5.19
Python可视化训练
班级: 信2205-1 学号:20224074 姓名:王晨宇
一实验目的
l 使学生综合运用图形用户界面设计的概念；
l 使学生熟悉使用中间面板，组成层次复杂的GUI界面；
l 使学生掌握Python图形绘制和图像处理步骤与方法；
l 使学生掌握Python可视化处理的步骤、方法与编程；
二实验环境及实验准备
l 所需硬件环境为微机；
l 所需软件环境为Python 3.X等；
l 掌握Python下界面容器与基本组件的基本知识与应用；
l 掌握Python下事件处理模型；
l 掌握Python下图形绘制的方法；
三实验内容
（一）、设计实现电子算盘，并完成测试
【题目描述】
给小朋友设计一个电子算盘。要求绘制电子算盘界面，设计并实现打珠算过程（界面参考如下图示）。
界面右侧要求以图形绘制的方式绘制自画像，注意不能是图像文件显示的形式。
【源代码程序】
from tkinter import *
tk = Tk()
tk.title("电子算盘") # 窗口名称
tank = Canvas(tk, width=1000, height=600, bg='ivory') # 创建画板
tank.pack() # 显示画板
tank.create_rectangle(30, 30, 520, 190, width=3) # 左上侧方框
tank.create_rectangle(30, 190, 520, 570, width=3) # 左下侧方框
tank.create_oval(900, 400, 620, 120, fill='green')
tank.create_oval(800, 200, 850, 250, fill='black', tags='left')
tank.create_oval(670, 200, 720, 250, fill='black', tags='right')
tank.create_line(695, 320, 825, 320, width=5, tags='mouth')
backround_image = PhotoImage(file="C:/Users/王晨宇.MSI/Desktop/orange.png") # 上珠图片
backround_image2 = PhotoImage(file="C:/Users/王晨宇.MSI/Desktop/yellow.png") # 下珠图片
button = Button()
button1 = [button for i in range(5)] # 5个上珠
button2 = [[button for i in range(5)] for i in range(4)] # 四行，每行五个下珠
num = [[0 for i in range(5)] for i in range(4)] # 五个下珠分别对应的数值
num2 = [0 for i in range(5)] # 五个上珠分别对应的数值
def getNum(num, num2): # 计算算盘总和
sum_ = 0
for i in num:
for j in i:
sum_ += j
for i in num2:
sum_ += i
return sum_
def button_click_back(events): # 鼠标右击点击事件触发
widget = events.widget
for i in range(5):
if widget == button1[i]:
button1[i].place(x=40 + 100 * i, y=50 + 70 * 1)
num2[i] = 0
label = Label(tk, text="当前数字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4)
label.place(x=780, y=30)
for i in range(4):
for j in range(5):
if widget == button2[i][j]:
if i == 3:
button2[3][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 1))
num[3][j] = 0
label = Label(tk, text="当前数字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4)
label.place(x=780, y=30)
if i == 2:
button2[2][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 1))
button2[3][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 2))
num[2][j] = 0
num[3][j] = 0
label = Label(tk, text="当前数字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4)
label.place(x=780, y=30)
if i == 1:
button2[1][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 1))
button2[2][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 2))
button2[3][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 3))
num[1][j] = 0
num[2][j] = 0
num[3][j] = 0
label = Label(tk, text="当前数字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4)
label.place(x=780, y=30)
if i == 0:
button2[0][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 1))
button2[1][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 2))
button2[2][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 3))
button2[3][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 4))
num[0][j] = 0
num[1][j] = 0
num[2][j] = 0
num[3][j] = 0
label = Label(tk, text="当前数字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4)
label.place(x=780, y=30)
def button_click(events): # 鼠标左击点击事件触发
widget = events.widget
for i in range(5):
if widget == button1[i]:
button1[i].place(x=40 + 100 * i, y=50 + 70 * 0)
num2[i] = 10 ** (4 - i) * 5
label = Label(tk, text="当前数字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4)
label.place(x=780, y=30)
for i in range(4):
for j in range(5):
if widget == button2[i][j]:
if i == 3:
button2[0][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i - 3))
button2[1][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i - 2))
button2[2][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i - 1))
button2[3][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i))
num[0][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1
num[1][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1
