Web UI自动化测试框架Seldom实战 二
1.1、seldom 提供了8中定位方式，与Selenium保持一致。
- id_
- name
- class_name
- tag
- link_text
- partial_link_text
- css
- xpath
import seldom class YouTest(seldom.TestCase): def test_case(self): """a simple test case """ #打开百度页面 self.open("https://www.baidu.com") #根据id定位元素“kw”并输入seldom self.type(id_="kw", text="seldom") #点击 self.click(css="#su") #断言浏览器title是seldom_百度搜索 self.assertTitle("seldom_百度搜索")
8种定位用法：
self.type(id_="kw", text="seldom") self.type(name="wd", text="seldom") self.type(class_name="s_ipt", text="seldom") self.type(tag="input", text="seldom") self.type(link_text="hao123", text="seldom") self.type(partial_link_text="hao", text="seldom") self.type(xpath="//input[@id='kw']", text="seldom") self.type(css="#kw", text="seldom")
1.2、定位一组元素
有时候我们通过一种定位写法不能找到单个元素，需要在一种定位方式中使用下标，在seldom中可以通过index指定下标。
selenium中的写法
driver.find_elements_by_tag_name("input")[7].send_keys("selenium")
seldom中的写法，在seldom中不指定index默认下标为0。
self.type(tag="input", index=7, text="seldom")
2、seldom API
seldom 简化了selenium中的API，在webdriver.py中以最简单的方式操作Web页面。所有API如下：
# Accept warning box. self.accept_alert() # Adds a cookie to your current session. self.add_cookie({'name' : 'foo', 'value' : 'bar'}) # Adds a cookie to your current session. cookie_list = [ {'name' : 'foo', 'value' : 'bar'}, {'name' : 'foo', 'value' : 'bar'} ] self.add_cookie(cookie_list) # Clear the contents of the input box. self.clear(css="#el") # It can click any text / image can be clicked # Connection, check box, radio buttons, and even drop-down box etc.. self.click(css="#el") # Mouse over the element. self.move_to_element(css="#el") # Click the element by the link text self.click_text("新闻") # Simulates the user clicking the "close" button in the titlebar of a popup window or tab. self.close() # Delete all cookies in the scope of the session. self.delete_all_cookies() # Deletes a single cookie with the given name. self.delete_cookie('my_cookie') # Dismisses the alert available. self.dismiss_alert() # Double click element. self.double_click(css="#el") # Execute JavaScript scripts. self.execute_script("window.scrollTo(200,1000);") # Setting width and height of window scroll bar. self.window_scroll(width=300, height=500) # Setting width and height of element scroll bar. self.element_scroll(css=".class", width=300, height=500) # get url. self.get("https://www.baidu.com") # Gets the text of the Alert. self.get_alert_text() # Gets the value of an element attribute. self.get_attribute(css="#el", attribute="type") # Returns information of cookie with ``name`` as an object. self.get_cookie() # Returns a set of dictionaries, corresponding to cookies visible in the current session. self.get_cookies() # Gets the element to display,The return result is true or false. self.get_display(css="#el") # Get element text information. self.get_text(css="#el") # Get window title. self.get_title() # Get the URL address of the current page. self.get_url() # Set browser window maximized. self.max_window() # Mouse over the element. self.move_to_element(css="#el") # open url. self.open("https://www.baidu.com") # Open the new window and switch the handle to the newly opened window. self.open_new_window(link_text="注册") # Quit the driver and close all the windows. self.quit() # Refresh the current page. self.refresh() # Right click element. self.right_click(css="#el") # Saves a screenshots of the current window to a PNG image file. self.screenshots('/Screenshots/foo.png') ''' Constructor. A check is made that the given element is, indeed, a SELECT tag. If it is not, then an UnexpectedTagNameException is thrown. <select name="NR" id="nr"> <option value="10" selected="">每页显示10条</option> <option value="20">每页显示20条</option> <option value="50">每页显示50条</option> </select> ''' self.select(css="#nr", value='20') self.select(css="#nr", text='每页显示20条') self.select(css="#nr", index=2) # Set browser window wide and