kafka基本操作

kafka基本操作

一、kafka基本概念:

  • Producer: 生产者,制造数据,数据的来源的提供者
  • Consumer:消费者,消费数据,处理数据,获取kafka的数据
  • Consumer Group/Consumers:消费者组,同组内轮询,不同组广播
  • Broker:代表我们的kafka的服务
  • Topic:我们发数据或者接受数据的主题,这个数据是那一个类型,标贴
  • Partition:分区,可以实现数据负载均衡,同一个类型的数据,可以存放在多个分区
  • Replica:副本集,通过冗余数据,实现数据不丢失,备份数据
  • Offset:偏移量,就是当前数据的唯一标识,比如生产者生产当前的数据顺序号,消费者消费数据的顺序号,记录当前消费到哪里

2. 生产者:

发送数据的时候,没有直接把数据发送到broke里面去,而是把数据先存储到内存一个空间里面,然后后台有一个线程检测当前内存空间数据量的大小,然根据配置来判断是否要把数据发送给broke(比如,配置,数据条数,或者数据大小多少个字节)

3. rabbmit和kafka

  rabbmit是高并发,为什么,他是erlang开发,这个语言是开发电话交换机,这个语言本身是一个把高并发玩的很溜的一个语言,自身是不能实现负载均衡,可以利用一些工具,而且集群不好用,用镜像。

  rabbmit的确认消费机制是在消费端,而Kafka的的确认消费机制是在发送端。但是都可以使用CAP原理进行实现一致性。
  kakfa:高吞吐,1.打包发送,2 内存零复制,利用内核,写的内核底层代码3,磁盘顺序读写,自身能实现复制均衡

4. zk

  zk主要是用来管理kafka,对其进行leader选举。利用其强一致性,协调broker工作。

二、代码使用:

生产者代码:

  

static async System.Threading.Tasks.Task Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Hello World!");
            while (1 == 1)
            {

                Console.WriteLine("请输入发送的内容");
                var message = Console.ReadLine();
                //NetKafka.Push("mytopic1", message);
                //string brokerList = "192.168.1.201:9092,192.168.1.202:9092,192.168.1.203:9092";
                string brokerList = "192.168.1.201:9092";
                //string brokerList = "192.168.1.201:9092";
                //string brokerList = "192.168.1.201:9093,192.168.1.201:9092,192.168.1.201:9092";
                //string brokerList = "localhost:9092";
                ConfulentKafka.Produce(brokerList, "Test", message);

            }

        }
class ConfulentKafka
    {

        /// <summary>
        /// 发送事件
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="event"></param>
        public static async Task Produce(string brokerlist, string topicname, string content)
        {
            string brokerList = brokerlist;
            string topicName = topicname;
            var config = new ProducerConfig
            {
                BootstrapServers = brokerList,
                //幂等性 针对于我们的一个分区
                //EnableIdempotence = true,
                Acks = Acks.All,
                // 你可以自己配置,鱼和熊掌不可兼得 
                //LingerMs = 10000, //信息发送完,多久吧数据发送到broker里面去
                BatchNumMessages = 2,//控制条数,当内存的数据条数达到了,立刻马上发送过去
                                     // 只要上面的两个要求符合一个,则后台线程立刻马上把数据推送给broker
                MessageSendMaxRetries = 3,//补偿重试,发送失败了则重试
                                          //  Partitioner = Partitioner.Random


            };

            using (var producer = new ProducerBuilder<string, string>(config)
                //.SetValueSerializer(new CustomStringSerializer<string>())
                //    .SetStatisticsHandler((o, json) =>
                //{
                //    Console.WriteLine("json");
                //    Console.WriteLine(json);
                //})
                .Build())
            {

                Console.WriteLine("\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------");
                Console.WriteLine($"Producer {producer.Name} producing on topic {topicName}.");
                Console.WriteLine("-----------------------------------------------------------------------");
                try
                {
            
