Python3实现126邮箱163邮箱SMTP发送邮件
Email起到提醒作用，当爬虫过程中遇到异常或者服务器遇到问题，可以通过Email及时向自己报告。
发送邮件的协议是STMP，python内置对SMTP的支持，可以发送纯文本邮件、html邮件以及带附件的邮件。
SMTP协议
首先了解SMTP(简单邮件传输协议)，邮件传送代理程序使用SMTP协议来发送电邮到接收者的邮件服务器。SMTP协议只能用来发送邮件，不能用来接收邮件，而大多数的邮件发送服务器都是使用SMTP协议。SMTP协议的默认TCP端口号是25。
发送邮件之前的配置：
上面说了是使用SMTP协议发送的邮件，所以需要先查看你的发件人邮箱是否有开启SMTP协议，如没有，则需要开启，我测试使用的是163.com的邮箱作为发信人邮箱，在设置中开启SMTP协议如下图所示。
构造一个简单的纯文本邮件
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
msg = MIMEText('Python爬虫运行异常，异常信息为遇到HTTP 403', 'plain', 'utf-8')
构造MIMEText对象时需要三个参数
邮件正文，'Python爬虫运行异常，异常信息为遇到HTTP 403'
MIMEL的subtype，'plain'表示纯文本
编码格式，'utf-8'
例子（1）
import smtplib from email.header import Header from email.mime.text import MIMEText # 第三方 SMTP 服务 mail_host = "smtp.126.com" # SMTP服务器 mail_user = "***@126.com" # 用户名 mail_pass = "******" # 授权密码，非登录密码 sender = '***@126.com' # 发件人邮箱(最好写全, 不然会失败) receivers = ['*****@aliyun.com'] # 接收邮件，可设置为你的QQ邮箱或者其他邮箱 content = 'Python爬虫运行异常' title = '测试' # 邮件主题 def sendEmail(): message = MIMEText(content, 'plain', 'utf-8') # 内容, 格式, 编码 message['From'] = "{}".format(sender) message['To'] = ",".join(receivers) message['Subject'] = title try: smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(mail_host, 465) # 启用SSL发信, 端口一般是465 smtpObj.login(mail_user, mail_pass) # 登录验证 smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message.as_string()) # 发送 print("mail has been send successfully.") except smtplib.SMTPException as e: print(e) def send_email2(SMTP_host, from_account, from_passwd, to_account, subject, content): email_client = smtplib.SMTP(SMTP_host) email_client.login(from_account, from_passwd) # create msg msg = MIMEText(content, 'plain', 'utf-8') msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8') # subject msg['From'] = from_account msg['To'] = to_account email_client.sendmail(from_account, to_account, msg.as_string()) email_client.quit() if __name__ == '__main__': sendEmail()
（2）
1 import smtplib 2 from email.header import Header 3 from email.mime.text import MIMEText 4 5 # 第三方 SMTP 服务 6 mail_host = "smtp.126.com" # SMTP服务器 7 mail_user = "***@126.com" # 用户名 8 mail_pass = "******" # 授权密码，非登录密码 9 10 sender = '***@126.com' # 发件人邮箱(最好写全, 不然会失败) 11 receivers = ['*****@aliyun.com'] # 接收邮件，可设置为你的QQ邮箱或者其他邮箱 12 13 content = '聪明的，你告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢？' 14 title = '匆匆' # 邮件主题 15 16 def sendEmail(): 17 18 message = MIMEText(content, 'plain', 'utf-8') # 内容, 格式, 编码 19 message['From'] = "{}".format(sender) 20 message['To'] = ",".join(receivers) 21 message['Subject'] = title 22 23 try: 24 smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(mail_host, 465) # 启用SSL发信, 端口一般是465 25 smtpObj.login(mail_user, mail_pass) # 登录验证 26 smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message.as_string()) # 发送 27 print("mail has been send successfully.") 28 except smtplib.SMTPException as e: 29 print(e) 30 31 def send_email2(SMTP_host, from_account, from_passwd, to_account, subject, content): 32 email_client = smtplib.SMTP(SMTP_host) 33 email_client.login(from_account, from_passwd) 34 # create msg 35 msg = MIMEText(content, 'plain', 'utf-8') 36 msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8') # subject 37 msg['From'] = from_account 38 msg['To'] = to_account 39 email_client.sendmail(from_account, to_account, msg.as_string()) 40 41 email_client.quit() 42 43 if __name__ == '__main__': 44 sendEmail() 45 # receiver = '***' 46 # send_email2(mail_host, mail_user, mail_pass, receiver, title, content)
终端显示发送成功。
1 wljdeMacBook-Pro:Desktop wlj$ python3 126.py 2 mail has been send successfully. 3 wljdeMacBook-Pro:Desktop wlj$
如果测试出现报错，请看网易邮箱给出的状态码及含义。
