zabbix 接口 | zabbix api 实践
原文地址：https://www.jianshu.com/p/d5faa110e78e
zabbix 接口地址：https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/3.2/manual/api/reference/maintenance/object
zabbix 优势在于其丰富的api功能，可以高度定制化、扩展。笔者也是在使用了1年的API中收获颇丰。在cmdb资产管理功能、微信操作控制zabbix功能、获取zabbix数据制作报表等都利用到了zabbix api。
笔者把脚本脚本分为三个部分
- 1.登陆脚本 login.py
- 2.定义函数脚本 function.py
- 3.调用执行脚本 zabbix.py
登陆脚本 login.py
#!/usr/bin/env python import urllib2 import json #定义URL账户密码 url = 'http://zabbixip/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php' username = 'admin' password = 'password' #定义通过HTTP方式访问API地址的函数，后面每次请求API的各个方法都会调用这个函数 def requestJson(url,values): data = json.dumps(values) req = urllib2.Request(url, data, {'Content-Type': 'application/json-rpc'}) response = urllib2.urlopen(req, data) output = json.loads(response.read()) # print output try: message = output['result'] except: message = output['error']['data'] print message quit() return output['result'] #API接口认证的函数，登录成功会返回一个Token def authenticate(url, username, password): values = {'jsonrpc': '2.0', 'method': 'user.login', 'params': { 'user': username, 'password': password }, 'id': '0' } idvalue = requestJson(url,values) return idvalue
定义函数脚本 function.py
(这里只是部分函数供参考更多查看官方文档)
#!/usr/bin/env python #coding=utf-8 import sys import argparse import urllib2 import json #定义更新action函数 def mediatypeupdate(mediatypeid,status,auth): values = {'jsonrpc': '2.0', 'method': 'mediatype.update', 'params': { "mediatypeid": mediatypeid, "status": status }, 'auth': auth, 'id': '1' } output = requestJson(url,values) #定义读取状态函数 def triggerget(auth): values = {'jsonrpc': '2.0', "method":"trigger.get", "params": { "output": [ "triggerid", "description", "priority" ], "filter": { "value": 1 }, "expandData":"hostname", "sortfield": "priority", "sortorder": "DESC" }, 'auth': auth, 'id': '2' } output = requestJson(url,values) return output #定义通过ip获取主机id的函数 def ipgetHostsid(ip,url,auth): values = {'jsonrpc': '2.0', 'method': 'host.get', 'params': { 'output': [ "host" ], 'filter': { 'ip': ip }, }, 'auth': auth, 'id': '3' } output = requestJson(url,values) return output #定义通过主机id获取开启关闭监控函数 def idupdatehost(status,hostid,url,auth): values = {'jsonrpc': '2.0', 'method': 'host.update', 'params': { "hostid": hostid, "status": status }, 'auth': auth, 'id': '4' } output = requestJson(url,values) return output #定义通过项目hostid获取itemid函数 def getHostsitemsid(hostid,itemsname,url,auth): values = {'jsonrpc': '2.0', 'method': "item.get", "params": { "output": ["itemids"], "hostids": hostid, "filter":{ "key_": itemsname, }, }, 'auth': auth, 'id': '5' } output = requestJson(url,values) if len(output)==0: return output else: return output[0]['itemid'] #定义通过项目id获取监控项目最近值信息的函数 def getHostsitemsvalue(itemid,url,auth): values = {'jsonrpc': '2.0', 'method': "history.get", "params": { "output": "extend", "history":3, "itemids":itemid, "sortfield": "clock", "sortorder": "DESC", "limit":1, }, 'auth': auth, 'id': '6' } output = requestJson(url,values) if len(output)==0: return output else: return output[0]["value"] #定义更新读取状态action函数 def mediatypeget(mediatypeid,auth): values = {'jsonrpc': '2.0', 'method': 'mediatype.get', 'params': { "output": "extend", "filter": { "mediatypeid":mediatypeid, }, }, 'auth': auth, 'id': '7' } output = requestJson(url,values) if len(output)==0: return output else: return output[0]['status'] #定义maintenance维修模式host函数 def maintenancecreate(maintenancename,active_since,active_till,hostid,auth): values = {'jsonrpc': '2.0', 'method': 'maintenance.create', 'params': { "name": maintenancename, "active_since": active_since, "active_till": active_till, "hostids": [ hostid ], "timeperiods": [ { "timeperiod_type": 0, "every": 1, "dayofweek": 64, "start_time": 64800, "period": 3600 } ] }, 'auth': auth, 'id': '8' } output = requestJson(url,values) #定义通过模糊获取关闭主机信息函数 def disabledhostget(url,auth): values = {'jsonrpc': '2.0', 'method': 'host.get', "params": { "output": ["host"], 'selectInterfaces': [ "ip" ], "filter": { "status":1 } }, 'auth': auth, 'id': '9' } output = requestJson(url,values) return output #定义maintenance维修模式group函数 def maintenancecreategroup(maintenancename,active_since,active_till,groupid,auth): values = {'jsonrpc': '2.0', 'method': 'maintenance.create', 'params': { "name": maintenancename, "active_since": active_since, "active_till": active_till, "groupids": [ groupid ], "timeperiods": [ { "timeperiod_type": 0, "every": 1, "dayofweek": 64, "start_time": 64800, "period": 3600 } ] }, 'auth': auth, 'id': '10' } output = requestJson(url,values) #定义通过host groups named 获取groupid def groupnameGroupid(groupname,auth): values = {'jsonrpc': '2.0', 'method': 'hostgroup.get', "params": { "output": "extend", "filter": { "name": [ groupname ] } }, 'auth': auth, 'id': '11' } output = requestJson(url,values) return output #定义模糊查询维护主机 def maintenanceget(url,auth): values = {'jsonrpc': '2.0', 'method': 'maintenance.get', "params": { "output": "extend", }, 'auth': auth, 'id': '12' } output = requestJson(url,values) return output #定义批量恢复处于维护主机 def maintenancedelete(maintenanceid,url,auth): values = {'jsonrpc': '2.0', 'method': 'maintenance.delete', "params": [ maintenanceid ], 'auth': auth, 'id': '13' } output = requestJson(url,values) return output #定义通过hostid获取graphid的函数 def getgraphid(hostid,graphname,url,auth): values = {'jsonrpc': '2.0', 'method': 'graph.get', 'params': { "output": "name", "hostids": hostid, "sortfield": "name", 'filter': { "name": graphname }, }, 'auth': auth, 'id': '14' } output = requestJson(url,values) return output
调用执行脚本 zabbix.py
1. 关闭、启用主机监控（poweronoff.py）
#!/usr/bin/env python #coding=utf-8 import urllib2 import sys import json import argparse from login import * from function import * #登陆zabbix获取auth auth = authenticate(url, username, password) #状态0是启用监控，1是禁用监控 status=1 #定义操作ip hostip='192.168.1.100' #通过hostip获取zabbix hostid hostids=ipgetHostsid(hostip,url,auth) hostid=hostids[0]['hostid'] #通过主机id开启关闭监控 idupdatehost(status,hostid,url,auth)
2. 添加维护周期（maintenance.py）
#!/usr/bin/env python #coding=utf-8 import urllib2 import sys import json import argparse import time from login import * from function import * def timetostamp(strtime): timeArrary = time.strptime(strtime, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M") return int(time.mktime(timeArrary)) ''' if __name__ == '__main__': __name__ 是当前模块名，当模块被直接运行时模块名为 __main__ 。 这句话的意思就是，当模块被直接运行时，以下代码块将被运行，当模块是被导入时，代码块不被运行。 在你import别的py文件时，那个py文件会被存一份pyc加速下次装载。而主文件因为只需要装载一次就没有存pyc ''' #登陆zabbix获取auth auth = authenticate(url, username, password) hostip='10.10.10.10' groupname='Zabbix Agent' #通过hostip获取zabbix hostid hostids=ipgetHostsid(hostip,url,auth) hostid=hostids[0]['hostid'] #通过groupname获取zabbix groupid groupids=groupnameGroupid(groupname,auth) groupid=groupids[0]['groupid'] # 名称，描述，注意name不能重复 name='Zabbix Agent group更新维护' desc = "这是一次全服更新维护，请悉知！" # 维护时间 dt_since = '2018-01-18 11:25' dt_till = '2018-01-18 13:25' active_since = timetostamp(dt_since) active_till = timetostamp(dt_till) # 开始生效时间 dt_start = '2018-01-18 12:30' start_date = timetostamp(dt_start) # 持续时间，单位秒 period = 600 print 'period=%ds' % period if __name__ == '__main__': maintenancecreate(name,active_since,active_till,desc,hostid,start_date,period,auth) maintenancecreategroup(name,active_since,active_till,desc,groupid,start_date,period,auth)
