使用kaptcha生成验证码
kaptcha是一个简单好用的验证码生成工具,通过配置,可以自己定义验证码大小、颜色、显示的字符等等。下面就来讲一下如何使用kaptcha生成验证码以及在服务器端取出验证码进行校验。
一、搭建测试环境
1.1、创建Web测试项目
新建一个Web项目,并将kaptcha-2.3.2.jar放在项目的WEB-INF/lib目录下,如下图所示:
1.2、在web.xml文件配置生成验证码的KaptchaServlet
KaptchaServlet的详细配置如下:
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <web-app version="2.5" 3 xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 4 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 5 xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 6 http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"> 7 <welcome-file-list> 8 <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> 9 </welcome-file-list> 10 11 <!-- kaptcha验证码配置 --> 12 <servlet> 13 <!-- 生成图片的Servlet --> 14 <servlet-name>Kaptcha</servlet-name> 15 <servlet-class>com.google.code.kaptcha.servlet.KaptchaServlet</servlet-class> 16 17 <!-- 是否有边框--> 18 <init-param> 19 <param-name>kaptcha.border</param-name> 20 <param-value>no</param-value> 21 </init-param> 22 <!-- 字体颜色 --> 23 <init-param> 24 <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer.font.color</param-name> 25 <param-value>red</param-value> 26 </init-param> 27 <!-- 图片宽度 --> 28 <init-param> 29 <param-name>kaptcha.image.width</param-name> 30 <param-value>135</param-value> 31 </init-param> 32 <!-- 使用哪些字符生成验证码 --> 33 <init-param> 34 <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer.char.string</param-name> 35 <param-value>ACDEFHKPRSTWX345679</param-value> 36 </init-param> 37 <!-- 图片高度 --> 38 <init-param> 39 <param-name>kaptcha.image.height</param-name> 40 <param-value>50</param-value> 41 </init-param> 42 <!-- 字体大小 --> 43 <init-param> 44 <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer.font.size</param-name> 45 <param-value>43</param-value> 46 </init-param> 47 <!-- 干扰线的颜色 --> 48 <init-param> 49 <param-name>kaptcha.noise.color</param-name> 50 <param-value>black</param-value> 51 </init-param> 52 <!-- 字符个数 --> 53 <init-param> 54 <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer.char.length</param-name> 55 <param-value>4</param-value> 56 </init-param> 57 <!-- 使用哪些字体 --> 58 <init-param> 59 <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer.font.names</param-name> 60 <param-value>Arial</param-value> 61 </init-param> 62 </servlet> 63 <!-- 映射的url --> 64 <servlet-mapping> 65 <servlet-name>Kaptcha</servlet-name> 66 <url-pattern>/Kaptcha.jpg</url-pattern> 67 </servlet-mapping> 68 </web-app>
1.3、显示生成的验证码
在页面index.jsp显示验证码
1 <%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> 2 <!DOCTYPE HTML> 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <title>显示KaptchaServlet生成的验证码</title> 6 <script type="text/javascript" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/js/jquery-1.9.1.js"></script> 7 <script type="text/javascript"> 8 //点击切换验证码 9 function changeVerifyCode(){ 10 $("#yzmImg").attr("src","Kaptcha.jpg?"+Math.floor(Math.random()*100)); 11 } 12 13 //提交 14 function doSubmit() { 15 var verifyCodeValue = $("#verifyCode").val(); 16 if(verifyCodeValue.replace(/\s/g,"") == "") { 17 alert("请输入验证码"); 18 }else { 19 //提交前先异步检查验证码是否输入正确 20 var verifyUrl = "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/servlet/VerifyServlet?verifyCode="+verifyCodeValue; 21 $.ajax({ 22 type:"GET", 23 url:verifyUrl, 24 success:function(returnData){ 25 if(returnData!="Y") { 26 alert("请输入正确的验证码!"); 27 }else { 28 //验证码正确,进行提交操作 29 alert("验证码输入正确,提交表单"); 30 } 31 }, 32 error:function(e){ 33 alert(e); 34 } 35 }); 36 } 37 } 38 </script> 39 </head> 40 41 <body> 42 <form> 43 <table> 44 <tr> 45 <td> 46 请输入验证码: 47 </td> 48 <td> 49 <input type="text" name="verifyCode" id="verifyCode"> 50 <img src="Kaptcha.jpg" onclick="changeVerifyCode()" id="yzmImg" style="cursor: pointer;"> 51 <a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="changeVerifyCode()">看不清,换一张</a> 52 </td> 53 </tr> 54 <tr> 55 <td> 56 57 </td> 58 <td> 59 <input type="button" value="提交" onclick="doSubmit()"> 60 </td> 61 </tr> 62 </table> 63 </form> 64 </body> 65 </html>
运行效果如下图所示:
1.4、在服务器端验证提交的验证码
用户在form表单中提交了验证码之后,我们会在服务器端进行验证,编写一个VerifyServlet,代码如下:
1 /** 2 * 3 */ 4 package me.gacl.web.controller; 5 6 import java.io.IOException; 7 import java.io.PrintWriter; 8 9 import javax.servlet.ServletException; 10 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; 11 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 12 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 13 14 public class VerifyServlet extends HttpServlet { 15 16 17 public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 18 throws ServletException, IOException { 19 20 response.setContentType("text/html;charaset=utf-8"); 21 response.setHeader("pragma", "no-cache"); 22 response.setHeader("cache-control", "no-cache"); 23 PrintWriter out = null; 24 try { 25 //响应数据 26 String resultData; 27 //获取传过来的验证码 28 String verifyCode = request.getParameter("verifyCode"); 29 System.out.println("verifyCode----"+verifyCode); 30 if(verifyCode=="") { 31 resultData = "N"; 32 }else { 33 //获取kaptcha生成存放在session中的验证码 34 String kaptchaValue = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute(com.google.code.kaptcha.Constants.KAPTCHA_SESSION_KEY); 35 //比较输入的验证码和实际生成的验证码是否相同 36 if(kaptchaValue == null || kaptchaValue == ""||!verifyCode.equalsIgnoreCase(kaptchaValue)) { 37 resultData = "N"; 38 }else { 39 resultData = "Y"; 40 } 41 } 42 out = response.getWriter(); 43 out.write(resultData); 44 out.flush(); 45 }catch(Exception e) { 46 e.printStackTrace(); 47 }finally { 48 if(out != null) { 49 out.close(); 50 } 51 } 52 } 53 }
在web.xml中注册VerifyServlet
1 <!-- 检查验证码是否输入正确 --> 2 <servlet> 3 <servlet-name>VerifyServlet</servlet-name> 4 <servlet-class>me.gacl.web.controller.VerifyServlet</servlet-class> 5 </servlet> 6 <servlet-mapping> 7 <servlet-name>VerifyServlet</servlet-name> 8 <url-pattern>/servlet/VerifyServlet</url-pattern> 9 </servlet-mapping>
运行结果如下:
1、验证码不输入
2、输入错误的验证码
3、输入正确的验证码
使用kaptcha生成验证码感觉挺不错的,非常好用和方便。