num[2][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1
num[3][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1
label = Label(tk, text="当前数字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4)
label.place(x=780, y=30)
if i == 2:
button2[0][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210)
button2[1][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * 1)
button2[2][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * 2)
num[0][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1
num[1][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1
num[2][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1
label = Label(tk, text="当前数字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4)
label.place(x=780, y=30)
if i == 1:
button2[0][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210)
button2[1][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * 1)
num[0][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1
num[1][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1
label = Label(tk, text="当前数字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4)
label.place(x=780, y=30)
else:
button2[i][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * i)
num[0][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1
label = Label(tk, text="当前数字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4)
label.place(x=780, y=30)
for i in range(5): # 生成5个上珠
button1[i] = Button(tk, image=backround_image)
button1[i].bind("<Button-1>", button_click)
button1[i].bind("<Button-3>", button_click_back)
button1[i]["bg"] = "ivory"
button1[i]["border"] = "0"
button1[i].place(x=40 + 100 * i, y=50 + 70)
for i in range(4): # 四行，每行生成5个下珠
for j in range(5):
button2[i][j] = Button(tk, image=backround_image2)
button2[i][j].bind("<Button-1>", button_click)
button2[i][j].bind("<Button-3>", button_click_back)
button2[i][j]["bg"] = "ivory"
button2[i][j]["border"] = "0"
button2[i][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 1))
tk.mainloop()
【运行测试】
（二）、以（一）中的电子算盘为基础，设计并实现珠算测试器，并完成测试。
【题目描述】
给小朋友设计一个珠算测试器，要求能够完成珠算加减法的测试。具体的要求功能如下：
(1) 用户启动测试，输入用户名后系统随机生成特定数目的加减法测试题；
(2) 要求测试使用表盘式或数字时秒表进行界面计时显示（参考如上图示）；
(3) 对于每道测试题目，要求用户使用电子算盘完成珠算过程，当按下确认键时，将珠算结果与正确答案比对，并在界面上显示总题数、已答题数和已做对题数；
(4) 当测试完成，界面显示本次测试情况（包括用户名、测试题目及答题明细、对错情况、测试用时和测试成绩）
【源代码程序】
from random import randint
from tkinter import *
import tkinter.messagebox as msgbox
tk = Tk()
tk.title("电子算盘") # 窗口名称
tank = Canvas(tk, width=1000, height=600, bg='ivory') # 创建画板
tank.pack() # 显示画板
tank.create_rectangle(30, 30, 520, 190, width=3) # 左上侧方框
tank.create_rectangle(30, 190, 520, 570, width=3) # 左下侧方框
# tank.create_oval(900, 400, 620, 120, fill='yellow')
# tank.create_oval(800, 200, 850, 250, fill='black', tags='left')
# tank.create_oval(670, 200, 720, 250, fill='black', tags='right')
# tank.create_line(695, 320, 825, 320, width=5, tags='mouth')
backround_image = PhotoImage(file="C:/Users/王晨宇.MSI/Desktop/orange.png") # 上珠图片
backround_image2 = PhotoImage(file="C:/Users/王晨宇.MSI/Desktop/yellow.png") # 下珠图片
button = Button()
button1 = [button for i in range(5)] # 5个上珠
button2 = [[button for i in range(5)] for i in range(4)] # 四行，每行五个下珠
num = [[0 for i in range(5)] for i in range(4)] # 五个下珠分别对应的数值
num2 = [0 for i in range(5)] # 五个上珠分别对应的数值
counter = 0
sure = Button() # 确定按钮
st = Button() # 启动检测按钮
equation = Label() # 算式
answer = Label(width=50, height=7) # 答题情况
name = Entry() # 用户名输入
true_result = Label(width=50, height=4) # 上一题的正确答案
digit = Label(tk, bg='yellow', fg='blue', height=5, width=25, font='宋体 10 bold') # 计时器
true = 0 # 已做对题数
false = 0 # 做错题数
score = 0 # 题目得分
result = 0 # 每道题的正确答案
topic = "" # 题目
def run_counter(digit, second): # 计时器
def counting():
global counter
if second == 1:
counter += 1
else:
counter += 0
digit.config(text="计时器:" + str(counter))
digit.after(1000, counting)
counting()
def getNum(num, num2): # 计算算盘总和
sum_ = 0
