吴恩达课后作业学习1-week4-homework-two-hidden-layer -1

参考:https://blog.csdn.net/u013733326/article/details/79767169

希望大家直接到上面的网址去查看代码,下面是本人的笔记

 

两层神经网络,和吴恩达课后作业学习1-week3-homework-one-hidden-layer——不发布不同之处在于使用的函数不同线性->ReLU->线性->sigmod函数,训练的数据也不同,这里训练的是之前吴恩达课后作业学习1-week2-homework-logistic中的数据,判断是否为猫,查看使用两层的效果是否比一层好

 

1.准备软件包

import numpy as np
import h5py
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import testCases #参见资料包,或者在文章底部copy
from dnn_utils import sigmoid, sigmoid_backward, relu, relu_backward #参见资料包
import lr_utils #参见资料包,或者在文章底部copy

为了和作者的数据匹配,需要指定随机种子

np.random.seed(1)

 

2.初始化参数

模型结构是线性->ReLU->线性->sigmod函数

def initialize_parameters(n_x,n_h,n_y):
    """
    此函数是为了初始化两层网络参数而使用的函数。
    参数:
        n_x - 输入层节点数量
        n_h - 隐藏层节点数量
        n_y - 输出层节点数量

    返回:
        parameters - 包含你的参数的python字典:
            W1 - 权重矩阵,维度为(n_h,n_x)
            b1 - 偏向量,维度为(n_h,1)
            W2 - 权重矩阵,维度为(n_y,n_h)
            b2 - 偏向量,维度为(n_y,1"""
    W1 = np.random.randn(n_h, n_x) * 0.01 #随机初始化参数
    b1 = np.zeros((n_h, 1))
    W2 = np.random.randn(n_y, n_h) * 0.01
    b2 = np.zeros((n_y, 1))

    #使用断言确保我的数据格式是正确的
    assert(W1.shape == (n_h, n_x))
    assert(b1.shape == (n_h, 1))
    assert(W2.shape == (n_y, n_h))
    assert(b2.shape == (n_y, 1))

    parameters = {"W1": W1,
                  "b1": b1,
                  "W2": W2,
                  "b2": b2}

    return parameters  

测试:

print("==============测试initialize_parameters==============")
parameters = initialize_parameters(3,2,1)
print("W1 = " + str(parameters["W1"]))
print("b1 = " + str(parameters["b1"]))
print("W2 = " + str(parameters["W2"]))
print("b2 = " + str(parameters["b2"]))

返回:

==============测试initialize_parameters==============
W1 = [[ 0.01624345 -0.00611756 -0.00528172]
 [-0.01072969  0.00865408 -0.02301539]]
b1 = [[0.]
 [0.]]
W2 = [[ 0.01744812 -0.00761207]]
b2 = [[0.]]

 

3.前向传播

1)线性部分

def linear_forward(A,W,b):
    """
    实现前向传播的线性部分。

    参数:
        A - 来自上一层(或输入数据)的激活,维度为(上一层的节点数量,示例的数量)
        W - 权重矩阵,numpy数组,维度为(当前图层的节点数量,前一图层的节点数量)
        b - 偏向量,numpy向量,维度为(当前图层节点数量,1)

    返回:
         Z - 激活功能的输入,也称为预激活参数
         cache - 一个包含“A”,“W”和“b”的字典,存储这些变量以有效地计算后向传递
    """
    Z = np.dot(W,A) + b
    assert(Z.shape == (W.shape[0],A.shape[1]))
    cache = (A,W,b)

    return Z,cache

测试函数linear_forward_test_case():

def linear_forward_test_case(): #随机生成A,W,b,只有一层
    np.random.seed(1)
    """
    X = np.array([[-1.02387576, 1.12397796],
 [-1.62328545, 0.64667545],
 [-1.74314104, -0.59664964]])
    W = np.array([[ 0.74505627, 1.97611078, -1.24412333]])
    b = np.array([[1]])
    """
    A = np.random.randn(3,2)
    W = np.random.randn(1,3)
    b = np.random.randn(1,1)
    
    return A, W, b

测试:

#测试linear_forward
print("==============测试linear_forward==============")
A,W,b = testCases.linear_forward_test_case()
Z,linear_cache = linear_forward(A,W,b)
print("Z = " + str(Z))
print(linear_cache

返回:

==============测试linear_forward==============
Z = [[ 3.26295337 -1.23429987]]
(array([[ 1.62434536, -0.61175641],
       [-0.52817175, -1.07296862],
       [ 0.86540763, -2.3015387 ]]), array([[ 1.74481176, -0.7612069 ,  0.3190391 ]]), array([[-0.24937038]]))

