生产者-消费者(producer-consumer)问题,也称作有界缓冲区(bounded-buffer)问题,两个进程共享一个公共的固定大小的缓冲区。其中一个是生产者,用于将消息放入缓冲区;另外一个是消费者,用于从缓冲区中取出消息。问题出现在当缓冲区已经满了,而此时生产者还想向其中放入一个新的数据项的情形,其解决方法是让生产者此时进行休眠,等待消费者从缓冲区中取走了一个或者多个数据后再去唤醒它。同样地,当缓冲区已经空了,而消费者还想去取消息,此时也可以让消费者进行休眠,等待生产者放入一个或者多个数据时再唤醒它。
一,首先定义公共资源类,其中的变量number是保存的公共数据。并且定义两个方法,增加number的值和减少number的值。由于多线程的原因,必须加上synchronized关键字,注意while判断的条件。
package com.wjy.resources; public class PublicResource { private int number=0; private static final int MAX_CAPACITY=3; /** * increase resource */ /** * 增加公共资源 */ public synchronized void increace(String threadName) { while (number >=MAX_CAPACITY) { try { wait(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } number++; System.out.println("Producer "+threadName+" product one: "+number); notify(); } /** * 减少公共资源 */ public synchronized void decreace(String threadName) { while (number == 0) { try { wait(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } number--; System.out.println("Consumer "+threadName+" consume one: "+number); notify(); } }
二,分别定义生产者线程和消费者线程,并模拟多次生产和消费,即增加和减少公共资源的number值
package com.wjy.producer; import com.wjy.resources.PublicResource; public class ProducerThread implements Runnable{ private PublicResource resource; private String threadName; /** * 这样的构造函数可以使得生产者和消费者们共享公共资源,只要他们依赖的是同一个公共资源的对象。 */ public ProducerThread(PublicResource resource,String threadName) { this.resource = resource; this.threadName=threadName; } @Override public void run() { /** * 生产者的生产次数 */ for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { try { Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 1000)); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } resource.increace(threadName); } } }
package com.wjy.consumer; import com.wjy.resources.PublicResource; public class ConsumerThread implements Runnable{ private PublicResource resource; private String threadName; /** * 这样的构造函数可以使得生产者和消费者们共享公共资源,只要他们依赖的是同一个公共资源的对象。 */ public ConsumerThread(PublicResource resource,String threadName) { this.resource = resource; this.threadName=threadName; } @Override public void run() { /** * 消费者的消费次数 */ for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { try { Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 1000)); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } resource.decreace(threadName); } } }
三,模拟多个生产者和消费者操作公共资源的情形,结果须保证是在允许的范围内。
package client; import com.wjy.consumer.ConsumerThread; import com.wjy.producer.ProducerThread; import com.wjy.resources.PublicResource; /** * This is an example that has three producers,two consumers. */ public class Client { public static void main(String[] args) { PublicResource resource = new PublicResource(); Thread producerOne=new Thread(new ProducerThread(resource,"'生产者1号'")); Thread producerTwo=new Thread(new ProducerThread(resource,"'生产者2号'")); Thread producerThree=new Thread(new ProducerThread(resource,"'生产者3号'")); Thread consumerOne=new Thread(new ConsumerThread(resource,"'消费者1号'")); Thread consumerTwo=new Thread(new ConsumerThread(resource,"'消费者2号'")); producerOne.start(); consumerOne.start(); consumerTwo.start(); producerTwo.start(); producerThree.start(); } }