2020.1.2（搭建lnmp）

1.1安装mysql

 1.1.1下载

wget mysql-5.6.43-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

1.1.2解压

tar -zvf mysql-5.6.43-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

1.1.3安装和配置

安装前期准备

[ -d /usr/local/mysql ] && mv /usr/local/mysql  /usr/local/mysql_old

mv mysql**** /usr/local/mysql   //移动位置

cd /usr/local/mysql

mkdir -p /data/mysql  //数据库存放的位置

chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql  //更改权限

./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql

#make &&make install //编译安装

配置MySQL

cp sopport-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf  //备份，避免配置出现致命错误

vim /etc/my.cnf  //配置文件

 #cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql   //复制启动脚本

   #chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysql   //修改属性为755

   #vim /etc/init.d/mysql    //修改启动脚本 （修改地方datadir=/data/mysql）//数据库存放目录

   #chkconfig --add mysql //把mysql服务加入到系统服务列表

   #chkconfig mysql on // 使其开机就启动

   #service mysql start // 启动服务

   如果启动不了请到/data/mysql/目录下查看错误日志，名通常是主机名.err。检查MySQL是否启动的命令

   #ps aus |grep mysql  //结果应大于2行

   #netstat -lnp |grep 3306  //查看有没有监听3306端口

 （1）遇到错误信息“FATAL ERROR”:...（原因：缺少包prel-moudule-install ）

解决方法使用命令yum install -y prel-moudule-install

1.2安装PHP

cd /usr/local/src

wget ...

tar -xzvf .....

useradd -s /sbin/nologin php-fpm

cd php-5.6

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php-fpm --with-config-file-path=/usrlocal/php-fpm/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --withfreetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --disable-ipv6 --with-pear --with-curl --with-openssl
346 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php-fpm --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fpm/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --disable-ipv6 --with-pear --with-curl --with-openssl

错误信息：yum install -y libcurl-devel

make &&make install

修改配置文件

cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php.ini

vim /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf

配置内容：

[global]
pid = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/run/php-fpm.pid
error_log = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/log/php-fpm.log
[www]
listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock
listen.mode = 666
user = php-fpm
group = php-fpm
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
pm.max_requests = 500
rlimit_files = 1024

/usr/local/php-fpm/sbin/php-fpm -t

 

cp /usr/local/src/php-5.6.36/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm 
 chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm  //设置权限
useradd -s /sbin/nologin php-fpm //新建不用登录用户
service php-fpm on   //打开php-fpm服务

chkconfig php-fpm on //设置开机自启

ps aux |grep php-fpm //检测php-fpm是否启动

1.3安装nginx

cd /usr/local/src/

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz

tar -xzvf nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz 

cd nginx-1.14.2/

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx

make && make install

编写nginx启动脚本，并加入系统服务

vim  /etc/init.d/nginx

配置内容：

#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: - 30 21
# description: http service.
# Source Function Library
. /etc/init.d/functions
# Nginx Settings
NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
RETVAL=0
prog="Nginx"
start()
{
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_temp
daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
stop()
{
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM
rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
reload()
{
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
restart()
{
stop
start
}
configtest()
{
$NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t
return 0
}
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
reload)
reload
;;
restart)
restart
;;
configtest)
configtest
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}"
RETVAL=1
esac
exit $RETVAL

 

保存脚步更改权限

chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
chkconfig --add nginx

设置开机启动nginx

chkconfig nginx on

更改nginx的配置文件

> /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf //清空原来的配置文件

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf //配置文件

 配置内容：

user nobody nobody;
worker_processes 2;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 6000;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;
server_names_hash_max_size 4096;
log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]'
' $host "$request_uri" $status'
' "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 30;
client_header_timeout 3m;
client_body_timeout 3m;
send_timeout 3m;
connection_pool_size 256;
client_header_buffer_size 1k;
large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;
request_pool_size 4k;
output_buffers 4 32k;
postpone_output 1460;
client_max_body_size 10m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp;
proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;
fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
tcp_nodelay on;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 8k;
gzip_comp_level 5;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm
application/xml;
server
{
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /usr/local/nginx/html;
location ~ \.php$
{
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
   }
  }
}

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t //检测文件

service nginx start //启动nginx 服务

ps aux |grep nginx //检测是否启动

测试是否正确解析php

vim /usr/local/nginx/html/2.php //创建测试文件

内容:

<?php

  echo "test php scripts"

?>

curl localhost/2.php

 

 解析正常

1.4nginx配置

1.4.1默认虚拟主机

修改朱配置文件

include vhost/*.conf; //意思是/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/下面的所有以.conf结尾的文件都会加载

（把所有的虚拟主机配置文件放到vhost目录下面）

mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost

cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost

vim default.conf //创建文件

配置内容：

server
{
 listen 80 default_server;
 server_name aaa.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
 root /data/nginx/default;
}

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t //检测配置文件是否正确

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload //重新加载服务

mkdir -p /data/nginx/default //创建目录

echo "default_server" > /data/nginx/default/index.html //创建索引页

curl -x127.0.0.1:80 aaa.com //访问aaa.com

 

 1.4.2用户认证

cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost  //进入目录

service{

listen 80;
server_name test.com test1.com test2.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/nginx/test.com
location /
{
#auth_basic "Auth";
auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
 }

}

htpasswd -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd admin //创建admin用户

密码：

确认密码;

 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t  //测试文件是否正确
 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload  //重新加载服务

mkdir /data/nginx/test.com

echo "test.com" > /data/nginx/test.com/index.html //加入内容

 curl -I -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com  

在主机上host文件加入192.168.41.110 test.com

 

1.4.3域名重定向

配置文件：vim test.com.conf

server
{
listen 80;
server_name test.com test1.com test2.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/nginx/test.com;

if ($host != 'test.com'){
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://test.com/$1 permanent;
}

}

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t //测试文件

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload //重新加载服务

url -x127.0.0.1:80 test1.com/123.txt -I

 

 1.4.4nginx的访问日志

查看nginx的日志格式

grep -A2 log_format /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

 

 

配置文件：

{
listen 80;
server_name test.com test1.com test2.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/nginx/test.com;

if ($host != 'test.com'){
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://test.com/$1 permanent;
}
access_log /tmp/1.log combined_realip;

}

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t //测试文件

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload //重新加载服务

curl -x127.0.0.1:80  test.com/111

 

 nginx 的日志切割，切割nginx日志需要借助系统的切割工具后者自定义脚本。（以下是日志切割脚本）

vim /usr/local/sbin/nginx_log_rotate.sh

配置内容：

#！ /bin/hash

d=`data -d "-1 day" +%Y%m%d`

logdir="/data/logs"
nginx_pid="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
cd $logdir
for log in `ls *.log`
do
mv $log $log-$d
done
/bin/kill -HUP `cat $nginx_pid`
~

 

写完脚本，还需增加任务计划：

0 0 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/sbin/nginx_log_rotate.sh

1.4.5配置静态文件不记录日志并添加过期时间

配置文件：

 

server
{
listen 80;
server_name test.com test1.com test2.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/nginx/test.com;

if ($host != 'test.com'){
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://test.com/$1 permanent;
}
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
{
expires 7d;
access_log off;
}
location ~ .*\.(js|css)$
{
expires 12h;
access_log off;
}
access_log /tmp/1.log combined_realip;

}

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t //测试文件

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload //重新加载服务

 echo "1111111" > /data/nginx/test.com/1.js //创建js文件

echo "2222222" > /data/nginx/test.com/1.jpg //创建jpg文件

touch /data/nginx/test.com/1.js //创建一个对比文件

测试:curl 

cat /tmp/1.log