 

2)线性激活部分

def linear_activation_forward(A_prev,W,b,activation): #activation为指定使用的激活函数
    """
    实现LINEAR-> ACTIVATION 这一层的前向传播

    参数:
        A_prev - 来自上一层(或输入层)的激活,维度为(上一层的节点数量,示例数)
        W - 权重矩阵,numpy数组,维度为(当前层的节点数量,前一层的大小)
        b - 偏向量,numpy阵列,维度为(当前层的节点数量,1)
        activation - 选择在此层中使用的激活函数名,字符串类型,【"sigmoid" | "relu"】

    返回:
        A - 激活函数的输出,也称为激活后的值
        cache - 一个包含“linear_cache”和“activation_cache”的字典,我们需要存储它以有效地计算后向传递
    """

    if activation == "sigmoid":
        Z, linear_cache = linear_forward(A_prev, W, b)
        A, activation_cache = sigmoid(Z)
    elif activation == "relu":
        Z, linear_cache = linear_forward(A_prev, W, b)
        A, activation_cache = relu(Z)

    assert(A.shape == (W.shape[0],A_prev.shape[1]))
    cache = (linear_cache,activation_cache)

    return A,cache

测试函数为:

def linear_activation_forward_test_case(): #单层
    """
    X = np.array([[-1.02387576, 1.12397796],
 [-1.62328545, 0.64667545],
 [-1.74314104, -0.59664964]])
    W = np.array([[ 0.74505627, 1.97611078, -1.24412333]])
    b = 5
    """
    np.random.seed(2)
    A_prev = np.random.randn(3,2)
    W = np.random.randn(1,3)
    b = np.random.randn(1,1)
    return A_prev, W, b

测试:

#测试linear_activation_forward
print("==============测试linear_activation_forward==============")
A_prev, W,b = testCases.linear_activation_forward_test_case()

#使用sigmoid激活函数
A, linear_activation_cache = linear_activation_forward(A_prev, W, b, activation = "sigmoid")
print("sigmoid,A = " + str(A))
print(linear_activation_cache)

#使用relu激活函数
A, linear_activation_cache = linear_activation_forward(A_prev, W, b, activation = "relu")
print("ReLU,A = " + str(A))
print(linear_activation_cache)

返回:

==============测试linear_activation_forward==============
sigmoid,A = [[0.96890023 0.11013289]]
((array([[-0.41675785, -0.05626683],
       [-2.1361961 ,  1.64027081],
       [-1.79343559, -0.84174737]]), array([[ 0.50288142, -1.24528809, -1.05795222]]), array([[-0.90900761]])), array([[ 3.43896131, -2.08938436]]))
ReLU,A = [[3.43896131 0.        ]]
((array([[-0.41675785, -0.05626683],
       [-2.1361961 ,  1.64027081],
       [-1.79343559, -0.84174737]]), array([[ 0.50288142, -1.24528809, -1.05795222]]), array([[-0.90900761]])), array([[ 3.43896131, -2.08938436]]))

 

4.计算成本

def compute_cost(AL,Y):
    """
    实施等式(4)定义的成本函数。

    参数:
        AL - 与标签预测相对应的概率向量,维度为(1,示例数量)
        Y - 标签向量(例如:如果不是猫,则为0,如果是猫则为1),维度为(1,数量)

    返回:
        cost - 交叉熵成本
    """
    m = Y.shape[1]
    cost = -np.sum(np.multiply(np.log(AL),Y) + np.multiply(np.log(1 - AL), 1 - Y)) / m

    cost = np.squeeze(cost)
    assert(cost.shape == ())

    return cost

测试函数:

def compute_cost_test_case():
    Y = np.asarray([[1, 1, 1]])
    aL = np.array([[.8,.9,0.4]])
    
    return Y, aL

测试:

#测试compute_cost
print("==============测试compute_cost==============")
Y,AL = testCases.compute_cost_test_case()
print("cost = " + str(compute_cost(AL, Y)))

返回:

==============测试compute_cost==============
cost = 0.414931599615397

 

5.反向传播

其实是先通过线性激活部分后向传播得到dz,然后再将dz带入线性部分的后向传播得到dw,db,dA_prev

1)线性部分

 

根据这三个公式来构建后向传播函数

def linear_backward(dZ,cache):
    """
    为单层实现反向传播的线性部分(第L层)

