pyqt5-QMainWindow

1、介绍

QMainWindow是一个窗口组件，也是最常用的主窗口。

import sys

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QApplication
from PyQt5.uic import loadUi


class my_window:
    def __init__(self):
        self.ui = loadUi('ui\\main_window.ui')
        self.ui: QMainWindow
        self.ui.show()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication([])
    w = my_window()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

• self.ui这里即QMainWindow对象
• 某些文章中提到不支持创建没有中央小部件的主窗口，但实际测试可以
• QMainWindow和QWidget的主要区别是，前者具有菜单栏和工具栏设置

2、类和初始化

class QMainWindow(QWidget):
    def __init__(self, parent=None, flags, Qt_WindowFlags=None, Qt_WindowType=None, *args, **kwargs):
        pass

3、属性

类中具有的一些全局属性：

    AllowNestedDocks = 2
    AllowTabbedDocks = 4
    AnimatedDocks = 1
    ForceTabbedDocks = 8
    GroupedDragging = 32
    VerticalTabs = 16

4、方法

大多数方法在QWidget中已经声明，除了init和事件之外，几乎所有的方法如下：

QMainWindow(parent: typing.Optional[QWidget] = None, flags: Union[Qt.WindowFlags, Qt.WindowType] = Qt.WindowFlags())
addDockWidget(self, area: Qt.DockWidgetArea, dockwidget: QDockWidget)
addDockWidget(self, area: Qt.DockWidgetArea, dockwidget: QDockWidget, orientation: Qt.Orientation)
addToolBar(self, area: Qt.ToolBarArea, toolbar: QToolBar)
addToolBar(self, toolbar: QToolBar)
addToolBar(self, title: str) -> QToolBar
addToolBarBreak(self, area: Qt.ToolBarArea = Qt.TopToolBarArea)
centralWidget(self) -> QWidget
corner(self, corner: Qt.Corner) -> Qt.DockWidgetArea
createPopupMenu(self) -> QMenu
dockOptions(self) -> QMainWindow.DockOptions
dockWidgetArea(self, dockwidget: QDockWidget) -> Qt.DockWidgetArea
documentMode(self) -> bool
iconSize(self) -> QSize
insertToolBar(self, before: QToolBar, toolbar: QToolBar)
insertToolBarBreak(self, before: QToolBar)
isAnimated(self) -> bool
isDockNestingEnabled(self) -> bool
isSeparator(self, pos: QPoint) -> bool
menuBar(self) -> QMenuBar
menuWidget(self) -> QWidget
removeDockWidget(self, dockwidget: QDockWidget)
removeToolBar(self, toolbar: QToolBar)
removeToolBarBreak(self, before: QToolBar)
resizeDocks(self, docks: Iterable[QDockWidget], sizes: Iterable[int], orientation: Qt.Orientation)
restoreDockWidget(self, dockwidget: QDockWidget) -> bool
restoreState(self, state: Union[QByteArray, bytes, bytearray], version: int = 0) -> bool
saveState(self, version: int = 0) -> QByteArray
setAnimated(self, enabled: bool)
setCentralWidget(self, widget: QWidget)
setCorner(self, corner: Qt.Corner, area: Qt.DockWidgetArea)
setDockNestingEnabled(self, enabled: bool)
setDockOptions(self, options: Union[QMainWindow.DockOptions, QMainWindow.DockOption])
setDocumentMode(self, enabled: bool)
setIconSize(self, iconSize: QSize)
setMenuBar(self, menubar: QMenuBar)
setMenuWidget(self, menubar: QWidget)
setStatusBar(self, statusbar: QStatusBar)
setTabPosition(self, areas: Union[Qt.DockWidgetAreas, Qt.DockWidgetArea], tabPosition: QTabWidget.TabPosition)
setTabShape(self, tabShape: QTabWidget.TabShape)
setToolButtonStyle(self, toolButtonStyle: Qt.ToolButtonStyle)
setUnifiedTitleAndToolBarOnMac(self, set: bool)
splitDockWidget(self, after: QDockWidget, dockwidget: QDockWidget, orientation: Qt.Orientation)
statusBar(self) -> QStatusBar
tabifiedDockWidgets(self, dockwidget: QDockWidget) -> List[QDockWidget]
tabifyDockWidget(self, first: QDockWidget, second: QDockWidget)
tabPosition(self, area: Qt.DockWidgetArea) -> QTabWidget.TabPosition
tabShape(self) -> QTabWidget.TabShape
takeCentralWidget(self) -> QWidget
toolBarArea(self, toolbar: QToolBar) -> Qt.ToolBarArea
toolBarBreak(self, toolbar: QToolBar) -> bool
toolButtonStyle(self) -> Qt.ToolButtonStyle
unifiedTitleAndToolBarOnMac(self) -> bool
---------------
contextMenuEvent(self, event: QContextMenuEvent)
event(self, event: QEvent) -> bool
---------------
iconSizeChanged(self, iconSize: QSize) [signal]
tabifiedDockWidgetActivated(self, dockWidget: QDockWidget) [signal]
toolButtonStyleChanged(self, toolButtonStyle: Qt.ToolButtonStyle) [signal]

(1)menuBar

menuBar(self) -> QMenuBar 

• 返回菜单栏对象

(2)

restoreDockWidget(self, dockwidget: QDockWidget) -> bool

(3)setIconSize

setIconSize(self, iconSize: QSize)

 设置图标大小

（1）parent

• 获取父组件，注意不是当前组件继承的父类，而是该组件所绑定到的组件，一般是指在开发过程中声明组件时parent属性初始化指向的组件对象
• 测试，QMainWindow对象这里默认没有父组件，返回None值

（2）objectName

• 获取对象的名称，返回类型str，这是组件对象所必须的属性，在同一窗口下，组件名称需要唯一
• 组件名称可以用于调用对象

（2）setObjectName

• 设置组件对象的名称，参数为str类型

（3）iconSize

• 返回窗口图标的大小，类型PyQt5.QtCore.QSize(30, 30)

（4）setIconSize

setIconSize(self, QSize) 

• 设置图标的大小

5、事件

QMainWindow特地声明的事件只有这三个：

iconSizeChanged(self, iconSize: QSize) [signal]
tabifiedDockWidgetActivated(self, dockWidget: QDockWidget) [signal]
toolButtonStyleChanged(self, toolButtonStyle: Qt.ToolButtonStyle) [signal]