语法点
shall we的用法:Shall用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意愿。Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。用法 1.Shall作为助动词,一般用于第一人称Ⅰ和We,表示一个将来的动作,构成将来时态。Shall后面接动词原形。例如: (1)I shall think it over and Let you know my idea. 我将考虑一下此事,然后告诉你我的想法。
(2)We shall have a good time in the park. 我们在公园里会玩得很高兴的。 常考的特殊用法 1.Shall用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意愿。 如:What shall we do this evening?
2.Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。如:Shall we begin our lesson? When shall he be able to leave the hospital?
3.Shall用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
如:You shall fail if you dont work harder. (警告)
He shall have the book when I finish reading. (允诺)
He shall be punished. (威胁)
shall we和will you的用法与区别 :shall we是“我们做某事好吗?”will you是“您允许吗,同意吗?
两者的用法 Let us go out,will you?(你)让我们出去吧?
Lets go out,shall we?我们出去吧? 两个都可以理解为“让我们去.”(号召大家一起做一件事)。
2. 表示将来时态: 一般将来时:用于描述将来某一时段的动作或状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如“tomorrow”(明天)、“next week”(下周)等。
例如:“I will go to the movies tomorrow.”(我明天去看电影。) 将来进行时:用于描述将来某一时间正在进行的动作,或表示要在将来某一时间开始,并继续下去的动作。
例如:“I will be studying when you arrive.”(你到的时候我将正在学习。) 表示被动语态: 用于构成被动语态,表示某事将被完成。
例如:“The book will be published next month.”(这本书将于下个月出版。) 表示将来的状态: 用于描述将来某一状态。例如:“She will be twenty years old next year.”(她明年就二十岁了。)
例句 表示将来时态: “The meeting will be held tomorrow.”(会议将于明天举行。) “She will be happy to see you.”(她见到你会很高兴的。) 表示被动语态: “The book will be read by everyone.”(这本书将被大家阅读。) 表示将来的状态: “I will be a doctor.”(我将成为一名医生。)
3. 1.be going to表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。
2.肯定句:be going to +动词原形 如:Jim is going to play football. 否定句:be not going to+动词原形 如:Jim is not going to play football. 一般疑问句:把be动词调到句首, 如:Is Jim going to play football? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形 如:What is Jim going to do? 疑问词当主语时:疑问词+be+going to+动词原形 如:Who is going to play football?
4🌟🌟🌟🌟 一般将来时表示将来某一时刻发生的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。在英语中,一般将来时通常由助动词will或shall(第一人称)加上动词原形构成,美式英语中则不管什么人称,一律用will。此外,还可以使用“be going to + 动词原形”的结构来表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生的事。
12 一般将来时的常见表达形式包括以下几种: will/shall + 动词原形:用于表示将来发生的事情,will常用于所有人称,shall主要用于第一人称。例如:Tomorrow will be Sunday.(明天是星期天)。 be going to + 动词原形:用于表示事先考虑过的将要发生的动作或已有迹象表明必将发生的某事。例如:We're going to meet outside the school gate.(我们打算在校门口见面)。 现在进行时:表示位置转移的动词(如go, come, leave, start, arrive等)可以用现在进行时表示将来时。例如:Uncle Wang is coming.(王叔叔就要来了)。 一般现在时:根据规定或时间表在未来要发生的动作,可以当做客观事实来叙述。例如:The train leaves at 8 o'clock.(火车8点出发)。 一般将来时的标志词包括tomorrow(明天),next week(下周),in the future(将来),in a year(一年以后)等 5. 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语 which 指物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略) who 指人在从句中作主语,宾语或表语 whom 指人在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物在从句中作定语 as 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语 but 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语 注意:指物时,whose+名词=the+名词+of which或 of which+the+名词 2、as 的用法 (1)常用于下列结构:such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意:the same…as 表示同一类,不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个 (2)as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后,主句前或主句中间;which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用,表达说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处,意为“正如,正像”。 Which相当于并列句,可以用and this来代替,意为“这一点,这件事’”。 注意:as常用于下列结构:as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时,which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语,而as只可作系动词be的主语。 will的用法主要包括以下几个方面:1 表示将来时态:will通常用于表示将来会发生的事情。