    参数:
         dZ - 相对于(当前第l层的)线性输出的成本梯度
         cache - 来自当前层前向传播的值的元组(A_prev,W,b)

    返回:
         dA_prev - 相对于激活(前一层l-1)的成本梯度,与A_prev维度相同
         dW - 相对于W(当前层l)的成本梯度,与W的维度相同
         db - 相对于b(当前层l)的成本梯度,与b维度相同
    """
    A_prev, W, b = cache
    m = A_prev.shape[1]
    dW = np.dot(dZ, A_prev.T) / m
    db = np.sum(dZ, axis=1, keepdims=True) / m
    dA_prev = np.dot(W.T, dZ)

    assert (dA_prev.shape == A_prev.shape)
    assert (dW.shape == W.shape)
    assert (db.shape == b.shape)

    return dA_prev, dW, db

 

测试函数:

def linear_backward_test_case(): #随机生成前向传播结果用于测试后向
    """
    z, linear_cache = (np.array([[-0.8019545 ,  3.85763489]]), (np.array([[-1.02387576,  1.12397796],
       [-1.62328545,  0.64667545],
       [-1.74314104, -0.59664964]]), np.array([[ 0.74505627,  1.97611078, -1.24412333]]), np.array([[1]]))
    """
    np.random.seed(1)
    dZ = np.random.randn(1,2)
    A = np.random.randn(3,2)
    W = np.random.randn(1,3)
    b = np.random.randn(1,1)
    linear_cache = (A, W, b)
    return dZ, linear_cache

测试:

#测试linear_backward
print("==============测试linear_backward==============")
dZ, linear_cache = testCases.linear_backward_test_case()

dA_prev, dW, db = linear_backward(dZ, linear_cache)
print ("dA_prev = "+ str(dA_prev))
print ("dW = " + str(dW))
print ("db = " + str(db))

返回:

==============测试linear_backward==============
dA_prev = [[ 0.51822968 -0.19517421]
 [-0.40506361  0.15255393]
 [ 2.37496825 -0.89445391]]
dW = [[-0.10076895  1.40685096  1.64992505]]
db = [[0.50629448]]

 

2)线性激活部分

将线性部分也使用了进来

在dnn_utils.py中定义了两个现成可用的后向函数,用来帮助计算dz:

如果 g(.)是激活函数, 那么sigmoid_backward 和 relu_backward 这样计算:

  • sigmoid_backward:实现了sigmoid()函数的反向传播,用来计算dz为:
dZ = sigmoid_backward(dA, activation_cache)
  • relu_backward: 实现了relu()函数的反向传播,用来计算dz为:
dZ = relu_backward(dA, activation_cache)

 后向函数为:

def sigmoid_backward(dA, cache):
    """
    Implement the backward propagation for a single SIGMOID unit.

    Arguments:
    dA -- post-activation gradient, of any shape
    cache -- 'Z' where we store for computing backward propagation efficiently

    Returns:
    dZ -- Gradient of the cost with respect to Z
    """

    Z = cache

    s = 1/(1+np.exp(-Z))
    dZ = dA * s * (1-s)

    assert (dZ.shape == Z.shape)

    return dZ

def relu_backward(dA, cache):
    """
    Implement the backward propagation for a single RELU unit.

    Arguments:
    dA -- post-activation gradient, of any shape
    cache -- 'Z' where we store for computing backward propagation efficiently

    Returns:
    dZ -- Gradient of the cost with respect to Z
    """

    Z = cache
    dZ = np.array(dA, copy=True) # just converting dz to a correct object.

    # When z <= 0, you should set dz to 0 as well. 
    dZ[Z <= 0] = 0

    assert (dZ.shape == Z.shape)

    return dZ

 

代码为:

def linear_activation_backward(dA,cache,activation="relu"):
    """
    实现LINEAR-> ACTIVATION层的后向传播。

    参数:
         dA - 当前层l的激活后的梯度值
         cache - 我们存储的用于有效计算反向传播的值的元组(值为linear_cache,activation_cache)
         activation - 要在此层中使用的激活函数名,字符串类型,【"sigmoid" | "relu"】
    返回:
         dA_prev - 相对于激活(前一层l-1)的成本梯度值,与A_prev维度相同
         dW - 相对于W(当前层l)的成本梯度值,与W的维度相同
         db - 相对于b(当前层l)的成本梯度值,与b的维度相同
    """
    linear_cache, activation_cache = cache
    #其实是先通过线性激活部分后向传播得到dz,然后再将dz带入线性部分的后向传播得到dw,db,dA_prev
    if activation == "relu":
        dZ = relu_backward(dA, activation_cache)
        dA_prev, dW, db = linear_backward(dZ, linear_cache)
    elif activation == "sigmoid":
        dZ = sigmoid_backward(dA, activation_cache)
        dA_prev, dW, db = linear_backward(dZ, linear_cache)

    return dA_prev,dW,db

 