                    // 信息是键值对
                    // key 可以根据key实现负载均衡,判断当前数据发送到那个分区里面
                    // 为了给大家做实验,则key和内容是一样,的,开发中,不是这么玩,根据需要来设置key
                    var deliveryReport = await producer.ProduceAsync(
                    topicName, new Message<string, string> { Key = content, Value = content });
                    Console.WriteLine($"delivered to: {deliveryReport.TopicPartitionOffset}");

                }
                catch (ProduceException<string, string> e)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"failed to deliver message: {e.Message} [{e.Error.Code}]");
                }
            }
        }
    }

消费端:

static void Main(string[] args)
        {

            //.net coer 看看源代码
            //FileStream fileStream = new FileStream("", FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.Write, FileShare.ReadWrite);
            //fileStream.Write(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("abc"));

             
            //StreamWriter streamWriter = new StreamWriter(fileStream);

            //StreamReader streamread= new StreamReader(fileStream);
            // 然而啥都有
            //java 
            // 文件流,字节流,字符流// socket 流//通过网络,实现通讯
            // iso websocket >http的性能
            //netty 200 
            //kafka  netty
            //es  netty
            //NetKafka.Pull();
            Console.WriteLine("Hello World!");
            string brokerList = "localhost:9092";//,localhost:9093
                                                                                   //string brokerList = "localhost:9092"; // 
 
            //原理+实战
            var topics = new List<string> { "Test"};
            Console.WriteLine("请输入组名称");
            string groupname = Console.ReadLine();
            ConfulentKafka.Consumer(brokerList, topics, groupname);
        }
class ConfulentKafka
    {


        /// <summary>
        ///  消费端拿到数据,告诉kafka数据我已经消费完了
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="brokerList"></param>
        /// <param name="topics"></param>
        /// <param name="group"></param>
        public static void Run_Consume(string brokerList, List<string> topics, string group)
        {
            var config = new ConsumerConfig
            {
                BootstrapServers = brokerList,
                GroupId = group,

                // 由程序员来提交
                // // 提交方式不由你来做主,我们后台线程帮我去做
                EnableAutoCommit = false,
                /// 为什么不要后台主动给我提交偏移量 
                //StatisticsIntervalMs = 5000,//相当于死循环 ,0毫秒
                // 拿去最新的
                AutoOffsetReset = AutoOffsetReset.Latest,
                // 讲组名
                //EnablePartitionEof = true,
                //PartitionAssignmentStrategy = PartitionAssignmentStrategy.Range,
                //FetchMaxBytes =,
                //FetchWaitMaxMs=1,   

                // 回话超时//心跳,如果机器挂了
                SessionTimeoutMs = 6000,
                //// 超时和超时的大小有么有限制
                ///// 消费超时
                MaxPollIntervalMs = 6000,
                 


            };

            const int commitPeriod = 1;
            // 提交偏移量的时候,也可以批量去提交
            using (var consumer = new ConsumerBuilder<Ignore, string>(config)
                .SetErrorHandler((_, e) => Console.WriteLine($"Error: {e.Reason}"))
                .SetPartitionsAssignedHandler((c, partitions) =>
                {
                    //自定义存储偏移量
                    // 1.每次消费完成,把相应的分区id和offset写入到mysql数据库存储
                    //2.从指定分区和偏移量开始拉取数据
                    //分配的时候调用
                    Console.WriteLine($"Assigned partitions: [{string.Join(", ", partitions)}]");
                    #region 指定分区消费
                    // 之前可以自动均衡,现在不可以了 
                    //List<TopicPartitionOffset> topics = new List<TopicPartitionOffset>();
                    //// 我当前读取所有的分区里面的从10开始
                    //foreach (var item in partitions)
                    //{
                    //    topics.Add(new TopicPartitionOffset(item.Topic, item.Partition, new Offset(10)));
                    //}
 
                    //return topics;
                    #endregion
                })
                .SetPartitionsRevokedHandler((c, partitions) =>
                {
                    //新加入消费者的时候调用 
                    Console.WriteLine($"Revoking assignment: [{string.Join(", ", partitions)}]");
                })
                .Build())
            {
                //消费者会影响在平衡分区,当同一个组新加入消费者时,分区会在分配
                consumer.Subscribe(topics);
                try
                {

                    while (true)
                    {

                        try
                        {
                            var consumeResult = consumer.Consume();

