Maven 项目中的 pom.xml 文件内容说明
下面是一个比较全面的 POM 文件的结构，当然常用的并不需要这么多配置，视自己的项目需求而定。
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <!-- groupId:项目或者组织的唯一标志，并且配置时生成的路径也是由此生成， 如com.mycompany.app生成的相对路径为：/com/mycompany/app --> <groupId>asia.banseon</groupId> <!-- artifactId: 项目的通用名称 --> <artifactId>banseon-maven2</artifactId> <!-- packaging: 打包的机制，如pom, jar, maven-plugin, ejb, war, ear, rar, par --> <packaging>jar</packaging> <!-- version:项目的版本 --> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <!--父项目 --> <parent> <groupId>com.ylink</groupId> <artifactId>parent</artifactId> <version>1.3</version> </parent> <!-- 项目的名称， Maven产生的文档用 --> <name>banseon-maven</name> <!-- 从哪个网站可以找到这个项目,提示如果Maven资源列表没有，可以直接上该网站寻找，Maven产生的文档用 --> <url>http://www.baidu.com/banseon</url> <!-- 项目的描述, Maven 产生的文档用 --> <description>A maven project to study maven.</description> <!-- 开发者信息 --> <developers> <developer> <id>HELLO WORLD</id> <name>banseon</name> <email>banseon@126.com</email> <roles> <role>Project Manager</role> <role>Architect</role> </roles> <organization>demo</organization> <organizationUrl>http://hi.baidu.com/banseon</organizationUrl> <properties> <dept>No</dept> </properties> <timezone>-5</timezone> </developer> </developers> <!-- 类似 developers --> <contributors></contributors> <!-- 本项目相关 mail list，用于订阅等信息 --> <mailingLists> <mailingList> <name>Demo</name> <!-- Link mail --> <post>banseon@126.com</post> <!-- mail for subscribe the project --> <subscribe>banseon@126.com</subscribe> <!-- mail for unsubscribe the project --> <unsubscribe>banseon@126.com</unsubscribe> <archive> http:/hi.baidu.com/banseon/demo/dev/ </archive> </mailingList> </mailingLists> <!-- 项目的问题管理系统(Bugzilla,Jira,Scarab,或任何你喜欢的问题管理系统)的名称和URL，本例为 jira --> <issueManagement> <system>jira</system> <url>http://jira.baidu.com/banseon</url> </issueManagement> <!-- organization information --> <organization> <name>demo</name> <url>http://www.baidu.com/banseon</url> </organization> <!-- License --> <licenses> <license> <name>Apache 2</name> <url>http://www.baidu.com/banseon/LICENSE-2.0.txt</url> <distribution>repo</distribution> <comments>A business-friendly OSS license</comments> </license> </licenses> <!-- scm(software configuration management)标签允许你配置你的代码库，为Maven web站点和其它插件使用。 如果你正在使用CVS或Subversion，source repository页面同样能给如何使用代码库的详细的、工具相关的指令。 下面是一个典型SCM的配置例子 --> <scm> <!-- 项目在 svn 上对应的资源 --> <connection> scm:svn:http://svn.baidu.com/banseon/maven/banseon/banseon-maven2-trunk(dao-trunk) </connection> <developerConnection> scm:svn:http://svn.baidu.com/banseon/maven/banseon/dao-trunk </developerConnection> <url>http://svn.baidu.com/banseon</url> </scm> <!-- 用于配置分发管理，配置相应的产品发布信息,主要用于发布，在执行mvn deploy后表示要发布的位置 --> <distributionManagement> <!-- 配置到文件系统 --> <repository> <id>banseon-maven2</id> <name>banseon maven2</name> <url>file://${basedir}/target/deploy</url> </repository> <!-- 使用ssh2配置 --> <snapshotRepository> <id>banseon-maven2</id> <name>Banseon-maven2 Snapshot Repository</name> <url>scp://svn.baidu.com/banseon:/usr/local/maven-snapshot</url> </snapshotRepository> <!-- 使用ssh2配置 --> <site> <id>banseon-site</id> <name>business api website</name> <url> scp://svn.baidu.com/banseon:/var/www/localhost/banseon-web </url> </site> </distributionManagement> <!-- 依赖关系 --> <dependencies> <!--项目的模块依赖 --> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> <!-- scope 说明 -compile ：默认范围，用于编译 -provided：类似于编译，但支持你期待jdk或者容器提供，类似于classpath -runtime: 在执行时，需要使用 -test: 用于test任务时使用 -system: 需要外在提供相应的元素。通过systemPath来取得 -systemPath: 仅用于范围为system。提供相应的路径 -optional: 标注可选，当项目自身也是依赖时。用于连续依赖时使用 --> <scope>test</scope> <!-- <type>jar</type> <optional>true</optional> --> </dependency> <!--外在告诉maven你只包括指定的项目，不包括相关的依赖。此因素主要用于解决版本冲突问题 如下依赖表示 项目acegi-security依赖 org.springframework.XXX 项目，但我们不需要引用这些项目 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.acegisecurity</groupId> <artifactId>acegi-security</artifactId> <version>1.0.5</version> <scope>runtime</scope> <exclusions> <exclusion> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <artifactId>spring-support</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId> <groupId>commons-logging</groupId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <artifactId>spring-remoting</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring</artifactId> <version>2.5.1</version> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>2.5.1</version> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>postgresql</groupId> <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId> <version>8.2-504.jdbc4</version> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.oracle</groupId> <artifactId>ojdbc6</artifactId> <version>11.1.0.6</version> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <!--maven proxy, 本地仓库，替代 maven.apache.org 网站 jar 列表，用户下载时，首先寻找该站点 如资源找到，则下载。否则才去 jar 列表网站。对多人团队，可节省下载速度和个人存储空间。 --> <repositories> <repository> <id>banseon-repository-proxy</id> <name>banseon-repository-proxy</name> <url>http://192.168.1.169:9999/repository/</url> <layout>default</layout> </repository> </repositories> <!