std::function"函数"对象包装器

语义:

  类模板std::function是可调用对象的包装器,可以包装除了类成员之外的所有可调用对象。包括,普通函数,函数指针,lambda,仿函数。通过指定的模板参数,它可以用统一的方式保存,并延迟执行它们。所谓的延迟执行,就是回调了。

它使得C++对C的兼容性更强了。

 

常规多态案例:

#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
using namespace std;
class Operator
{
  public:
    virtual int op(int,int) = 0;
};
class OperatorAdd:public Operator
{ 
public:     
int op(int i,int j) { return i+j; } }; class OperatorMinus:public Operator {
public:     
int op(int i,int j)     {       return i-j;     } }; int main() {   Operator *oper = new OperatorAdd;   cout<<oper->op(4,5)<<endl;   oper = new OperatorMinus;   cout<<oper->op(10,4)<<endl;   return 0; }

 

多态转std::function

#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
#include <map>
using namespace std;
int add(int i,int j)
{
    return i+j;
}
int _minus(int i,int j)
{
    return i-j;
}

typedef int(*MINUS)(int,int);
//using MINUS = int(*)(int,int)
auto multiply
= [](int i,int j){return i*j;};

class Divide { public: int operator()(int i, int j){ return i/j; } }; int main() { std::function<int(int,int)> oper; oper = add; cout<<oper(1,2)<<endl; MINUS m = _minus; oper = m; cout<<oper(10,1)<<endl; oper = multiply; cout<<oper(1,2)<<endl; oper = Divide(); cout<<oper(10,2)<<endl;
map
<string,std::function<int(int,int)>> math; math.insert({"+",add}); math.insert({"-",_minus}); math.insert({"*",multiply}); math.insert({"/",Divide()}); math.insert({"%",[](int i, int j){return i%j;}});
cout
<<math["+"](10,5)<<endl; cout<<math["-"](10,5)<<endl; cout<<math["*"](10,5)<<endl; cout<<math["/"](10,5)<<endl; cout<<math["%"](10,5)<<endl; return 0; }

   写完这段代码完全被震撼了,被感动的不要不要的。C++的灵活性简直逆天了。

 

应用:

常规回调

#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
using namespace std;
class functor
{
public:
    void operator()()
    {
        cout<<__FUNCTION__<<endl;
    }
};


class A
{
public:
    A(const function<void()> & cb):_callback(cb)
    {}
    void notify()
    {
        _callback();
    }
    function<void()> _callback;
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    functor fct;
    A a(fct);
    a.notify();
    return 0;
}

 

 

#include <iostream>
#include <functional>


using namespace std;

void printWhenEven(int data,const std::function<void(int)> &f)
{
    if(data%2)
        f(data);
}


void print(int i)
{
    cout<<i<<endl;
}


int main()
{
    for(int i =0;i<10;i++)
    {
        printWhenEven(i,print);
        cout<<"+++++++++++++++++++"<<endl;
//        printWhenEven(i,[](int i){cout<<i+1<<endl;});
    }
}

 

posted @ 2018-07-20 16:01  小念之歌  阅读(680)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报