high. self.set_window(wide,high) # Submit the specified form. driver.submit(css="#el") # Switch to the specified frame. self.switch_to_frame(css="#el") # Returns the current form machine form at the next higher level. # Corresponding relationship with switch_to_frame () method. self.switch_to_frame_out() # Switches focus to the specified window. self.switch_to_window('main') # Operation input box. self.type(css="#el", text="selenium") # Implicitly wait.All elements on the page. self.wait(10) # Setting width and height of window scroll bar. self.window_scroll(width=300, height=500) # Returns the handle of the current window. self.current_window_handle # Returns the handle of the new window. self.new_window_handle # Returns the handles of all windows within the current session. self.window_handles #文件上传 # Single file upload filePath = r'C:\Users\admin\Desktop\文本文档.txt' self.type(css='.upload-button>input', text=filePath) # Multiple files upload filePath = r'C:\Users\admin\Desktop\第一文档.txt'+'\n'+r'C:\Users\admin\Desktop\第二文档.txt' self.type(css='.upload-button>input', text=filePath)
3、seldom 断言
seldom 在case.py中提供了更加简单的断言方法。断# 断言标题是否等于"title"
self.assertTitle("title") # 断言标题是否包含"title" self.assertInTitle("title") # 断言URL是否等于 self.assertUrl("url") # 断言URL是否包含 self.assertInUrl("url") # 断言页面是否存在“text” self.assertText("text") # 断言警告是否存在"text" 提示信息 self.assertAlertText("text")
4、用例失败重跑&自动截图
Web自动化测试常常因为各种原因导致用例失败，而重跑机制可以进一步帮我们确定用例确实是失败了。在seldom中设置失败重跑非常简单
import seldom class YouTest(seldom.TestCase): def test_case(self): """a simple test case """ self.open("https://www.baidu.com") self.type(id_="kw", text="seldom") self.click(css="#su_error") self.assertTitle("seldom_百度搜索") if __name__ == '__main__': """ rerun: 指定重跑的次数，默认为 0。 save_last_run: 是否保存保存最后一次运行结果，默认为False。 """ seldom.main(path="test_sample.py", rerun=3, save_last_run=False, )
查看截图，点击报告中的show链接即可
5、seldom 数据驱动
5.1、通过@data() 装饰器来参数化测试用例。
import seldom from seldom import data class BaiduTest(seldom.TestCase): #通过@data() 装饰器来参数化测试用例。 @data([ (case1, 'seldom'), (case2, 'selenium'), (case3, 'unittest'), ]) def test_baidu(self, name, keyword): """ used parameterized test :param name: case name :param keyword: search keyword """ self.open("https://www.baidu.com") self.type(id_="kw", text=keyword) self.click(css="#su") self.assertTitle(keyword+"_百度搜索")
5.2、也可以针对测试类进行参数化, 通过data_class 方法：
import seldom from seldom import data_class @data_class( ("keyword", "assert_tile"), [("seldom", "seldom_百度搜索"), ("python", "python_百度搜索") ]) class YouTest(seldom.TestCase): def test_case(self): """a simple test case """ self.open("https://www.baidu.com") self.type(id_="kw", text=self.keyword) self.click(css="#su") self.assertTitle(self.assert_tile)
5.3、文件参数化
parameterized.py中的file_data方法判定文件格式，再通过conversion中的方法转化不同文件的参数为list。
csv_to_list() 方法csv文件内容转化为list。 @file_data("./data.xlsx", line=2) file: 指定csv文件的路径。 line: 指定从第几行开始读取，默认第1行。 excel_to_list() 方法excel文件数据转化为list。 @file_data("./data.xlsx", sheet="Sheet1", line=2) file : 指定excel文件的路径。 sheet: 指定excel的标签页，默认名称为 Sheet1。 line : 指定从第几行开始读取，默认第1行。 json_to_list() 方法json文件数据转化为list。 @file_data("./data.json", key="login") file : 指定JSON文件的路径。 key: 指定字典的key，默认不指定解析整个JSON文件。 yaml_to_list() 方法yaml文件数据转化为list。 @file_data("./data.yaml", key="login") file : 指定YAML文件的路径。 key: 指定字典的key，默认不指定解析整个YAML文件。
例如：csv文件参数化
import seldom from seldom import file_data class YouTest(seldom.TestCase): @file_data("./data.csv", line=2) def test_login(self, username, password): """a simple test case """ print(username) print(password)
同时还支持ddt
import seldom from ddt import ddt, file_data @ddt class YouTest(seldom.TestCase): @file_data("test_data.json") def test_case(self, word): """a simple test case """ self.open("https://www.baidu.com") self.type(id_="kw", text=word) self.click(css="#su") self.assertTitle(word + "_百度搜索") if __name__ == '__main__': seldom.main(path="test_sample.py", rerun=0, save_last_run=False, )