                            if (consumeResult.IsPartitionEOF)
                            {
                                continue;
                            }
                            //当前拿到数据的偏移量是多少 ?
                            //你可以存在mysql,,redis、
                            // topic ,分区的id,偏移量

                            // 抓取到数据
                            Console.WriteLine($": {consumeResult.TopicPartitionOffset}::{consumeResult.Message.Value}");

                            // 会重复消费
                            if (consumeResult.Offset % commitPeriod == 0)
                            {
                                try
                                {
                                    //超时没有提交//转交数据
                                    //Thread.Sleep(2000000);
                                    // 提交机制 
                                    consumer.Commit(consumeResult);
                                    Console.WriteLine("提交");
                                }
                                catch (KafkaException e)
                                {
                                    Console.WriteLine($"Commit error: {e.Error.Reason}");
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        catch (ConsumeException e)
                        {
                            Console.WriteLine($"Consume error: {e.Error.Reason}");
                        }
                    }
                }
                catch (OperationCanceledException)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Closing consumer.");
                    consumer.Close();
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///     In this example
        ///         - consumer group functionality (i.e. .Subscribe + offset commits) is not used.
        ///         - the consumer is manually assigned to a partition and always starts consumption
        ///           from a specific offset (0).
        /// </summary>
        public static void Run_ManualAssign(string brokerList, List<string> topics, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            var config = new ConsumerConfig
            {
                // the group.id property must be specified when creating a consumer, even 
                // if you do not intend to use any consumer group functionality.
                GroupId = new Guid().ToString(),
                BootstrapServers = brokerList,
                // partition offsets can be committed to a group even by consumers not
                // subscribed to the group. in this example, auto commit is disabled
                // to prevent this from occurring.
                EnableAutoCommit = true
            };

            using (var consumer =
                new ConsumerBuilder<Ignore, string>(config)
                    .SetErrorHandler((_, e) => Console.WriteLine($"Error: {e.Reason}")).SetPartitionsAssignedHandler((c, partitions) =>
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine($"Assigned partitions: [{string.Join(", ", partitions)}]");
                    })
                    .Build())
            {
                List<TopicPartitionOffset> topicsss = new List<TopicPartitionOffset>();
                consumer.Assign(
                    // 我指定读取那个一个,,哪一个偏移量
                    topics.Select(topic => new TopicPartitionOffset(topic, 1, 6)).ToList()
                    
                    );
                try
                {
                    while (true)
                    {
                        try
                        {
                            var consumeResult = consumer.Consume(cancellationToken);
                            Console.WriteLine($"Received message at {consumeResult.TopicPartitionOffset}: ${consumeResult.Message.Value}");
                        }
                        catch (ConsumeException e)
                        {
                            Console.WriteLine($"Consume error: {e.Error.Reason}");
                        }
                    }
                }
                catch (OperationCanceledException)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Closing consumer.");
                    consumer.Close();
                }
            }
        }

        private static void PrintUsage()
            => Console.WriteLine("Usage: .. <subscribe|manual> <broker,broker,..> <topic> [topic..]");

        public static void Consumer(string brokerlist, List<string> topicname, string groupname)
        {

            var mode = "subscribe";
            var brokerList = brokerlist;
            var topics = topicname;
            Console.WriteLine($"Started consumer, Ctrl-C to stop consuming");
            CancellationTokenSource cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
            Console.CancelKeyPress += (_, e) =>
            {
                e.Cancel = true; // prevent the process from terminating.
                cts.Cancel();
            };

            switch (mode)
            {
                case "subscribe":
                    Run_Consume(brokerList, topics, groupname);
                    break;
                case "manual":
                    Run_ManualAssign(brokerList, topics, cts.Token);
                    break;
                default:
                    PrintUsage();
                    break;
            }
        }
    }

待验证文章:https://www.jianshu.com/p/6b6696233f47#comments

如果不懂具体细节可以留言。

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posted @ 2021-11-07 23:55  锦大大的博客呀!  阅读(374)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报