for i in num:
for j in i:
sum_ += j
for i in num2:
sum_ += i
return sum_
def suanshi(): # 生成随机加减法测试题
answer = 0
operator = ""
num1 = 0
num2 = 0
p = randint(1, 2)
if p == 1:
while True:
num1 = randint(0, 99999)
num2 = randint(0, 99999)
if num1 + num2 <= 99999:
break
answer = num1 + num2
operator = "+"
elif p == 2:
while True:
num1 = randint(0, 99999)
num2 = randint(0, 99999)
if num1 - num2 > 0:
break
answer = num1 - num2
operator = "-"
equation = str(num1) + operator + str(num2)
return equation, answer
def button_click_back(events): # 鼠标右击点击事件触发
widget = events.widget
for i in range(5):
if widget == button1[i]:
button1[i].place(x=40 + 100 * i, y=50 + 70 * 1)
num2[i] = 0
label = Label(tk, text="当前数字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4)
label.place(x=780, y=30)
for i in range(4):
for j in range(5):
if widget == button2[i][j]:
if i == 3:
button2[3][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 1))
num[3][j] = 0
label = Label(tk, text="当前数字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4)
label.place(x=780, y=30)
if i == 2:
button2[2][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 1))
button2[3][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 2))
num[2][j] = 0
num[3][j] = 0
label = Label(tk, text="当前数字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4)
label.place(x=780, y=30)
if i == 1:
button2[1][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 1))
button2[2][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 2))
button2[3][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 3))
num[1][j] = 0
num[2][j] = 0
num[3][j] = 0
label = Label(tk, text="当前数字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4)
label.place(x=780, y=30)
if i == 0:
button2[0][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 1))
button2[1][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 2))
button2[2][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 3))
button2[3][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 4))
num[0][j] = 0
num[1][j] = 0
num[2][j] = 0
num[3][j] = 0
label = Label(tk, text="当前数字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4)
label.place(x=780, y=30)
def button_click(events): # 鼠标左击点击事件触发
widget = events.widget
for i in range(5):
if widget == button1[i]:
button1[i].place(x=40 + 100 * i, y=50 + 70 * 0)
num2[i] = 10 ** (4 - i) * 5
label = Label(tk, text="当前数字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4)
label.place(x=780, y=30)
for i in range(4):
for j in range(5):
if widget == button2[i][j]:
if i == 3:
button2[0][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i - 3))
button2[1][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i - 2))
button2[2][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i - 1))
button2[3][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i))
num[0][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1
num[1][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1
num[2][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1
num[3][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1
label = Label(tk, text="当前数字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4)
label.place(x=780, y=30)
if i == 2:
button2[0][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210)
button2[1][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * 1)
button2[2][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * 2)
num[0][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1
num[1][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1
num[2][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1
label = Label(tk, text="当前数字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4)
label.place(x=780, y=30)
if i == 1:
button2[0][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210)
button2[1][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * 1)