--插件库 --> <pluginRepositories> <pluginRepository> <id>banseon-repository-proxy</id> <name>banseon-repository-proxy</name> <url>http://192.168.1.169:9999/repository/</url> </pluginRepository> </pluginRepositories> <!-- build配置 --> <build> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <!-- 资源根目录排除各环境的配置，防止在生成目录中多余其它目录 --> <excludes> <exclude>prod/*</exclude> <exclude>dev/*</exclude> <exclude>test/*</exclude> </excludes> </resource> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources/${profiles.active}</directory> </resource> </resources> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> <configuration> <packagingExcludes>WEB-INF/web.xml</packagingExcludes> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.1</version> <configuration> <encoding>utf8</encoding> <source>1.8</source> <target>1.8</target> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <includes> <include>**/com/**</include> </includes> <outputDirectory>target/${project.artifactId}-${project.version}/WEB-INF/lib</outputDirectory> </configuration> <executions> <execution> <phase>prepare-package</phase> <goals> <goal>jar</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId> <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> <configuration> <port>8888</port> <path>/</path> <uriEncoding>UTF-8</uriEncoding> <server>tomcat7</server> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> <!-- 资源目录配置，这里可以区分开发，测试，生产环境，只需要把相应的activeByDefault修改为true即可 --> <profiles> <profile> <id>dev</id> <properties> <profiles.active>dev</profiles.active> </properties> <activation> <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault> </activation> </profile> <profile> <id>test</id> <properties> <profiles.active>test</profiles.active> </properties> <activation> <activeByDefault>false</activeByDefault> </activation> </profile> <profile> <id>prod</id> <properties> <profiles.active>prod</profiles.active> </properties> <activation> <activeByDefault>false</activeByDefault> </activation> </profile> </profiles> </project>
下面我贴一个常用的 POM 文件结构。
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.test.mall</groupId> <artifactId>wb_test_service</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <version>0.0.1</version> <name>jd_market_service Maven Webapp</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <encoding>UTF-8</encoding> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.11</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>4.3.2.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>1.2.16</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpcore</artifactId> <version>4.4.4</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId> <version>4.5.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-io</groupId> <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId> <version>2.4</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId> <artifactId>gson</artifactId> <version>2.2.4</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>redis.clients</groupId> <artifactId>jedis</artifactId> <version>2.5.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId> <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId> <version>1.8.9</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>cglib</groupId> <artifactId>cglib-nodep</artifactId> <version>2.1_3</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.inject</groupId> <artifactId>javax.inject</artifactId> <version>1</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <!-- 资源根目录排除各环境的配置，防止在生成目录中多余其它目录 --> <excludes> <exclude>prod/*</exclude> <exclude>dev/*</exclude> <exclude>test/*</exclude> </excludes> </resource> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources/${profiles.active}</directory> </resource> </resources> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> <configuration> <packagingExcludes>WEB-INF/web.xml</packagingExcludes> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.1</version> <configuration> <encoding>utf8</encoding> <source>1.8</source> <target>1.8</target> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <includes> <include>**/com/**</include> </includes> <outputDirectory>target/${project.artifactId}-${project.version}/WEB-INF/lib</outputDirectory> </configuration> <executions> <execution> <phase>prepare-package</phase> <goals> <goal>jar</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId> <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> <configuration> <port>8888</port> <path>/</path> <uriEncoding>UTF-8</uriEncoding> <server>tomcat7</server> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> <profiles> <profile> <id>dev</id> <properties> <profiles.active>dev</profiles.active> </properties> <activation> <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault> </activation> </profile> <profile> <id>test</id> <properties> <profiles.active>test</profiles.active> </properties> <activation> <activeByDefault>false</activeByDefault> </activation> </profile> <profile> <id>prod</id> <properties> <profiles.active>prod</profiles.active> </properties> <activation> <activeByDefault>false</activeByDefault> </activation> </profile> </profiles> </project>