测试函数为:

def linear_activation_backward_test_case():
    """
    aL, linear_activation_cache = (np.array([[ 3.1980455 ,  7.85763489]]), ((np.array([[-1.02387576,  1.12397796], [-1.62328545,  0.64667545], [-1.74314104, -0.59664964]]), np.array([[ 0.74505627,  1.97611078, -1.24412333]]), 5), np.array([[ 3.1980455 ,  7.85763489]])))
    """
    np.random.seed(2)
    dA = np.random.randn(1,2) #后向传播的输入
    A = np.random.randn(3,2) #存于cache中用于后向传播计算的值
    W = np.random.randn(1,3)
    b = np.random.randn(1,1)
    Z = np.random.randn(1,2) 
    linear_cache = (A, W, b)
    activation_cache = Z
    linear_activation_cache = (linear_cache, activation_cache)
    
    return dA, linear_activation_cache

测试:

#测试linear_activation_backward
print("==============测试linear_activation_backward==============")
AL, linear_activation_cache = testCases.linear_activation_backward_test_case()

dA_prev, dW, db = linear_activation_backward(AL, linear_activation_cache, activation = "sigmoid")
print ("sigmoid:")
print ("dA_prev = "+ str(dA_prev))
print ("dW = " + str(dW))
print ("db = " + str(db) + "\n")

dA_prev, dW, db = linear_activation_backward(AL, linear_activation_cache, activation = "relu")
print ("relu:")
print ("dA_prev = "+ str(dA_prev))
print ("dW = " + str(dW))
print ("db = " + str(db))

返回:

==============测试linear_activation_backward==============
sigmoid:
dA_prev = [[ 0.11017994  0.01105339]
 [ 0.09466817  0.00949723]
 [-0.05743092 -0.00576154]]
dW = [[ 0.10266786  0.09778551 -0.01968084]]
db = [[-0.05729622]]

relu:
dA_prev = [[ 0.44090989 -0.        ]
 [ 0.37883606 -0.        ]
 [-0.2298228   0.        ]]
dW = [[ 0.44513824  0.37371418 -0.10478989]]
db = [[-0.20837892]]

 

6.更新参数

根据上面后向传播得到的dw,db,dA_prev来更新参数,其中 α 是学习率

函数:

def update_parameters(parameters, grads, learning_rate):
    """
    使用梯度下降更新参数

    参数:
     parameters - 包含你的参数的字典,即w和b
     grads - 包含梯度值的字典,是L_model_backward的输出

    返回:
     parameters - 包含更新参数的字典
                   参数[“W”+ str(l)] = ...
                   参数[“b”+ str(l)] = ...
    """
    L = len(parameters) // 2 #整除2,得到层数
    for l in range(L):
        parameters["W" + str(l + 1)] = parameters["W" + str(l + 1)] - learning_rate * grads["dW" + str(l + 1)]
        parameters["b" + str(l + 1)] = parameters["b" + str(l + 1)] - learning_rate * grads["db" + str(l + 1)]

    return parameters

测试函数:

def update_parameters_test_case():
    """
    parameters = {'W1': np.array([[ 1.78862847,  0.43650985,  0.09649747],
        [-1.8634927 , -0.2773882 , -0.35475898],
        [-0.08274148, -0.62700068, -0.04381817],
        [-0.47721803, -1.31386475,  0.88462238]]),
 'W2': np.array([[ 0.88131804,  1.70957306,  0.05003364, -0.40467741],
        [-0.54535995, -1.54647732,  0.98236743, -1.10106763],
        [-1.18504653, -0.2056499 ,  1.48614836,  0.23671627]]),
 'W3': np.array([[-1.02378514, -0.7129932 ,  0.62524497],
        [-0.16051336, -0.76883635, -0.23003072]]),
 'b1': np.array([[ 0.],
        [ 0.],
        [ 0.],
        [ 0.]]),
 'b2': np.array([[ 0.],
        [ 0.],
        [ 0.]]),
 'b3': np.array([[ 0.],
        [ 0.]])}
    grads = {'dW1': np.array([[ 0.63070583,  0.66482653,  0.18308507],
        [ 0.        ,  0.        ,  0.        ],
        [ 0.        ,  0.        ,  0.        ],
        [ 0.        ,  0.        ,  0.        ]]),
 'dW2': np.array([[ 1.62934255,  0.        ,  0.        ,  0.        ],
        [ 0.        ,  0.        ,  0.        ,  0.        ],
        [ 0.        ,  0.        ,  0.        ,  0.        ]]),
 'dW3': np.array([[-1.40260776,  0.        ,  0.        ]]),
 'da1': np.array([[ 0.70760786,  0.65063504],
        [ 0.17268975,  0.15878569],
        [ 0.03817582,  0.03510211]]),
 'da2': np.array([[ 0.39561478,  0.36376198],
        [ 0.7674101 ,  0.70562233],
        [ 0.0224596 ,  0.02065127],
        [-0.18165561, -0.16702967]]),
 'da3': np.array([[ 0.44888991,  0.41274769],
        [ 0.31261975,  0.28744927],
        [-0.27414557, -0.25207283]]),
 'db1': 0.75937676204411464,
 'db2': 0.86163759922811056,
 'db3': -0.84161956022334572}
    """
    np.random.seed(2)
    W1 = np.random.randn(3,4)
    b1 = np.random.randn(3,1)
    W2 = np.random.randn(1,3)
    b2 = np.random.randn(1,1)
    parameters = {"W1": W1,
                  "b1": b1,
                  "W2": W2,
                  "b2": b2}
    np.random.seed(3)
    dW1 = np.random.randn(3,4)
    db1 = np.random.randn(3,1)
    dW2 = np.random.randn(1,3)
    db2 = np.random.randn(1,1)
    grads = {"dW1": dW1,
             "db1": db1,
             "dW2": dW2,
             "db2": db2}
    
    return parameters, grads

测试:

#测试update_parameters
print("==============测试update_parameters==============")
parameters, grads = testCases.update_parameters_test_case()
parameters = update_parameters(parameters, grads, 0.1)

print ("W1 = "+ str(parameters["W1"]))
print ("b1 = "+ str(parameters["b1"]))
print ("W2 = "+ str(parameters["W2"]))
print ("b2 = "+ str(parameters["b2"]))

返回:

==============测试update_parameters==============
W1 = [[-0.59562069 -0.09991781 -2.14584584  1.82662008]
 [-1.76569676 -0.80627147  0.51115557 -1.18258802]
 [-1.0535704  -0.86128581  0.68284052  2.20374577]]
b1 = [[-0.04659241]
 [-1.28888275]
 [ 0.53405496]]
W2 = [[-0.55569196  0.0354055   1.32964895]]
b2 = [[-0.84610769]]

 

7.整合函数——训练

开始训练数据并得到最优参数

def two_layer_model(X,Y,layers_dims,learning_rate=0.0075,num_iterations=3000,print_cost=False,isPlot=True):
    """
    实现一个两层的神经网络,【LINEAR->RELU】 -> 【LINEAR->SIGMOID】
    参数:
        X - 输入的数据,维度为(n_x,例子数)
        Y - 标签,向量,0为非猫,1为猫,维度为(1,数量)
        layers_dims - 层数的向量,维度为(n_y,n_h,n_y)
        learning_rate - 学习率
        num_iterations - 迭代的次数
        print_cost - 是否打印成本值,每100次打印一次
        isPlot - 是否绘制出误差值的图谱
    返回:
        parameters - 一个包含W1,b1,W2,b2的字典变量
    """
    np.random.seed(1)
    grads = {}
    costs = []
    (n_x,n_h,n_y) = layers_dims

    """
    初始化参数
    """
    parameters = initialize_parameters(n_x, n_h, n_y)

    W1 = parameters["W1"]
    b1 = parameters["b1"]
    W2 = parameters["W2"]
    b2 = parameters["b2"]

    """
    开始进行迭代
    """
    for i in range(0,num_iterations):
        #前向传播
        A1, cache1 = linear_activation_forward(X, W1, b1, "relu")
        A2, cache2 = linear_activation_forward(A1, W2, b2, "sigmoid")

        #计算成本
        cost = compute_cost(A2,Y)

        #后向传播
        ##初始化后向传播
        dA2 = - (np.divide(Y, A2) - np.divide(1 - Y, 1 - A2))

