AdapterView 和 RecyclerView 的连续滚动

AdapterView 和 RecyclerView 的连续滚动

概述


应用中一个常见的使用场景就是:当用户滚动浏览的项目时,会自动加载更多的项目(又叫做无限滚动)。它的原理是:当滚动到达底部之前,一旦当前剩余可见的项目达到了一个设定好的阈值,就会触发加载更多数据的请求。

本文列举了 ListViewGridViewRecyclerView 的实现方法。它们的实现都是类似的,除了 RecyclerView 还需要传入 LayoutManager,这是因为它需要给无限滚动提供一些必要的信息。

无论哪个控件,实现无限滚动所需要的信息无非就包括这么几点:检测列表中剩余的可见元素,在到达最后一个元素之前开始获取数据的阈值。这个阈值可以用来决定什么时候开始加载更多。

enter description here

示例图 1

要实现连续滚动的一个重点就是:一定要在用户到达列表的末尾前就获取数据。因此,添加一个阈值来让列表在预期的时候就加载数据。

enter description here

示例图片 2

ListView 和 GridView 的实现方式


每个 AdapterView (例如 ListViewGridView)都支持 onScrollListener 事件的绑定,只要用户滑动列表,就会触发该事件。使用该体系,我们就可以定义一个基础类:EndlessScrollListener,它继承自 OnScrollListener,可以适用于大多数情况:

  1. import android.widget.AbsListView;  
  2.  
  3. public abstract class EndlessScrollListener implements AbsListView.OnScrollListener
  4. // The minimum number of items to have below your current scroll position 
  5. // before loading more. 
  6. private int visibleThreshold = 5
  7. // The current offset index of data you have loaded 
  8. private int currentPage = 0
  9. // The total number of items in the dataset after the last load 
  10. private int previousTotalItemCount = 0
  11. // True if we are still waiting for the last set of data to load. 
  12. private boolean loading = true
  13. // Sets the starting page index 
  14. private int startingPageIndex = 0
  15.  
  16. public EndlessScrollListener()

  17.  
  18. public EndlessScrollListener(int visibleThreshold)
  19. this.visibleThreshold = visibleThreshold; 

  20.  
  21. public EndlessScrollListener(int visibleThreshold, int startPage)
  22. this.visibleThreshold = visibleThreshold; 
  23. this.startingPageIndex = startPage; 
  24. this.currentPage = startPage; 

  25.  
  26. // This happens many times a second during a scroll, so be wary of the code you place here. 
  27. // We are given a few useful parameters to help us work out if we need to load some more data, 
  28. // but first we check if we are waiting for the previous load to finish. 
  29. @Override 
  30. public void onScroll(AbsListView view, int firstVisibleItem, int visibleItemCount, int totalItemCount)  

  31. // If the total item count is zero and the previous isn't, assume the 
  32. // list is invalidated and should be reset back to initial state 
  33. if (totalItemCount < previousTotalItemCount) { 
  34. this.currentPage = this.startingPageIndex; 
  35. this.previousTotalItemCount = totalItemCount; 
  36. if (totalItemCount == 0) { this.loading = true; }  

  37. // If it's still loading, we check to see if the dataset count has 
  38. // changed, if so we conclude it has finished loading and update the current page 
  39. // number and total item count. 
  40. if (loading && (totalItemCount > previousTotalItemCount)) { 
  41. loading = false
  42. previousTotalItemCount = totalItemCount; 
  43. currentPage++; 

  44.  
  45. // If it isn't currently loading, we check to see if we have breached 
  46. // the visibleThreshold and need to reload more data. 
  47. // If we do need to reload some more data, we execute onLoadMore to fetch the data. 
  48. if (!loading && (firstVisibleItem + visibleItemCount + visibleThreshold) >= totalItemCount ) { 
  49. loading = onLoadMore(currentPage + 1, totalItemCount); 


  50.  
  51. // Defines the process for actually loading more data based on page 
  52. // Returns true if more data is being loaded; returns false if there is no more data to load. 
  53. public abstract boolean onLoadMore(int page, int totalItemsCount)
  54.  
  55. @Override 
  56. public void onScrollStateChanged(AbsListView view, int scrollState)
  57. // Don't take any action on changed 


注意:这是一个抽象类,要使用它,必须实现该类中的抽象方法:onLoadMore,用于检索新的数据。在 activity 中,可以用一个匿名内部类来实现这个抽象类,并把它绑定到适配器上。例如:

  1. public class MainActivity extends Activity
  2. @Override 
  3. protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
  4. // ... the usual  
  5. ListView lvItems = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lvItems); 
  6. // Attach the listener to the AdapterView onCreate 
  7. lvItems.setOnScrollListener(new EndlessScrollListener() { 
  8. @Override 
  9. public boolean onLoadMore(int page, int totalItemsCount)
  10. // Triggered only when new data needs to be appended to the list 
  11. // Add whatever code is needed to append new items to your AdapterView 
  12. loadNextDataFromApi(page);  
  13. // or loadNextDataFromApi(totalItemsCount);  
  14. return true; // ONLY if more data is actually being loaded; false otherwise. 

