Apache Linux下Apache安装步骤
Apache简介
Apache HTTP Server（简称Apache）是Apache软件基金会的一个开放源码的网页服务器，可以在大多数计算机操作系统中运行，由于其多平台和安全性被广泛使用，是最流行的Web服务器端软件之一。它快速、可靠并且可通过简单的API扩展，将Perl/Python等解释器编译到服务器中。关于更多Apache的介绍，可以参考百科“http://baike.baidu.com/view/28283.htm或官网http://www.apache.org/ 或 http://httpd.apache.org/的介绍。
Apache相关软件下载
Apache的相关软件包下载地址http://apr.apache.org/projects.html。
1. Apache HTTP Server
截止目前为止，Apache HTTP Server 目前最新的版本是 Apache httpd 2.4.6 Released， 下载地址：http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi#apache24。
2. APR and APR-Util包
截止目前为止，APR and APR-Util的最新版本如下，下载地址：http://apr.apache.org/download.cgi
- APR 1.4.8, released June 21, 2013
- APR-util 1.5.2, released April 4, 2013
- APR-iconv 1.2.1, released November 26, 2007
3. PCRE包
截止目前为止，PCRE最新的包为8.33，下载地址如下
可以下载了相关安装包，上传到/root/kerry这个临时目录。也可以直接通过wget下载。
Apache安装要求
下面是官方文档的要求，必须安装APR、APR-Util、PCRE，gcc-c++等包，文档URL地址http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/install.html。
Requirements
The following requirements exist for building Apache httpd:
APR and APR-Util
Make sure you have APR and APR-Util already installed on your system. If you don't, or prefer to not use the system-provided versions, download the latest versions of both APR and APR-Util from Apache APR, unpack them into ./srclib/apr and ./srclib/apr-util (be sure the directory names do not have version numbers; for example, the APR distribution must be under ./srclib/apr/) and use ./configure's --with-included-apr option. On some platforms, you may have to install the corresponding -dev packages to allow httpd to build against your installed copy of APR and APR-Util.
Perl-Compatible Regular Expressions Library (PCRE)
This library is required but not longer bundled with httpd. Download the source code from http://www.pcre.org, or install a Port or Package. If your build system can't find the pcre-config script installed by the PCRE build, point to it using the --with-pcre parameter. On some platforms, you may have to install the corresponding -dev package to allow httpd to build against your installed copy of PCRE.
Disk Space
Make sure you have at least 50 MB of temporary free disk space available. After installation the server occupies approximately 10 MB of disk space. The actual disk space requirements will vary considerably based on your chosen configuration options, any third-party modules, and, of course, the size of the web site or sites that you have on the server.
ANSI-C Compiler and Build System
Make sure you have an ANSI-C compiler installed. The GNU C compiler (GCC) from the Free Software Foundation (FSF) is recommended. If you don't have GCC then at least make sure your vendor's compiler is ANSI compliant. In addition, your PATH must contain basic build tools such as make.
Accurate time keeping
Elements of the HTTP protocol are expressed as the time of day. So, it's time to investigate setting some time synchronization facility on your system. Usually thentpdate or xntpd programs are used for this purpose which are based on the Network Time Protocol (NTP). See the NTP homepage for more details about NTP software and public time servers.
Perl 5 [OPTIONAL]
For some of the support scripts like apxs or dbmmanage (which are written in Perl) the Perl 5 interpreter is required (versions 5.003 or newer are sufficient). If you have multiple Perl interpreters (for example, a systemwide install of Perl 4, and your own install of Perl 5), you are advised to use the --with-perl option (see below) to make sure the correct one is used by configure. If no Perl 5 interpreter is found by the configure script, you will not be able to use the affected support scripts. Of course, you will still be able to build and use Apache httpd.
