分布式配置nacos搭建踩坑指南(下)

上一篇介绍了在配置nacos中的碰到的坑，这一篇介绍一下如何正确进行nacos的环境搭建和配置，所以本文分为两部分，第一部分为环境搭建，介绍如何安装和运行。第二部分为alibaba Sprint Boot配置，介绍如何正确配置。

注意：本文基于nacos 2.2.0,alibaba Spring Boot 2.6.11，eclipse,操作系统为windows.

一.环境搭建

1.下载nacos

在github上下载nacos的windows安装文件,网址为：https://github.com/alibaba/nacos/releases，这里选择2.2.0下载,选择.zip格式的即可，入下所示：

2.运行nacos

解压下载回来的zip文件至D盘，进入bin文件夹，运行：.\startup.cmd -m standalone 启动nacos,如果看到" Nacos started successfully in stand alone mode. use embedded storage",恭喜！运行成功！如下所示：

3.登录配置界面：

在浏览器中访问：http://localhost:8848/nacos/，用户名和密码都是nacos,即可进入后台配置页面，如下所示：

第二部分 Spring Boot配置

1.下载alibaba Spring Boot脚手架

访问https://start.aliyun.com/bootstrap.html，Group输入：com.alibaba.cloud,Artifact:nacos-config-sample,组件选择：Nacos Configuration,Spring Web,Spring Boot Actuator,同时需要引入Spring Cloud下的Cloud Bootstrap。这个在阿里巴巴出版的电子书<<Spring Cloud alibaba 从入门到实战>>中没有介绍。如果没有引入Cloud Bootstrap，在eclipse中运行后必报错,截图如下：

下面是完整的pom.xml文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.6.11</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>nacos-config-sample</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>nacos-config-sample</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
 
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2021.0.4.0</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>2021.0.4</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>
 
    <dependencies>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bootstrap</artifactId>
</dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
 
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
 
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.8.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
 
</project>

2.配置namespace

访问http://localhost:8848/nacos/，在后台新建一个名为testnamespace的namespace,记住它的id:bd1caf11-e4f1-4dd0-9a4b-2c32041c64e2，待会在spring boot配置中要用到，如下所示：

3.配置Properties

在配置管理中，我们选择刚才新建的testnamespace命名空间,在这个下面创建配置，新增一个data id为：nacos-config-sample.properties 的配置，配置格式选择properties.注意,data id的格式为{spring boot 应用名}.properties,两边必须要一致，否则报错！如下所示：

4.配置Spring Boot:

1)配置bootstrap.properties

spring.cloud.nacos.config.username=nacos
spring.cloud.nacos.config.password=nacos
spring.cloud.nacos.config.contextPath=/nacos
spring.cloud.nacos.config.server-addr=localhost:8848
spring.cloud.nacos.config.namespace=bd1caf11-e4f1-4dd0-9a4b-2c32041c64e2 
spring.cloud.nacos.config.extension-configs[0].data-id=nacos-config-sample.properties
spring.cloud.nacos.config.extension-configs[0].refresh=true

注意spring.cloud.nacos.config.namespace=bd1caf11-e4f1-4dd0-9a4b-2c32041c64e2，这个namespace就是上面新建命名空间的id.

2)配置application.properties

spring.application.name=nacos-config-sample
server.port=8080
management.server.port=8081
management.endpoints.jmx.exposure.include=*
management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=*
management.endpoint.health.show-details=always

3)新建实体类

package com.alibaba.cloud.nacosconfigsample;
 
import com.alibaba.nacos.api.config.annotation.*;
 
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.cloud.context.config.annotation.RefreshScope;
import org.springframework.cloud.context.scope.*;
 
 
@RefreshScope
//@ConfigurationProperties(prefix="user")
public class User {
    
    private String name;
    private int age;
     
    public String getName() {
        return name;
         
    }
     
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name=name;
         
    }
     
    public int getAge() {
        return this.age;
         
    }
     
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age=age;
         
    }
     
}

4）Spring boot启动类

package com.alibaba.cloud.nacosconfigsample;
 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.cloud.context.config.annotation.RefreshScope;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import com.alibaba.nacos.api.config.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.cloud.context.config.annotation.RefreshScope;
import javax.annotation.*;
 
@RestController
@SpringBootApplication
@RefreshScope
//@EnableConfigurationProperties(User.class)
public class NacosConfigSampleApplication {
 
     
    @Value("${user.name}") //import org.springframework.cloud.context.config.annotation.RefreshScope;
    private String userName;
     
    @Value("${user.age}")
    private int age;
     
    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
         
        System.out.printf("[init] user age is: %s",userName);
    }
     
//  @Autowired
//  private User user;
     
    @RequestMapping("/user")
    public String user() {
         
        return  "user :"+userName;
    //return user.getName();
    }
     
    @PreDestroy
    public void destroy() {
         
        System.out.printf("[destroy] user age : %s ",userName);
    }
     
     
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(NacosConfigSampleApplication.class, args);
    }
 
}