Notification 使用详解

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本篇文章主要介绍 Android 开发中的部分知识点，通过阅读本篇文章，您将收获以下内容:

  1. Notification 简介
  2. 通知的创建
  3. 通知的管理
  4. 简单的通知
  5. 可以 扩展的通知
  6. 通知中含下载进度条
  7. 通知中含媒体播放控件
  8. 自定义通知内容

Notification 通知是应用向用户显示的消息提示，当发送通知时，通知将先以图标的形式显示在通知区域中。用户可以打开下拉通知栏查看通知的详细信息。 通知区域和下拉通知栏均是由系统控制的区域，用户可以随时查看。

Notification 简介

通知在Android用户界面的一个重要部分，其使用方法请看以下内容：

Notification 继承关系如下：

java.lang.Object
   ↳
    android.app.Notification

1.Notification 简介

通知是应用向用户显示的消息提示，当发送通知时，通知将先以图标的形式显示在通知区域中。用户可以打开下拉通知栏查看通知的详细信息。 通知区域和下拉通知栏均是由系统控制的区域，用户可以随时查看。

通知区域中的通知

下拉通知栏中的通知

2.创建Notification 的方法

    1. 调用NotificationCompat.Builder.build() 创建Notification 对象
    1. 然后调用 NotificationManager.notify() 将Notification对象传递给系统。

Notification 对象必须包含以下内容：

    1. 小图标，由setSmallIcon()设置
    1. 标题，由 setContentTitle() 设置
    1. 详细文本，由 setContentText() 设置

通知可选内容

  • 设置优先级

通知默认优先级为 PRIORITY_DEFAULT 0
Notification.Builder.setPriority()
5个级别可选（-2、-1、0、1、2）

通知优先级如下：

    PRIORITY_LOW=-1
    PRIORITY_MIN=-2
    PRIORITY_DEFAULT = 0
    PRIORITY_HIGH=1
    PRIORITY_MAX=2

设置可以扩展样式

通过Notification.Builder.setStyle()可以设置通知的样式。

点击通知启动Activity(PendingIntent)

通知中经常遇到，点击通知栏，打开 Activity。



		Notification.Builder mBuilder = new Notification.Builder(this);

		mBuilder.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.gril)
				.setDefaults(Notification.DEFAULT_SOUND).setColor(000)
				.setContentTitle("简单通知Tittle").setContentText("点击可以打开Activity");

		Intent resultIntent = new Intent(this, NotificationMethods.class);
		// 新开一个Activity 栈

		resultIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK
				| Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK);
		TaskStackBuilder stackBuilder = TaskStackBuilder.create(this);
		stackBuilder.addParentStack(NotificationMethods.class);
		stackBuilder.addNextIntent(resultIntent);
		PendingIntent resultPendingIntent = stackBuilder.getPendingIntent(0,
				PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
		mBuilder.setContentIntent(resultPendingIntent);

		NotificationManager mNotificationManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
		mNotificationManager.notify(0, mBuilder.build());

3. 通知的管理

    1. 更新通知

调用 NotificationManager.notify(ID) 发出带有通知ID的通知，ID相同，即可更新以前ID发送的通知。

    1. 删除通知

创建时 调用了 setAutoCancel(true)

删除时候调用删除指定ID

NotificationManager.cancel(notificationId)

删除自己应用发的所有通知

Utils.mNotificationManager.cancelAll();
    1. 在通知中显示进度条

setProgress()

4. 简单的通知

  • 实现效果

简单通知图片

  • 实现代码
	/**
	 * 简单通知
	 */
	public void SimpleNotification(View view) {

		Notification.Builder mBuilder = new Notification.Builder(this);

		mBuilder.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.gril)
				.setDefaults(Notification.DEFAULT_SOUND).setColor(000)
				.setContentTitle("简单通知Tittle").setContentText("点击可以打开Activity");

		Intent resultIntent = new Intent(this, NotificationMethods.class);
		// 新开一个Activity 栈

		resultIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK
				| Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK);
		TaskStackBuilder stackBuilder = TaskStackBuilder.create(this);
		stackBuilder.addParentStack(NotificationMethods.class);
		stackBuilder.addNextIntent(resultIntent);
		PendingIntent resultPendingIntent = stackBuilder.getPendingIntent(0,
				PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
		mBuilder.setContentIntent(resultPendingIntent);

		NotificationManager mNotificationManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
		mNotificationManager.notify(0, mBuilder.build());
	}

5. 可以 扩展的通知

  • 实现效果

通知展开图

通知未展开图

  • 实现代码

	/**
	 * 可扩展通知
	 * **/
	public void NotificationStyle(View view) {

		Notification.Builder mBuilder = new Notification.Builder(this);

		mBuilder.setLargeIcon(
				DrawableUtils.DrawableToBitmap(getResources().getDrawable(
						R.drawable.ic_launcher)))
				.setContentTitle("我是可扩展通知的Tittle ")
				.setDefaults(Notification.DEFAULT_SOUND)