安装提示
Linux下，源码的安装一般由3个步骤组成：配置（configure）、编译（make）、安装（make install）。
过程中用到“configure --prefix=安装目录 --with-name=依赖库源码解压目录”；其中--prefix指的是安装目录，--with指的是安装本文件所依赖的库文件。
安装httpd时，进行指定安装，用到./configure --prefix
具体解释：“.”表示当前目录；“/”是目录分隔符；合起来就是当前目录下。
1)如不指定prefix，则可执行文件默认放在/usr/local/bin，库文件默认放在/usr/local/lib，配置文件默认放在/usr/local/etc，其它的资源文件放在/usr /local/share。如果你要卸载这个程序，要么在原来的make目录下用一次make uninstall（前提是make文件指定过uninstall）,要么去上述目录里面把相关的文件一个个手工删掉。
2)如指定prefix，直接删掉一个文件夹就够了。
注：
./configure的作用是检测系统配置，生成makefile文件，以便你可以用make和make install来编译和安装程序。
./configure是源代码安装的第一步，主要的作用是对即将安装的软件进行配置，检查当前的环境是否满足要安装软件的依赖关系，但并不是所有的tar包都是源代码的包。
你可以先命令ls，看有没有configure或者makefile文件。
1)如果有configure，就./configure，有很多参数。如果系统环境合适，就会生成makefile，否则会报错。
2)如果有makefile，就直接make，然后make install。
你还可以用rpm或者deb包来安装。而且现在的发行版都有自己的包管理器，比如apt或yum，一个命令就可以从源下载软件，还可以自动解决依赖问题。
Apache安装过程
Step 1：安装包gcc或gcc-c++
[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]# yum list gcc-c++
Loaded plugins: product-id, security, subscription-manager
Updating Red Hat repositories.
Available Packages
gcc-c++.x86_64 4.1.2-51.el5 rhel-debuginfo
[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]# yum list gcc
Loaded plugins: product-id, security, subscription-manager
Updating Red Hat repositories.
Installed Packages
gcc.x86_64 4.1.2-51.el5 installed
[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]# rpm -q gcc
gcc-4.1.2-51.el5
从上面可见gcc包已经安装，缺少gcc-c++包，那么接下来安装包gcc-c++,如果此处不安装该包，后面安装过程中会报错。（编译C）
[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]#yum install gcc-c++
Step 2：安装包APR和APR-Util
[root@getlnx05 kerry]# ls apr* （"kerry"是一个路径而已）
apr-1.4.8.tar.gz apr-util-1.5.2.tar.gz
[root@getlnx05 kerry]#
[root@getlnx05 kerry]# tar -zxvf apr-1.4.8.tar.gz
[root@getlnx05 kerry]# cd apr-1.4.8
[root@getlnx05 apr-1.4.8]# ls
新建目录/usr/local/apr，用作安装目录：
[root@getlnx05 apr-1.4.8]# mkdir /usr/local/apr
[root@getlnx05 apr-1.4.8]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
[root@getlnx05 apr-1.4.8]# make
[root@getlnx05 apr-1.4.8]# make install
安装完成后，可以验证一下。
[ root@getlnx05 apr]# ls -lrt
total 32
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Aug 15 06:57 include
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Aug 15 06:57 lib
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 15 06:57 build-1
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 15 06:57 bin
[root@getlnx05 kerry]# tar -zxvf apr-util-1.5.2.tar.gz
[root@getlnx05 kerry]# cd apr-util-1.5.2
[root@getlnx05 apr-util-1.5.2]# mkdir /usr/local/apr-util
[root@getlnx05 apr-util-1.5.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/bin/apr-1-config
[root@getlnx05 apr-util-1.5.2]# make
[root@getlnx05 apr-util-1.5.2]# make install
Step 3：安装包PCRE
[root@getlnx05 kerry]# unzip pcre-8.33.zip
[root@getlnx05 kerry]# cd pcre-8.33
[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]# mkdir /usr/local/pcre
[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/bin/apr-1-config
[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]# make
[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]# make install
Step 4：安装Apache
[root@getlnx05 kerry]# tar -zxvf httpd-2.4.6.tar.gz
[root@getlnx05 kerry]# cd httpd-2.4.6
[root@getlnx05 httpd-2.4.6]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --with-pcre=/usr/local/pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util
[root@getlnx05 httpd-2.4.6]# make
[root@getlnx05 httpd-2.4.6]# make install
Step 5：启动Apache服务
[root@getlnx05 httpd-2.4.6]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start
用浏览器访问http://localhost时提示It works!
Apache安装问题集锦
问题1：缺少包gcc-c++导致安装包apr-util不通过
[root@getlnx05 kerry]# unzip pcre-8.33.zip
[root@getlnx05 kerry]# cd pcre-8.33
[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util -with-apr=/usr/local/apr/bin/apr-1-config
一般出现这个错误是因为没有安装包gcc-c++,可以通过如下命令检查，
[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]# yum list gcc-c++
Loaded plugins: product-id, security, subscription-manager
Updating Red Hat repositories.
Available Packages
gcc-c++.x86_64 4.1.2-51.el5 rhel-debuginfo
[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]# yum list gcc
Loaded plugins: product-id, security, subscription-manager
Updating Red Hat repositories.