num[0][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1
num[1][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1
label = Label(tk, text="当前数字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4)
label.place(x=780, y=30)
else:
button2[i][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * i)
num[0][j] = 10 ** (4 - j) * 1
label = Label(tk, text="当前数字：" + str(getNum(num, num2)), width=30, height=4)
label.place(x=780, y=30)
def start():
global name
global equation
global sure
global result
global digit
global topic
st.place_forget()
digit.place(x=540, y=30)
run_counter(digit, 1)
Label(tk, text="用户名", bg="ivory").place(x=540, y=150)
name = Entry(tk, show='', font=('Arial', 14))
name.place(x=580, y=150)
p = suanshi()
topic = p[0]
result = p[1]
equation = Label(tk, text=topic, width=40, height=4)
equation.place(x=540, y=200)
sure = Button(text="确定", command=judge, width=10, height=3)
sure.place(x=850, y=200)
def judge(): # 判断结果
global true
global false
global score
global topic
global result
global true_result
if true + false == 5:
msgbox.showinfo('温馨提示', '恭喜您已做完所有题目！！！')
answer["text"] = "用户名:" + name.get() + "\n已答题数:" + str(true + false) + "\n做对题数:" + str(true) + "\n做错题数:" \
+ str(false) + "\n测试时长:" + str(counter) + "s" + "\n测试成绩:" + str(score) + "\n答题完毕！！！"
answer.place(x=540, y=400)
else:
print(getNum(num, num2), result)
if getNum(num, num2) == result:
true += 1
score += 20
else:
false += 1
answer["text"] = "总题数:5\n已答题数:" + str(true + false) + "\n已做对题数:" + str(true) + "\n做错题数:" + str(
false) + "\n得分:" + str(
score)
answer.place(x=540, y=400)
p = suanshi()
true_result["text"] = "上一题题目：" + topic + "\n上一题正确答案：" + str(result)
equation["text"] = p[0]
result = p[1]
equation.place(x=540, y=200)
true_result.place(x=540, y=300)
for i in range(5): # 生成5个上珠
button1[i] = Button(tk, image=backround_image)
button1[i].bind("<Button-1>", button_click)
button1[i].bind("<Button-3>", button_click_back)
button1[i]["bg"] = "ivory"
button1[i]["border"] = "0"
button1[i].place(x=40 + 100 * i, y=50 + 70)
for i in range(4): # 四行，每行生成5个下珠
for j in range(5):
button2[i][j] = Button(tk, image=backround_image2)
button2[i][j].bind("<Button-1>", button_click)
button2[i][j].bind("<Button-3>", button_click_back)
button2[i][j]["bg"] = "ivory"
button2[i][j]["border"] = "0"
button2[i][j].place(x=40 + 100 * j, y=210 + 70 * (i + 1))
st = Button(text="启动测试", command=start, width=50, height=10)
st.place(x=600, y=100)
tk.mainloop()
【运行测试】
四实验分析及问题思考
查找资料，结合实例代码，至少比较三种Python图形处理库或图像处理库的异同点。
【答案】
OpenCV是一个开源的计算机视觉库，可以用于图像处理、计算机视觉、机器学习等领域。OpenCV提供了丰富的图像处理功能，包括图像的读取、保存、显示、滤波、边缘检测、特征提取等。OpenCV支持多种编程语言，包括Python、C++、Java等。
PIL是Python的一个图像处理库，提供了丰富的图像处理功能，包括图像的读取、保存、缩放、旋转、裁剪等。PIL的功能相对简单，适合处理简单的图像处理任务。PIL支持多种图像格式，包括JPEG、PNG、BMP等。
scikit-image是一个基于Python的图像处理库，提供了丰富的图像处理算法和工具，包括图像滤波、边缘检测、分割等。scikit-image专注于图像处理算法的实现，适合处理复杂的图像处理任务。scikit-image与scikit-learn等机器学习库兼容，可以方便地进行图像处理和机器学习的结合
Python可视化训练
班级: 信2205-1 学号:20224074 姓名:王晨宇
实验自评
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实验内容 |
自评结果（在对应格内打ü） |
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不熟练 |
一般 |
比较熟练 |
熟练 |
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Python容器与组件的布局应用 |
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ü |
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Python界面事件设计 |
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ü |
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Python图形绘制应用 |
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ü |
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Python图像处理应用 |
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ü |
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实验体会
在进行 Python 可视化训练的过程中，我深刻体会到可视化的重要性和强大功能。通过使用 Python 的可视化库如 OpenCV、PIL和 scikit-image，我能够直观的方式呈现出来，帮助我更好操作，并实现功能
总的来说，通过 Python 可视化训练，我不仅提升了数据分析和可视化的能力，也拓展了对数据的理解和洞察力。我相信在今后的工作和学习中，数据可视化将成为我不可或缺的利器，帮助我更好地理解和应用数据