其基本句型为“主语 + will + 动词原形”,例如:“They will go to see their grandparents tomorrow”(他们明天将去看望他们的祖父母)。否定形式为“主语 + will not / won’t + 动词原形”,例如:“They won’t go to see their grandparents tomorrow”(他们明天不会去看望他们的祖父母)。 表示意愿和决心:will可以表示主观意愿或决心,常用于第一人称。例如:“I will help you if you meet with trouble”(如果你有麻烦,我愿意帮你)。 表示习惯或反复动作:will可以表示习惯性或反复发生的动作。例如:“John will fall asleep in church”(约翰做礼拜时总是睡觉)。 用于条件句:will可以用于if引导的条件从句中,表示某种条件下的意愿或决定。例如:“No, we are not going to quarrel at all if you’ll only let me talk”(只要你让我说话,我们根本不会吵架)。 表示请求或建议:will也可以用于请求或建议的疑问句中。例如:“Will you open the window, please?”(请你打开窗户,好吗?)。 will的句型结构: 肯定句:主语 + will + 动词原形,例如:“We will go to Beijing next week”(下周我们将去北京)。 否定句:主语 + will not / won’t + 动词原形,例如:“They won’t come to the party”(他们不会来参加聚会)。 一般疑问句:Will + 主语 + 动词原形?例如:“Will you dine with me tomorrow?”(明天你同我一道吃饭好吗?)。 特殊疑问句:疑问词 + will + 主语 + 动词原形?例如:“What will you do tomorrow?”(你明天打算做什么?)。 1. "be going to do" 的用法与总结: Be going to do 是英语中的一种未来时态表达方式,主要用于表述计划或预测将要发生的事情。 - 当有确定的计划或意图时,我们通常用"be going to do",比如:I'm going to visit my grandparents tomorrow(我明天打算去看望我的祖父母)。 - 当基于现在的证据预测未来会发生什么时,我们也使用"be going to do",比如:Look at those dark clouds. It's going to rain. (看那些乌云,要下雨了。) 2. "be going to do" 的造句: - I am going to study English this evening.(我今晚打算学习英语。) - They are going to have a party next Saturday.(他们下周六要举办一场派对。) - She is going to buy a new car.(她打算买一辆新车。) 3. "be going to do" 的训练: 尝试使用 "be going to do" 表达你明天,下周或下个月的计划,例如: - I am going to clean my room tomorrow. - We are going to go on a holiday next month. - He is going to start a new job next week. 或者根据当前的状况预测未来会发生什么: - The sky is very dark. It's going to rain soon. - She looks very happy. She's going to tell us some good news. 1、指未发生的动作,规律是:主句一般将来时,从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时 如:I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back. 注:有时,为了特意表达刚刚完成某事就如何如何,需要用现在完成时 如:I will go with you as soon as I have washed my face. 2、指紧接着发生的两个短动作,主从句都用一般过去时 如 He took out his English books as soon as he sat down. 不过,我也见过从句和主句都用一般现在时的情况 如:As soon as he finishes his classwork, he runs out of the class.他一做完课堂作业,就跑出了教室。 总之,记住那两种基本的情况,不把时态用得太混乱了就行了 例: 1. As soon as he got inside, the dog shook himself. 他一进来,狗就开始摇头摆尾。 2. They stopped you as soon as you deviated from the script. 一旦你偏离了剧本的内容,他们就会喊停。 3. As soon as the two chicks hatch, they leave the nest burrow. 两只小鸟一出壳就离开了巢穴。 4. As soon as we were inside, the rain began to bucket down. 我们刚进屋,大雨便倾盆而下。 5. As soon as relations improve they will be allowed to go. 一旦关系有所改善,他们就可以获准离开。 6. Would you call me as soon as you find out? 你一弄清楚了就给我打电话好吗? 7. It is wise to seek help and counsel as soon as possible. 尽快寻求帮助和建议乃明智之举。 8. She quit school as soon as she had taken her GCSEs. 她一拿到普通中等教育证书后就没再上学了。 9. As soon as we found this out, we closed the ward. 我们一发现此事就关闭了病房。 10. As soon as he'd finished eating, he excused himself. 他一吃完就告辞离开了。 11. As soon as I told her my name, she clammed up. 我告诉她我的名字后,她就什么也不说了。 12. Carol answered the door as soon as I knocked. 我一敲门,卡萝尔就开了门。 13. Peter starts looking through the mail as soon as the door shuts. 彼得一关上门就开始逐一查看起邮件来。 14. Her head spins dizzily as soon as she sits up. 她一坐起身来就感到天旋地转。 15. As soon as she got close, the old woman's hand shot out. 她一靠近,那老妇人的手就猛地伸了出来。 16. You'll never guess what happened as soon as I left my room. 你怎么也猜不出我一离开房间就发生了什么事。 17. I'll telephone you as soon as I get home. 我一到家就给你打电话。 18. The commissioners agreed to restart talks as soon as possible. 委员们同意尽快重新开始会谈。 19. As soon as things got difficult he took the easy way out. 事情刚变得有点棘手他就急忙脱身。 