Installed Packages
gcc.x86_64 4.1.2-51.el5 installed
[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]# rpm -q gcc
gcc-4.1.2-51.el5
[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]# rpm -q gcc-c++
问题2：checking for APR-util... configure: error: the --with-apr-util parameter is incorrect
[root@getlnx05 httpd-2.4.6]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep
checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...
configure:
checking for APR... yes
setting CC to "gcc"
setting CPP to "gcc -E"
setting CFLAGS to " -g -O2 -pthread"
setting CPPFLAGS to " -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE"
setting LDFLAGS to " "
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime Utility library...
configure:
checking for APR-util... configure: error: the --with-apr-util parameter is incorrect. It must specify an install prefix, a build directory, or an apu-config file.
[root@getlnx05 httpd-2.4.6]#
一般是由于APR-util没有安装成功，可以通过验证该目录是否为空来判断，因为你有时候执行了make，忘了执行make isntall命令有可能导致这个错误。
[root@getlnx05 apr]# cd /usr/local/apr-util
[root@getlnx05 apr-util]# ls
问题3：没有指定PCRE参数
[root@getlnx05 httpd-2.4.6]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep
checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...
configure:
checking for APR... yes
setting CC to "gcc"
setting CPP to "gcc -E"
setting CFLAGS to " -g -O2 -pthread"
setting CPPFLAGS to " -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE"
setting LDFLAGS to " "
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime Utility library...
configure:
checking for APR-util... yes
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables...
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C99... -std=gnu99
checking for pcre-config... false
configure: error: pcre-config for libpcre not found. PCRE is required and available from http://pcre.org/
[root@getlnx05 httpd-2.4.6]#
问题4：安装前忘了先安装APR相关包
[root@getlnx05 httpd-2.4.6]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/appache/
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep
checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...
configure:
checking for APR... no
configure: error: APR not found. Please read the documentation.
[root@getlnx05 httpd-2.4.6]#
问题5：安装apr-util报错
错误内容：
make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/local/apr-util-1.6.1'
/bin/sh /usr/local/apr/build-1/libtool --silent --mode=compile gcc -g -O2 -pthread -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -I/usr/local/apr-util-1.6.1/include -I/usr/local/apr-util-1.6.1/include/private -I/usr/local/apr/include/apr-1 -o xml/apr_xml.lo -c xml/apr_xml.c && touch xml/apr_xml.lo
xml/apr_xml.c:35:19: 错误：expat.h：没有那个文件或目录
xml/apr_xml.c:66: 错误：expected specifier-qualifier-list before ‘XML_Parser’
xml/apr_xml.c: 在函数‘cleanup_parser’中:
xml/apr_xml.c:364: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp’的成员
xml/apr_xml.c:365: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp’的成员
xml/apr_xml.c: 在文件层：
xml/apr_xml.c:384: 错误：expected ‘;’, ‘,’ or ‘)’ before ‘*’ token
xml/apr_xml.c: 在函数‘apr_xml_parser_create’中:
xml/apr_xml.c:401: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp’的成员
xml/apr_xml.c:402: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp’的成员
xml/apr_xml.c:410: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp’的成员
xml/apr_xml.c:411: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp’的成员
xml/apr_xml.c:412: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp’的成员
xml/apr_xml.c:424: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp’的成员
xml/apr_xml.c:424: 错误：‘default_handler’未声明(在此函数内第一次使用)
xml/apr_xml.c:424: 错误：(即使在一个函数内多次出现，每个未声明的标识符在其
xml/apr_xml.c:424: 错误：所在的函数内也只报告一次。)
xml/apr_xml.c: 在函数‘do_parse’中:
xml/apr_xml.c:434: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp’的成员
xml/apr_xml.c:438: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp’的成员
xml/apr_xml.c:442: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp_err’的成员
xml/apr_xml.c:442: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp’的成员
xml/apr_xml.c: 在函数‘apr_xml_parser_geterror’中:
xml/apr_xml.c:500: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp_err’的成员
xml/apr_xml.c:500: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp_err’的成员
make[1]: *** [xml/apr_xml.lo] 错误 1
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/apr-util-1.6.1'
make: *** [all-recursive] 错误 1
[root@cdr02 apr-util-1.6.1]# yum inatsll expat-devel -y
