JDBC的PreparedStatement语句使用记录
<<JDBC为什么要使用PreparedStatement而不是Statement>> 列举了为什么PreparedStatement要优于Statement,其中最主要的两点是更快的性能和防止SQL注入攻击。在文章的末尾提到了一个局限性:PreparedStatement不允许一个占位符(?)有多个值,并提出了如何在**IN**子句使用PreparedStatement的棘手问题。
《JDBC PreparedStatement IN clause alternative approaches》 给出了四种方案:
1. Execute Single Queries
2. Using Stored Procedure
3. Creating PreparedStatement Query dynamically
4. Using NULL in PreparedStatement Query
第三和第四方案看起来更合适些,第四种方案可以看作是第三种方案的扩展。
第三种使用下面代码构建SQL语句
private static String createQuery(int length) { String query = "select empid, name from Employee where empid in ("; StringBuilder queryBuilder = new StringBuilder(query); for( int i = 0; i< length; i++){ queryBuilder.append(" ?"); if(i != length -1) queryBuilder.append(","); } queryBuilder.append(")"); return queryBuilder.toString(); }
这种方式虽然可行,但是如果输入的参数个数发生变化,就不会get the PreparedStatement benefit of caching and reusing the execution plan。
所以就有了第四种方案:
public class JDBCPreparedStatementNULL { private static final String QUERY = "select empid, name from Employee where empid in ( ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)"; private static final int PARAM_SIZE = 10; public static void printData(int[] ids){ if(ids.length > PARAM_SIZE){ System.out.println("Maximum input size supported is "+PARAM_SIZE); //in real life, we can write logic to execute in batches, for simplicity I am returning return; } Connection con = DBConnection.getConnection(); PreparedStatement ps = null; ResultSet rs = null; try { ps = con.prepareStatement(QUERY); int i = 1; for(; i <=ids.length; i++){ ps.setInt(i, ids[i-1]); } //set null for remaining ones for(; i<=PARAM_SIZE;i++){ ps.setNull(i, java.sql.Types.INTEGER); } rs = ps.executeQuery(); while(rs.next()){ System.out.println("Employee ID="+rs.getInt("empid")+", Name="+rs.getString("name")); } //close the resultset here try{ rs.close(); } catch(SQLException e){} } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally{ try { ps.close(); con.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
在第三种方案的基础上,我们确定最大参数个数,除了输入的参数外,剩余参数全部用setNull
()置为空。这样又可以重用执行计划和预处理的cache。
More:PreparedStatement and Statement可以批量执行,参考《使用JDBC进行批处理》