20. We'll give him a ring as soon as we get back. 我们一回来就会给他打电话。 there be和there have的区别 there be和there have的主要区别在于它们的用法和含义。 there be结构主要用于表示“存在”,而there have结构在英语中并不存在,因为there已经表示存在,不能接have。正确的表达应该是主语+have,表示“主语有……”。 there be的用法 存在:there be结构主要表示“某地(某时)有……”,用于表达事物的存在。例如: There are many students in the classroom. 教室里有许多学生。 There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有张画。 时态和谓语动词:there be结构可以与不同的时态和谓语动词连用,如be going to、seem to、appear to、used to、be likely to、happen to等。例如: There is going to be a meeting tonight. 今天晚上有个会议。 There seems to be a few trees between me and the green. 在我与草坪之间好像有一些树。 have的用法 所有:have/has表示“有”,用于表示某人或某物在物质上的所有。例如: I have a new watch. 我有一块新表。 He has a good friend. 他有一个好朋友。 身体上的长有:have/has也可以用于表示身体上的特征或器官。例如: She has blue eyes. 她的眼睛是蓝色的。 A horse has two ears. 马有两只耳朵。 结构上的装有:have/has还可以表示某物体在结构上的装有。例如: There is a box of apples on the table. 桌子上有盒苹果。 be going to 和 will的区别 be going to 与 will两者都可表示将要发生的事、将要去做某事,但它们有如下几点区别: 1.be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情,will表示的将来时间则较远一些,如: He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. 2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情,will 表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。 He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old. 3. be going to 含有“计划,准备”的意思,而 will 则没有这个意思,如: She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour. 4.在有条件从句的主句中,一般不用be going to,而多用 will,如: If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you. 在下列情况下用will: 1.根据说话者的见解和观点对未来作出预言时 I think Smiley will make a good footballer. Smith will beat Patterson with a knock-out in the second round. 2.在说话时突然作出的决定时,一般用will 的缩约式’1 I'm tired. I think I’ll go to bed. - Come to supper. - OK, thanks.I’ll bring a bottle. 3.表示意图、提议、许诺、自愿做某事或坚持做某事时 -There’s the door-bell. -I'll go. I will stop smoking-I really will! 4.表示请求和邀请时 Will you give me a hand? Will you come in and have a drink? 5.表示命令或威胁时 You will start work at six o'clock. I’ ll beat you if you do that again. 6.表示习惯和规律时 She will greet me when she meets me. Man will die. 在下列情况下用be going to 1.根据现在所见,预计不久肯定会发生的事情时 Look!--it’s going to rain! The car is going to turn over. 2.谈及打算或事先决定了的事情时 What are you going to be when you grow up? -Why have you torn the paper into pieces? I am going to rewrite it. be going to be 和 be going to do 有什么区别? be going to 是英语未来时的另一种体现方式,等同will 因此可以如此理解: be going to be = will be; be going to do = will do 1 ) be going to be后面可以加形容词,也可以加名词,或其他词组。 例如: You are going to be late = You will be late. They are going to be there = They will be there. He is going to be the president of the United States = He will be the president ... 2 ) be going to do 这里的 do 可以是任何动词,表达某人将要做的事。 例如: I am going to play soccer with them = I will play soccer with them. He is going to love this gift= He will love this gift. We are going to leave at 7am = We will leave at 7am
write a story”是一个祈使句,用于表达“写一个故事”的意思。 祈使句通常用于表达命令、请求或建议,其结构通常以动词原形开头,没有主语。在这个句子中,“write”是动词原形,表示“写”,而“a story”是宾语,表示“一个故事
- 基本结构:have to意为“不得不”,侧重于客观需要。其基本结构为主语+have to+动词原形+其他。
- 时态变化:have to有人称和数的变化,可用于多种时态。例如:I have to go to the store.(一般现在时),You had to call me earlier.(一般过去时)。
- 否定形式:have to的否定形式为don't have to,意为“不必”。例如:You don't have to do that.(你不必做那件事)。
与must的区别
- 主观与客观:have to表示客观需要,而must表示主观意愿。例如:I have to go to work.(客观需要) vs. I must study hard.(主观意愿)。
- 变化形式:have to有人称和时态的变化,而must没有人称和时态的变化。例如:You have to study hard.(第二人称单数) vs. We must study hard.(第一人称复数)。
- 疑问句:have to的一般疑问句式为“Do/Does+主语+have to+动词原形+其他?”,must的一般疑问句式为“Must+主语+动词原形+其他?”。例如:Must I go now?(必须现在去吗?)。
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