已加载插件：product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
No such command: inatsll. Please use /usr/bin/yum --help
[root@cdr02 apr-util-1.6.1]# yum inatsll -y expat-devel
已加载插件：product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
No such command: inatsll. Please use /usr/bin/yum --help
[root@cdr02 apr-util-1.6.1]# make
make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/local/apr-util-1.6.1'
/bin/sh /usr/local/apr/build-1/libtool --silent --mode=compile gcc -g -O2 -pthread -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -I/usr/local/apr-util-1.6.1/include -I/usr/local/apr-util-1.6.1/include/private -I/usr/local/apr/include/apr-1 -o xml/apr_xml.lo -c xml/apr_xml.c && touch xml/apr_xml.lo
xml/apr_xml.c:35:19: 错误：expat.h：没有那个文件或目录
xml/apr_xml.c:66: 错误：expected specifier-qualifier-list before ‘XML_Parser’
xml/apr_xml.c: 在函数‘cleanup_parser’中:
xml/apr_xml.c:364: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp’的成员
xml/apr_xml.c:365: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp’的成员
xml/apr_xml.c: 在文件层：
xml/apr_xml.c:384: 错误：expected ‘;’, ‘,’ or ‘)’ before ‘*’ token
xml/apr_xml.c: 在函数‘apr_xml_parser_create’中:
xml/apr_xml.c:401: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp’的成员
xml/apr_xml.c:402: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp’的成员
xml/apr_xml.c:410: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp’的成员
xml/apr_xml.c:411: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp’的成员
xml/apr_xml.c:412: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp’的成员
xml/apr_xml.c:424: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp’的成员
xml/apr_xml.c:424: 错误：‘default_handler’未声明(在此函数内第一次使用)
xml/apr_xml.c:424: 错误：(即使在一个函数内多次出现，每个未声明的标识符在其
xml/apr_xml.c:424: 错误：所在的函数内也只报告一次。)
xml/apr_xml.c: 在函数‘do_parse’中:
xml/apr_xml.c:434: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp’的成员
xml/apr_xml.c:438: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp’的成员
xml/apr_xml.c:442: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp_err’的成员
xml/apr_xml.c:442: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp’的成员
xml/apr_xml.c: 在函数‘apr_xml_parser_geterror’中:
xml/apr_xml.c:500: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp_err’的成员
xml/apr_xml.c:500: 错误：‘apr_xml_parser’没有名为‘xp_err’的成员
make[1]: *** [xml/apr_xml.lo] 错误 1
解决办法：
安装expat库试试。yum install expat-devel
问题6：安装pcre报错
错误内容：invalid value of canonical build
解决办法：
检查“./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/bin/apr-1-config”是否有多余的空格。
问题7：make命令安装Apache时报错
错误内容：make[2]: *** [htpasswd] 错误 1
make[2]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/httpd-2.4.29/support'
make[1]: *** [all-recursive] 错误 1
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/httpd-2.4.29/support'
make: *** [all-recursive] 错误 1
解决办法：
由于安装的“apr”和“apr-util”的版本是V1.6，造成版本不兼容，需要安装它们的V1.5。
问题8：启动服务时报错
[root@getlnx05 httpd-2.4.6]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using getlnx05.gfg1.esquel.com. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
这个时候需要编辑httpd.conf配置文件，添加SeraverName的具体IP地址。如下所示。
[root@getlnx05 conf]# cd /usr/local/apache/conf/
[root@getlnx05 conf]# ls
extra httpd.conf magic mime.types original
[root@getlnx05 conf]# vi httpd.conf
ServerAdmin you@example.com
#
# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.
# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify
# it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.
#
# If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.
#
#ServerName www.example.com:80
ServerName 192.168.9.122:80
#
# Deny access to the entirety of your server's filesystem. You must
# explicitly permit access to web content directories in other
# <Directory> blocks below.
#
"httpd.conf" 502L, 18179C written
[root@getlnx05 conf]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl restart
如果从其它电脑连接访问Apache时，输入url地址：http://192.168.9.122页面没有显示正常，而上面配置也OK，那么你必须关闭防火墙，有时候甚至需要重启电脑才能OK,重启Apache服务都无效。
[root@getlnx05 conf]# chkconfig iptables off
[root@getlnx05 conf]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl restart
设置Apache的环境变量
设置Apache开机启动
1、[root@admin ~]# cp /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd （如果有其他的版本的Apache存在，也可以直接覆盖掉）
2、打开编辑（vim，键盘输入字母"i"）"/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd"文件，在 #!/bin/sh 下增加两行文字如下：
# chkconfig: 35 70 30
# description: Apache
3、注册该服务
[root@admin ~]# chkconfig –-add httpd
查看结果：[root@admin ~]# chkonfig --list
至此。转载请注明出处，记得扫码打赏支持哦，谢谢！