				.setContentText("我是可扩展通知的内容")
				.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher)
				.setAutoCancel(true)
				.setStyle(
						new Notification.InboxStyle().addLine("我是可扩展通知第一行")
								.addLine("我是可扩展通知第二行")
								.setBigContentTitle("我是可扩展的大 Tittle")
								.setSummaryText("点击,展开获取更多内容"));

		NotificationManager mNotificationManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
		// 如果Id 一样可以更新通知
		mNotificationManager.notify(1, mBuilder.build());
	}

6. 通知中含下载进度条

  • 实现效果

下载中通知

下载完成通知

  • 实现代码

	/**
	 * 带有下载进度条的通知
	 * **/
	public void NotificationProcess(View view) {

		final NotificationManager mNotifyManagerProcess;
		final Notification.Builder mBuilder;
		mNotifyManagerProcess = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
		mBuilder = new Notification.Builder(this);
		mBuilder.setContentTitle("Picture Downloading").setSmallIcon(
				R.drawable.ic_launcher);
		new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				for (MIncr = 0; MIncr <= 100; MIncr += 1 + 5 * Math.random()) {
					mBuilder.setProgress(100, MIncr, false).setContentText(
							MIncr + "%");
					mNotifyManagerProcess.notify(2, mBuilder.build());
					try {
						Thread.sleep(500);
					} catch (InterruptedException e) {
					}
				}
				/**
				 * setProgress true 则表示 进度条一直不停的从左至右滑动，类似于圆形进度条 false :进度条消失
				 * **/
				mBuilder.setContentText("Download complete").setProgress(0, 0,
						false);
				mNotifyManagerProcess.notify(2, mBuilder.build());
			}
		}).start();
	}

7. 通知中含媒体播放控件

  • 实现效果

未展开图

展开图

  • 实现代码
	/**
	 * 音乐播放器样式
	 * **/
	public void NotificationMediaStyle(View view) {
		Notification.Builder mMediaBuilder = new Notification.Builder(this);
		mMediaBuilder.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher);
		mMediaBuilder.setContentTitle("如果有一天我变有钱");
		mMediaBuilder.setContentText("毛不易");
		mMediaBuilder.setLargeIcon(DrawableUtils
				.DrawableToBitmap(getResources().getDrawable(
						R.drawable.ic_launcher)));
		Intent mIntent = new Intent();
		ComponentName name = new ComponentName(this, NotificationMethods.class);
		mIntent.setComponent(name);
		PendingIntent mPendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(
				getApplicationContext(), 0, mIntent, 0);
		mMediaBuilder.setContentIntent(mPendingIntent);
		mMediaBuilder.setPriority(Notification.PRIORITY_MAX);
		mMediaBuilder.addAction(new Notification.Action.Builder(Icon
				.createWithResource(NotificationMethods.this,
						R.drawable.music_pre), "1", null).build());
		mMediaBuilder.addAction(new Notification.Action.Builder(Icon
				.createWithResource(NotificationMethods.this,
						R.drawable.music_play), "2", null).build());
		mMediaBuilder.addAction(new Notification.Action.Builder(Icon
				.createWithResource(NotificationMethods.this,
						R.drawable.music_next), "3", null).build());

		Notification.MediaStyle mMediaStyle = new Notification.MediaStyle();
		mMediaStyle.setShowActionsInCompactView(0, 1, 2);
		mMediaBuilder.setStyle(mMediaStyle);

		NotificationManager mNotificationManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
		// 如果Id 一样可以更新通知
		mNotificationManager.notify(1, mMediaBuilder.build());
	}

8. 自定义通知内容

  • 实现效果

自定义通知效果图

  • 实现代码
	/**
	 * 自定义样式通知
	 * **/
	public void NotificationCustomView(View view) {

		/***
		 * 自定义Remoteview
		 * **/
		RemoteViews remoteViews = new RemoteViews(getPackageName(),
				R.layout.notification_view);
		remoteViews.setTextViewText(R.id.tv_content_title, "十年");
		remoteViews.setTextViewText(R.id.tv_content_text, "陈奕迅");
		// 打开上一首
		remoteViews.setOnClickPendingIntent(R.id.btn_pre,
				SetClickPendingIntent(NOTIFICATION_PRE));
		// 打开下一首
		remoteViews.setOnClickPendingIntent(R.id.btn_next,
				SetClickPendingIntent(NOTIFICATION_NEXT));
		// 点击整体布局时,打开播放器
		remoteViews.setOnClickPendingIntent(R.id.btn_play,
				SetClickPendingIntent(NOTIFICATION_PLAY));
		// 点击整体布局时,打开Activity
		remoteViews.setOnClickPendingIntent(R.id.ll_root,
				SetClickPendingIntent(NOTIFICATION_ACTIVITY));

		remoteViews.setOnClickPendingIntent(R.id.img_clear,
				SetClickPendingIntent(NOTIFICATION_CANCEL));

