么做-ignore(忽略),fail(失败),或者warn(警告)。--> <checksumPolicy>warn</checksumPolicy> </releases> <!--如何处理远程仓库里快照版本的下载。有了releases和snapshots这两组配置,POM就可以在每个单独的仓库中,为每种类型的构件采取不同的策略。例如,可能有人会决定只为开发目的开启对快照版本下载的支持。参见repositories/repository/releases元素--> <snapshots> <enabled/><updatePolicy/><checksumPolicy/> </snapshots> <!--远程仓库URL,按protocol://hostname/path形式 --> <url>http://snapshots.maven.codehaus.org/maven2</url> <!--用于定位和排序构件的仓库布局类型-可以是default(默认)或者legacy(遗留)。Maven 2为其仓库提供了一个默认的布局;然而,Maven 1.x有一种不同的布局。我们可以使用该元素指定布局是default(默认)还是legacy(遗留)。 --> <layout>default</layout> </repository> </repositories> <!--发现插件的远程仓库列表。仓库是两种主要构件的家。第一种构件被用作其它构件的依赖。这是中央仓库中存储的大部分构件类型。另外一种构件类型是插件。Maven插件是一种特殊类型的构件。由于这个原因,插件仓库独立于其它仓库。pluginRepositories元素的结构和repositories元素的结构类似。每个pluginRepository元素指定一个Maven可以用来寻找新插件的远程地址。--> <pluginRepositories> <!--包含需要连接到远程插件仓库的信息.参见profiles/profile/repositories/repository元素的说明--> <pluginRepository> <releases> <enabled/><updatePolicy/><checksumPolicy/> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled/><updatePolicy/><checksumPolicy/> </snapshots> <id/><name/><url/><layout/> </pluginRepository> </pluginRepositories> </profile> </profiles>
13.activeProfiles
默认配置: <activeProfiles> <activeProfile>dev</activeProfile> <!-- <activeProfile>devitcast</activeProfile>--> </activeProfiles> 配置解释: <!--手动激活profiles的列表,按照profile被应用的顺序定义activeProfile。 该元素包含了一组activeProfile元素,每个activeProfile都含有一个profile id。任何在activeProfile中定义的profile id,不论环境设置如何,其对应的profile都会被激活。如果没有匹配的profile,则什么都不会发生。例如,env-test是一个activeProfile,则在pom.xml(或者profile.xml)中对应id的profile会被激活。如果运行过程中找不到这样一个profile,Maven则会像往常一样运行 --> <activeProfiles> <!-- --> <activeProfile>env-test</activeProfile> </activeProfiles> </settings>
配置示例:
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd"> <!-- localRepository | The path to the local repository maven will use to store artifacts. | | Default: ${user.home}/.m2/repository <localRepository>/path/to/local/repo</localRepository> --> <localRepository>/opt/repository/maven</localRepository> <!-- interactiveMode | This will determine whether maven prompts you when it needs input. If set to false, | maven will use a sensible default value, perhaps based on some other setting, for | the parameter in question. | | Default: true <interactiveMode>true</interactiveMode> --> <!-- offline | Determines whether maven should attempt to connect to the network when executing a build. | This will have an effect on artifact downloads, artifact deployment, and others. | | Default: false <offline>false</offline> --> <!-- pluginGroups | This is a list of additional group identifiers that will be searched when resolving plugins by their prefix, i.e. | when invoking a command line like "mvn prefix:goal". Maven will automatically add the group identifiers | "org.apache.maven.plugins" and "org.codehaus.mojo" if these are not already contained in the list. |--> <pluginGroups> <!-- pluginGroup | Specifies a further group identifier to use for plugin lookup. <pluginGroup>com.your.plugins</pluginGroup> --> </pluginGroups> <!-- proxies | This is a list of proxies which can be used on this machine to connect to the network. | Unless otherwise specified (by system property or command-line switch), the first proxy | specification in this list marked as active will be used. |--> <proxies> <!-- proxy | Specification for one proxy, to be used in connecting to the network. | <proxy> <id>optional</id> <active>true</active> <protocol>http</protocol> <username>proxyuser</username> <password>proxypass</password> <host>proxy.host.net</host> <port>80</port> <nonProxyHosts>local.net|some.host.com</nonProxyHosts> </proxy> --> </proxies> <!-- servers | This is a list of authentication profiles, keyed by the server-id used within the system. | Authentication profiles can be used whenever maven must make a connection to a remote server. |--> <servers> <!-- server | Specifies the authentication information to use when connecting to a particular server, identified by | a unique name within the system (referred to by the 'id' attribute below). | | NOTE: You should either specify username/password OR privateKey/passphrase, since these pairings are | used together. | <server> <id>deploymentRepo</id> <username>repouser</username> <password>repopwd</password> </server> --> <!-- Another sample, using keys to authenticate. <server> <id>siteServer</id> <privateKey>/path/to/private/key</privateKey> <passphrase>optional; leave empty if not used.</passphrase> </server> --> <server> <id>nexus</id> <username>admin</username> <password>admin123</password> </server> <server> <id>releases</id> <username>admin</username> <password>anonymous123</password> </server> <server> <id>snapshots</id> <username>admin</username> <password>anonymous123</password> </server> <server> <id>thirdparty</id> <username>admin</username> <password>anonymous123</password> </server> </servers> <!-- mirrors | This is a list of mirrors to be used in downloading artifacts from remote repositories. | | It works like this: a POM may declare a repository to use in resolving certain artifacts. | However, this repository may have problems with heavy traffic at times, so people have mirrored | it to several places. | | That repository definition will have a unique id, so we can create a mirror reference for that | repository, to be used as an alternate download site. The mirror site will be the preferred | server for that repository. |--> <mirrors> <!