ansible modules开发(一)

一 模块说明

  • 官方是否有提供的类似功能模块?
    可从下面两个连接确定官方提供的模块,以免重复造轮子
    官方已发布的模块 http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/modules.html
    官方正在开发的模块 https://github.com/ansible/ansible/labels/module
  • 你需要开发一个action 插件么?
    action插件是在ansible主机上运行,而不是在目标主机上运行的。对于类似file/copy/template功能的模块,在模块执行前需要在ansible主机上做一些操作的。

- 模块是传送到目标主机上运行的。
- 模块的返回值必须是json dumps的字符串。

 

1 模块执行的过程

首先,将模块文件读入内存,然后添加传递给模块的参数,最后将模块中所需要的类添加到内存,由zipfile压缩后,再由base64进行编码,写入到模版文件内。

通过默认的连接方式,一般是ssh。ansible通过ssh连接到远程主机,创建临时目录,并关闭连接。然后将打开另外一个ssh连接,将模版文件以sftp方式传送到刚刚创建的临时目录中,写完后关闭连接。然后打开一个ssh连接将任务对象赋予可执行权限,执行成功后关闭连接。

最后,ansible将打开第三个连接来执行模块,并删除临时目录及其所有内容。模块的结果是从标准输出stdout中获取json格式的字符串。ansible将解析和处理此字符串。如果有任务是异步控制执行的,ansible将在模块完成之前关闭第三个连接,并且返回主机后,在规定的时间内检查任务状态,直到模块完成或规定的时间超时。

 

使用了管道连接后,与远程主机只有一个连接,命令通过数据流的方式发送执行。

配置方式

vim /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
pipelining = True

  

执行过程

Ansible提供了许多模块实用程序,它们提供了在开发自己的模块时可以使用的辅助功能。 basic.py模块为程序提供访问Ansible库的主要入口点,所有Ansible模块必须至少从basic.py导入:

 from ansible.module_utils.basic import *

其他模块工具

a10.py - Utilities used by the a10_server module to manage A10 Networks devices.
api.py - Adds shared support for generic API modules.
aos.py - Module support utilities for managing Apstra AOS Server.
asa.py - Module support utilities for managing Cisco ASA network devices.
azure_rm_common.py - Definitions and utilities for Microsoft Azure Resource Manager template deployments.
basic.py - General definitions and helper utilities for Ansible modules.
cloudstack.py - Utilities for CloudStack modules.
database.py - Miscellaneous helper functions for PostGRES and MySQL
docker_common.py - Definitions and helper utilities for modules working with Docker.
ec2.py - Definitions and utilities for modules working with Amazon EC2
eos.py - Helper functions for modules working with EOS networking devices.
f5.py - Helper functions for modules working with F5 networking devices.
facts.py - Helper functions for modules that return facts.
gce.py - Definitions and helper functions for modules that work with Google Compute Engine resources.
ios.py - Definitions and helper functions for modules that manage Cisco IOS networking devices
iosxr.py - Definitions and helper functions for modules that manage Cisco IOS-XR networking devices
ismount.py - Contains single helper function that fixes os.path.ismount
junos.py - Definitions and helper functions for modules that manage Junos networking devices
known_hosts.py - utilities for working with known_hosts file
mysql.py - Allows modules to connect to a MySQL instance
netapp.py - Functions and utilities for modules that work with the NetApp storage platforms.
netcfg.py - Configuration utility functions for use by networking modules
netcmd.py - Defines commands and comparison operators for use in networking modules
network.py - Functions for running commands on networking devices
nxos.py - Contains definitions and helper functions specific to Cisco NXOS networking devices
openstack.py - Utilities for modules that work with Openstack instances.
openswitch.py - Definitions and helper functions for modules that manage OpenSwitch devices
powershell.ps1 - Utilities for working with Microsoft Windows clients
pycompat24.py - Exception workaround for Python 2.4.
rax.py - Definitions and helper functions for modules that work with Rackspace resources.
redhat.py - Functions for modules that manage Red Hat Network registration and subscriptions
service.py - Contains utilities to enable modules to work with Linux services (placeholder, not in use).
shell.py - Functions to allow modules to create shells and work with shell commands
six/init.py - Bundled copy of the Six Python library to aid in writing code compatible with both Python 2 and Python 3.
splitter.py - String splitting and manipulation utilities for working with Jinja2 templates
urls.py - Utilities for working with http and https requests
vca.py - Contains utilities for modules that work with VMware vCloud Air
vmware.py - Contains utilities for modules that work with VMware vSphere VMs
vyos.py - Definitions and functions for working with VyOS networking

  

二 构建一个简单的模块

1 基本步骤

1) 创建目录

将这个模块放在library目录下,命名为remote_reach.py
可以使用 ANSIBLE_LIBRARY环境变量来指定模块的存放位置。也可以在playbook当前目录下创建library目录

 2) 创建模块

#!/usr/bin/python env
# coding:utf-8


def can_reach(module,host):
    ping_path =  module.get_bin_path('ping', required=True)
    args = [ping_path, '-c 4',host]
    (rc,stdout,stderr) = module.run_command(args)

    return rc == 0





def main():
    module = AnsibleModule(
        argument_spec=dict(
            host = dict(required=True,type='str'),
        ),
        supports_check_mode=True,
    )



    if module.check_mode:
        module.exit_json(changed=False)

    host = module.params['host']

    if can_reach(module,host):
        module.exit_json(changed=True)
    else:
        msg = 'Could not reach %s' %(host)
        module.fail_json(msg=msg)

from ansible.module_utils.basic import *

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

 

