python虚拟环境安装

一、环境要求

系统版本:CentOS 7.3(自带Python2.7)
安装版本:Python3.6
安装插件:virtualenv、virtualenvwrapper

1.安装依赖环境

[root@vm10-0-1-23 ~]# yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel

2.下载python包

# 大家可以根据自己的需求下载指定的python版本
[root@vm10-0-1-23 ~]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.6/Python-3.6.6.tar.xz

3.编译安装python包

# 创建python目录
[root@vm10-0-1-23 ~]# mkdir /usr/local/python3

# 解压压缩包,进入解压目录,指定安装目录,安装Python3
[root@vm10-0-1-23 ~]# cd /root/Python-3.6.6
[root@vm10-0-1-23 Python-3.6.6 ]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
[root@vm10-0-1-23 Python-3.6.6 ]# make && make install

# 创建软连接
[root@vm10-0-1-23 Python-3.6.6 ]# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
[root@vm10-0-1-23 Python-3.6.6 ]# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
[root@vm10-0-1-23 Python-3.6.6 ]# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/virtualenv /usr/local/bin/virtualenv

二、虚拟环境安装

virtualenv是一个可以在同一计算机中隔离多个python版本的工具。有时,两个不同的项目可能需要不同版本的python,如 python2.7 / python3.6 ,但是如果都装到一起,经常会导致问题。virtualenv能够用于创建独立的Python虚拟环境,多个Python相互独立,互不影响。
virtualenvwrapper这个软件包可以让我们管理虚拟环境变得更加简单。不用再跑到某个目录下通过virtualenv来创建虚拟环境,并且激活的时候也要跑到具体的目录下去激活。

1. 安装virtualenv、virtualenvwrapper 

[root@vm10-0-1-23 ~]# pip3 install virtualenv
[root@vm10-0-1-23 ~]# pip3 install virtualenvwrapper

2. 进入.bashrc文件中,定义virtualenvwrapper路径

[root@vm10-0-1-23 ~]# vim ~/.bashrc
VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/local/python3/bin/python3    # 指定virtualenvwrapper执行的python版本
export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs    # 指定虚拟环境存放目录,.virtualenvs目录名可自拟
source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh    # virtualenvwrapper.sh所在目录

# source生效配置
[root@vm10-0-1-23 ~]# source ~/.bashrc

至此python虚拟环境就安装完成,下面是虚拟环境中常用命令

# 创建虚拟环境
[root@vm10-0-1-23 ~]#  mkvirtualenv py3-env

# 指定python版本
[root@vm10-0-1-23 ~]#  mkvirtualenv --python=/usr/bin/python3 py3-env

# 切换到某个虚拟环境
[root@vm10-0-1-23 ~]# workon my_env 

# 退出当前虚拟环境
[root@vm10-0-1-23 ~]# deactivate

# 删除某个虚拟环境
[root@vm10-0-1-23 ~]# rmvirtualenv my_env

# 列出所有虚拟环境
[root@vm10-0-1-23 ~]# lsvirtualenv

# 进入到虚拟环境所在的目录
[root@vm10-0-1-23 ~]# cdvirtualenv

 

最后提供了脚本一键安装虚拟环境

[root@vm10-0-1-23 ~]# cat install.sh
#!/bin/bash

# 安装python3环境
PYTHON_INSTALL()
{
    version="3.6.6"
    package="Python-3.6.6.tar.xz"
    url="https://www.python.org/ftp/python/{$version}/{$package}"
    yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel
    wget url
    if [ ! -d /usr/local/python3 ];then
        rm -rf /usr/local/python3 && mkdir -p /usr/local/python3
        tar -xf /root/$package
        ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 && make && make install
        ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
        ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
        ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/virtualenv /usr/local/bin/virtualenv
        echo "Python environment installed successfully"
    fi

    v=`python3 -V |awk '{print $2}'`
    if [ $v == $version  ];then
        pip3 install virtualenv -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
        pip3 install virtualenvwrapper -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
        cat >>~/.bashrc<<EOF
        VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/local/python3/bin/python3
        export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs
        source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
        EOF
        soure ~/.bashrc
        echo "The virtual environment was installed successfully"
    fi


}
PYTHON_INSTALL

 

posted @ 2019-08-07 19:22  飞奔的小水牛  阅读(288)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报