-- mirror | Specifies a repository mirror site to use instead of a given repository. The repository that | this mirror serves has an ID that matches the mirrorOf element of this mirror. IDs are used | for inheritance and direct lookup purposes, and must be unique across the set of mirrors. | <mirror> <id>mirrorId</id> <mirrorOf>repositoryId</mirrorOf> <name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name> <url>http://my.repository.com/repo/path</url> </mirror> --> <mirror> <id>nexus</id> <name>internal nexus repository</name> <url>http://10.0.0.241:9999/repository/maven-public/</url> <mirrorOf>*</mirrorOf> </mirror> </mirrors> <!-- profiles | This is a list of profiles which can be activated in a variety of ways, and which can modify | the build process. Profiles provided in the settings.xml are intended to provide local machine- | specific paths and repository locations which allow the build to work in the local environment. | | For example, if you have an integration testing plugin - like cactus - that needs to know where | your Tomcat instance is installed, you can provide a variable here such that the variable is | dereferenced during the build process to configure the cactus plugin. | | As noted above, profiles can be activated in a variety of ways. One way - the activeProfiles | section of this document (settings.xml) - will be discussed later. Another way essentially | relies on the detection of a system property, either matching a particular value for the property, | or merely testing its existence. Profiles can also be activated by JDK version prefix, where a | value of '1.4' might activate a profile when the build is executed on a JDK version of '1.4.2_07'. | Finally, the list of active profiles can be specified directly from the command line. | | NOTE: For profiles defined in the settings.xml, you are restricted to specifying only artifact | repositories, plugin repositories, and free-form properties to be used as configuration | variables for plugins in the POM. | |--> <profiles> <!-- profile | Specifies a set of introductions to the build process, to be activated using one or more of the | mechanisms described above. For inheritance purposes, and to activate profiles via <activatedProfiles/> | or the command line, profiles have to have an ID that is unique. | | An encouraged best practice for profile identification is to use a consistent naming convention | for profiles, such as 'env-dev', 'env-test', 'env-production', 'user-jdcasey', 'user-brett', etc. | This will make it more intuitive to understand what the set of introduced profiles is attempting | to accomplish, particularly when you only have a list of profile id's for debug. | | This profile example uses the JDK version to trigger activation, and provides a JDK-specific repo. <profile> <id>jdk-1.4</id> <activation> <jdk>1.4</jdk> </activation> <repositories> <repository> <id>jdk14</id> <name>Repository for JDK 1.4 builds</name> <url>http://www.myhost.com/maven/jdk14</url> <layout>default</layout> <snapshotPolicy>always</snapshotPolicy> </repository> </repositories> </profile> --> <!-- | Here is another profile, activated by the system property 'target-env' with a value of 'dev', | which provides a specific path to the Tomcat instance. To use this, your plugin configuration | might hypothetically look like: | | ... | <plugin> | <groupId>org.myco.myplugins</groupId> | <artifactId>myplugin</artifactId> | | <configuration> | <tomcatLocation>${tomcatPath}</tomcatLocation> | </configuration> | </plugin> | ... | | NOTE: If you just wanted to inject this configuration whenever someone set 'target-env' to | anything, you could just leave off the <value/> inside the activation-property. | <profile> <id>env-dev</id> <activation> <property> <name>target-env</name> <value>dev</value> </property> </activation> <properties> <tomcatPath>/path/to/tomcat/instance</tomcatPath> </properties> </profile> --> <profile> <id>apatch</id> <repositories> <repository> <id>re-apatch</id> <name>remote apatch</name> <url>http://inno.starhubdev.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url> <releases> <enabled>true</enabled> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled>true</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> </profile> <profile> <id>ibiblio</id> <repositories> <repository> <id>re-ibiblio</id> <name>remote ibiblio</name> <url>https://nexus.sourcesense.com/nexus/content/repositories/public/</url> <releases> <enabled>true</enabled> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled>true</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> </profile> <profile> <id>redev</id> <repositories> <repository> <id>re-nexus</id> <name>remote nexus</name> <url>http://repository.sonatype.org/content/groups/public/</url> <releases> <enabled>true</enabled> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled>true</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> </profile> <profile> <id>dev</id> <repositories> <repository> <id>nexus</id> <url>http://10.0.0.241:9999/nexus/content/groups/public</url> <releases><enabled>true</enabled></releases> <snapshots><enabled>true</enabled></snapshots> </repository> </repositories> <pluginRepositories> <pluginRepository> <id>nexus</id> <url>http://10.0.0.241:9999/nexus/content/groups/public</url> <releases><enabled>true</enabled></releases> <snapshots><enabled>true</enabled></snapshots> </pluginRepository> </pluginRepositories> </profile> </profiles> <!-- activeProfiles | List of profiles that are active for all builds. | <activeProfiles> <activeProfile>alwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile> <activeProfile>anotherAlwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile> </activeProfiles> --> </settings>