		Notification.Builder builder = new Notification.Builder(this)
				.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher)
				.setTicker("当前正在播放..")
				.setWhen(System.currentTimeMillis())
				.setContentTitle("十年")
				.setContentText("陈奕迅")
				.setAutoCancel(true)
				.setLargeIcon(
						DrawableUtils.DrawableToBitmap(getResources()
								.getDrawable(R.drawable.ic_launcher)))
				.setContent(remoteViews);

		Utils.mNotificationManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
		// 打开通知
		Utils.mNotificationManager.notify(Utils.NOTIFICATION_CUSTOM_ID,
				builder.build());
	}

	public PendingIntent SetClickPendingIntent(int what) {
		switch (what) {

		case NOTIFICATION_PRE:
			Intent intentPre = new Intent(this, MainActivity.class);
			intentPre.putExtra("cmd", what);
			int flagPre = PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT;
			PendingIntent clickPreIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this,
					what, intentPre, flagPre);
			return clickPreIntent;

		case NOTIFICATION_PLAY:
			Intent intentPlay = new Intent(this, NotificationMethods.class);
			intentPlay.putExtra("cmd", what);
			int flagPlay = PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT;
			PendingIntent clickPlayIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this,
					what, intentPlay, flagPlay);
			return clickPlayIntent;
		case NOTIFICATION_NEXT:
			Intent intentNext = new Intent(this, ActivityMethods.class);
			intentNext.putExtra("cmd", what);
			int flagNext = PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT;
			PendingIntent clickNextIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this,
					what, intentNext, flagNext);
			return clickNextIntent;
		case NOTIFICATION_ACTIVITY:
			Intent intentActivity = new Intent(this, ServiceMethod.class);
			intentActivity.putExtra("cmd", what);
			int flag = PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT;
			PendingIntent clickIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, what,
					intentActivity, flag);
			Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "打开Activity", 0).show();
			return clickIntent;
		case NOTIFICATION_CANCEL:

			Intent intentCancel = new Intent("Notification_cancel");
			intentCancel.putExtra("cancel_notification_id",
					Utils.NOTIFICATION_CUSTOM_ID);
			int flagCancel = PendingIntent.FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT;
			PendingIntent clickCancelIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(this,
					0, intentCancel, flagCancel);
			return clickCancelIntent;
		default:
			break;
		}
		return null;

	}

自定View 布局如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/ll_root"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:background="#282828"
    android:gravity="center_vertical"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    android:padding="8dp" >

    <ImageView
        android:layout_width="50dp"
        android:layout_height="50dp"
        android:padding="5dp"
        android:src="@drawable/ic_launcher" />

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:gravity="center_vertical"
        android:orientation="vertical" >

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_content_title"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:padding="5dp"
            android:textSize="18sp"
            android:text="十年"
            android:textColor="@android:color/white" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_content_text"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:paddingLeft="5dp"
            android:text="陈奕迅"
            android:textSize="14sp"
           android:textColor="@android:color/white" />
    </LinearLayout>

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_pre"
        android:layout_width="30dp"
        android:layout_height="30dp"
        android:background="@drawable/music_pre" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_play"
        android:layout_width="30dp"
        android:layout_height="30dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="16dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="8dp"
        android:background="@drawable/music_play" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_next"
        android:layout_width="30dp"
        android:layout_height="30dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="16dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="8dp"
        android:background="@drawable/music_next" />

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/img_clear"
        android:layout_width="30dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_gravity="top|center_horizontal"
        android:padding="6dp"
        android:src="@drawable/clear_img" />

</LinearLayout>

实现自定义通知删除按钮事件实现

		case NOTIFICATION_CANCEL:

			Intent intentCancel = new Intent("Notification_cancel");
			intentCancel.putExtra("cancel_notification_id",
					Utils.NOTIFICATION_CUSTOM_ID);
			int flagCancel = PendingIntent.FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT;
			PendingIntent clickCancelIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(this,
					0, intentCancel, flagCancel);
			return clickCancelIntent;
注意

广播是四大组件之一，需要在AndroidManfest.xml 中注册

注册方式如下：

        <receiver
            android:name="com.programandroid.BroadcastReceiver.NotificationReceived"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="Notification_cancel" />
                <action android:name="Notification_music_pre" />
                <action android:name="Notification_music_play" />
                <action android:name="Notification_music_next" />
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>

至此，本篇已结束，如有不对的地方，欢迎您的建议与指正。同时期待您的关注，感谢您的阅读，谢谢！

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posted @ 2019-08-06 18:12  程序员Android  阅读(1417)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报