3) 编写yaml文件使用模块 

编写yaml文件使用这个模块

---

- name: test remote_copy module
  hosts: webserver01
  gather_facts: false

  tasks:
    - name: do a remote host
      remote_copy: host=172.20.1.100

4) 测试模块 

可以使用test-module.py 进行模块测试

5) 执行这个yaml文件

ansible-playbook remote_copy.yml   # 执行这个yaml

  

2 module提供facts数据

与作为模块退出的一部分返回的数据类似,模块也可以直接创建fact数据,通过名为ansible_facts键返回数据到主机。无需为任务register一个变量来获取数值。

remote_facts = {'rc_source': module.params['source'], 'rc_dest': module.params['dest'] } 
module.exit_json(changed=True, ansible_facts=remote_facts)

在playbook中添加查看fact的任务

- name: show a fact
     debug: var=rc_dest

  

3 检查模式

模块可以选择支持检查模式http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/playbooks_checkmode.html。 如果用户在检查模式下运行可执行安全性,则模块应该尝试预测和报告是否发生更改,但实际上不会进行任何更改(不支持检查模式的模块也不会采取任何动作,但只是不会报告其可能的更改)。

对于您的模块支持检查模式,您必须在实例化AnsibleModule对象时传递supports_check_mode = True。 当启用检查模式时,AnsibleModule.check_mode属性将计算为True。 例如:

 

module = AnsibleModule( argument_spec = dict( source=dict(required=True, type='path'), dest=dict(required=True, type='path') ), supports_check_mode=True ) 

if not module.check_mode: 
    shutil.copy(module.params['source'], module.params['dest'])

在进行检查模式的时候,不执行拷贝动作,看下列运行状态。

 ansible-playbook remote_copy.yml -C

 

三 添加module文档说明

所有模块必须按以下顺序定义以下部分:

  1. ANSIBLE_METADATA
  2. DOCUMENTATION
  3. EXAMPLES
  4. RETURNS
  5. Python imports

 

1. 定义ANSIBLE_METADATA,该变量描述有关其他工具使用的模块的信息

ANSIBLE_METADATA = {'metadata_version': '1.0',
                    'status': ['preview'],
                    'supported_by': 'community'}

2. 定义DOCUMENTATION,该变量描述模块的描述信息,参数,作者和许可信息。

DOCUMENTATION = ''' 
---

module: remote_copy 
version_added: "2.3" 
short_description: Copy a file on the remote host 
description: 
    - The remote_copy module copies a file on the remote host from a given source to a provided destination. 

options: 
    source: 
        description: 
          - Path to a file on the source file on the remote host 
        required: true 
     dest: 
        description: 
          - Path to the destination on the remote host for the copy 
        required: true 
author: 
        - "Lework" '''

        

  

3. 定义EXAMPLES,该变量用来描述模块的一个或多个示例使用

EXAMPLES = ''' 

# Example from Ansible Playbooks 

- name: backup a config file
    remote_copy: 
    source: /etc/herp/derp.conf
    dest: /root/herp-derp.conf.bak '''

  

4. 定义RETURN,该变量用来描述模块的返回数据信息

添加参数source和dest返回信息

module.exit_json(changed=True, source=module.params['source'], dest=module.params['dest'])

 

定义RETURN

RETURN = ''' source: description: source file used for the copy returned: success type: string sample: "/path/to/file.name" dest: description: destination of the copy returned: success type: string sample: "/path/to/destination.file" gid: description: group id of the file, after execution returned: success type: int sample: 100 group: description: group of the file, after execution returned: success type: string sample: "httpd" owner: description: owner of the file, after execution returned: success type: string sample: "httpd" uid: description: owner id of the file, after execution returned: success type: int sample: 100 mode: description: permissions of the target, after execution returned: success type: string sample: "0644" size: description: size of the target, after execution returned: success type: int sample: 1220 state: description: state of the target, after execution returned: success type: string sample: "file" '''

  

字符串的格式为yaml格式。

可以通过ansible-doc 来查看这些信息

ansible-doc -M library remote_copy

  

用于格式化字符串的一些选项,用于DOCUMENTATION

|函数| 描述 |例子|
|:---|:---|
|U() |格式化url |Required if I(state=present)|
|I() |格式化选项名称 |Mutually exclusive with I(project_src) and I(files)|
|M() |格式化模块名称 |See also M(win_copy) or M(win_template).|
|C() |格式化文件和选项值 |Or if not set the environment variable C(ACME_PASSWORD) will be used.|

  

Documentation 加载外部的文档

某些类别的模块有共同的文档信息,就可以使用docs_fragments共享出来。
所有的docs_fragments都可以在lib/ansible/utils/module_docs_fragments/ 目录下找到

在Documentation 字符串中添加下列字段,就可以添加外部的文档信息

extends_documentation_fragment: 
  - files
   - validate

 

posted @ 2018-04-10 14:54  wanstack  阅读(1477)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报