        ##向后传播,输入:“dA2,cache2,cache1”。 输出:“dA1,dW2,db2;还有dA0(未使用),dW1,db1”。
        dA1, dW2, db2 = linear_activation_backward(dA2, cache2, "sigmoid")
        dA0, dW1, db1 = linear_activation_backward(dA1, cache1, "relu")

        ##向后传播完成后的数据保存到grads
        grads["dW1"] = dW1
        grads["db1"] = db1
        grads["dW2"] = dW2
        grads["db2"] = db2

        #更新参数
        parameters = update_parameters(parameters,grads,learning_rate)
        W1 = parameters["W1"]
        b1 = parameters["b1"]
        W2 = parameters["W2"]
        b2 = parameters["b2"]

        #打印成本值,如果print_cost=False则忽略
        if i % 100 == 0:
            #记录成本
            costs.append(cost)
            #是否打印成本值
            if print_cost:
                print("", i ,"次迭代,成本值为:" ,np.squeeze(cost))
    #迭代完成,根据条件绘制图
    if isPlot:
        plt.plot(np.squeeze(costs))
        plt.ylabel('cost')
        plt.xlabel('iterations (per tens)')
        plt.title("Learning rate =" + str(learning_rate))
        plt.show()

    #返回parameters
    return parameters

我们现在开始加载数据集,图像数据集的处理可以参照吴恩达课后作业学习1-week2-homework-logistic

train_set_x_orig , train_set_y , test_set_x_orig , test_set_y , classes = lr_utils.load_dataset()

train_x_flatten = train_set_x_orig.reshape(train_set_x_orig.shape[0], -1).T 
test_x_flatten = test_set_x_orig.reshape(test_set_x_orig.shape[0], -1).T

train_x = train_x_flatten / 255
train_y = train_set_y
test_x = test_x_flatten / 255
test_y = test_set_y

数据集加载完成,开始正式训练:

n_x = 12288
n_h = 7
n_y = 1
layers_dims = (n_x,n_h,n_y)

parameters = two_layer_model(train_x, train_set_y, layers_dims = (n_x, n_h, n_y), num_iterations = 2500, print_cost=True,isPlot=True)

返回:

0 次迭代,成本值为: 0.6930497356599891100 次迭代,成本值为: 0.6464320953428849200 次迭代,成本值为: 0.6325140647912678300 次迭代,成本值为: 0.6015024920354665400 次迭代,成本值为: 0.5601966311605748500 次迭代,成本值为: 0.515830477276473600 次迭代,成本值为: 0.47549013139433266700 次迭代,成本值为: 0.4339163151225749800 次迭代,成本值为: 0.40079775362038866900 次迭代,成本值为: 0.35807050113237981000 次迭代,成本值为: 0.339428153836641271100 次迭代,成本值为: 0.305275363619626541200 次迭代,成本值为: 0.27491377282130161300 次迭代,成本值为: 0.24681768210614851400 次迭代,成本值为: 0.198507350374660941500 次迭代,成本值为: 0.174483181125566521600 次迭代,成本值为: 0.170807629780962451700 次迭代,成本值为: 0.113065245621647281800 次迭代,成本值为: 0.096294268459371521900 次迭代,成本值为: 0.083426179597268632000 次迭代,成本值为: 0.074390787043190812100 次迭代,成本值为: 0.066307481322679342200 次迭代,成本值为: 0.059193295010381732300 次迭代,成本值为: 0.053361403485605572400 次迭代,成本值为: 0.048554785628770185

图示:

 

8.预测

def predict(X, y, parameters):
    """
    该函数用于预测L层神经网络的结果,当然也包含两层

    参数:
     X - 测试集
     y - 标签
     parameters - 训练模型得到的最优参数

    返回:
     p - 给定数据集X的预测
    """

    m = X.shape[1]
    n = len(parameters) // 2 # 神经网络的层数
    p = np.zeros((1,m))

    #根据参数前向传播
    probas, caches = L_model_forward(X, parameters)

    for i in range(0, probas.shape[1]):
        if probas[0,i] > 0.5:
            p[0,i] = 1
        else:
            p[0,i] = 0

    print("准确度为: "  + str(float(np.sum((p == y))/m)))

    return p

预测函数构建好了我们就开始预测,查看训练集和测试集的准确性:

predictions_train = predict(train_x, train_y, parameters) #训练集
predictions_test = predict(test_x, test_y, parameters) #测试集

返回:

准确度为: 1.0
准确度为: 0.72

可见两层的训练效果比单层的logistic回归的效果要好一些

 

posted @ 2019-04-01 16:55  慢行厚积  阅读(520)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报