  15. }); 

  16.  
  17.  
  18. // Append the next page of data into the adapter 
  19. // This method probably sends out a network request and appends new data items to your adapter.  
  20. public void loadNextDataFromApi(int offset)
  21. // Send an API request to retrieve appropriate paginated data  
  22. // --> Send the request including an offset value (i.e `page`) as a query parameter. 
  23. // --> Deserialize and construct new model objects from the API response 
  24. // --> Append the new data objects to the existing set of items inside the array of items 
  25. // --> Notify the adapter of the new items made with `notifyDataSetChanged()` 


现在,当你滚动列表时,每当剩余元素到达阈值时,列表就会自动加载下一页的数据。该方法对于 GridView 来说,一样的有效。

RecyclerView 的实现方式


对于 RecyclerView 来说,我们也可以使用一个相似的方法:定义接口 EndlessRecyclerViewScrollListener;一个必须实现的方法 onLoadMore()。在 RecyclerView 中,LayoutManager 用于渲染列表元素并管理滚动,即提供与适配器相关的当前滚动位置的信息。基于上述理由,我们需要传入一个 LayoutManager 的实例,用于收集必须的信息,和用于确定加载更多数据的时机。

因此,RecyclerView 实现连续分页需要以下几个步骤:

  1. EndlessRecyclerViewScrollListener.java 类拷贝到你的项目中

  2. RecyclerView 上调用 addOnScrollListener() 方法来启用连续分页。给该方法传入 EndlessRecyclerViewScrollListener 的实例,当新页需要加载时,实现 onLoadMore() 方法

  3. onLoadMore() 方法中,加载更多数据,并把它们填充到列表中

代码示例如下:

  1. public class MainActivity extends Activity
  2. // Store a member variable for the listener 
  3. private EndlessRecyclerViewScrollListener scrollListener; 
  4.  
  5. @Override 
  6. protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
  7. // Configure the RecyclerView 
  8. RecyclerView rvItems = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.rvContacts); 
  9. LinearLayoutManager linearLayoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this); 
  10. rvItems.setLayoutManager(linearLayoutManager); 
  11. // Retain an instance so that you can call `resetState()` for fresh searches 
  12. scrollListener = new EndlessRecyclerViewScrollListener(linearLayoutManager) { 
  13. @Override 
  14. public void onLoadMore(int page, int totalItemsCount, RecyclerView view)
  15. // Triggered only when new data needs to be appended to the list 
  16. // Add whatever code is needed to append new items to the bottom of the list 
  17. loadNextDataFromApi(page); 

  18. }; 
  19. // Adds the scroll listener to RecyclerView 
  20. rvItems.addOnScrollListener(scrollListener); 

  21.  
  22. // Append the next page of data into the adapter 
  23. // This method probably sends out a network request and appends new data items to your adapter.  
  24. public void loadNextDataFromApi(int offset)
  25. // Send an API request to retrieve appropriate paginated data  
  26. // --> Send the request including an offset value (i.e `page`) as a query parameter. 
  27. // --> Deserialize and construct new model objects from the API response 
  28. // --> Append the new data objects to the existing set of items inside the array of items 
  29. // --> Notify the adapter of the new items made with `notifyItemRangeInserted()` 


复位连续滚动状态


当你准备执行新的搜索时,要确保清除列表上已经存在的数据,并马上通知适配器数据的变化。当然,还需要使用 resetState() 方法来重置 EndlessRecyclerViewScrollListener 的状态:

  1. // 1. First, clear the array of data 
  2. listOfItems.clear(); 
  3. // 2. Notify the adapter of the update 
  4. recyclerAdapterOfItems.notifyDataSetChanged(); // or notifyItemRangeRemoved 
  5. // 3. Reset endless scroll listener when performing a new search 
  6. scrollListener.resetState(); 

完整的连续滚动代码可以参考:code sample for usagethis code sample

故障排查


如果在开发中遇到问题,请考虑下述的建议:

  • 对于 ListView 来说,请一定在 ActivityonCreate() 方法 或 FragmentonCreateView() 方法中,给它设置 setOnScrollListener() 监听。否则,你可能会遇到一些想不到的问题

  • 要使分页系统可以可靠地、持续地工作,在给列表添加新的数据之前,你应该确保清除适配器的数据。对 RecyclerView 来说,当需要通知适配器数据有更新时,强烈建议使用精度更细的通知方法。

  • 要触发分页,始终记得 loadNextDataFromApi 方法调用时,需要把新数据添加到已经存在的数据源。按句话说,只有首次加载时才清除数据,以后的每次分页都是把新增的数据添加到原有的数据集中。

  • 如果你遇到了下述的错误:Cannot call this method in a scroll callback. Scroll callbacks might be run during a measure & layout pass where you cannot change the RecyclerView data,那你应该按照 Stack Overflow 中的解决办法对代码进行改造:

  1. // Delay before notifying the adapter since the scroll listeners  
  2. // can be called while RecyclerView data cannot be changed. 
  3. view.post(new Runnable() { 
  4. @Override 
  5. public void run()
  6. // Notify adapter with appropriate notify methods 
  7. adapter.notifyItemRangeInserted(curSize, allContacts.size() - 1); 

  8. }); 

在自定义的适配器中显示进度


想要在 ListView 的底部显示加载数据的进度,需要对适配器进行特殊处理。使用 getItemViewType(int position) 定义两种不同的视图类型,既正常行与最后一行的样子不同。

posted @ 2016-11-23 11:36  wchhuangya  阅读(5801)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报