1月12日学习内容整理:爬虫性能相关

@@@老师博客:::

http://www.cnblogs.com/linhaifeng/articles/7806303.html

 

@@@老师博客内容:::

上述无论哪种解决方案其实没有解决一个性能相关的问题:IO阻塞,无论是多进程还是多线程,在遇到IO阻塞时都会被操作系统强行剥夺走CPU的执行权限,程序的执行效率因此就降低了下来。

    解决这一问题的关键在于,我们自己从应用程序级别检测IO阻塞然后切换到我们自己程序的其他任务执行,这样把我们程序的IO降到最低,我们的程序处于就绪态就会增多,以此来迷惑操作系统,操作系统便以为我们的程序是IO比较少的程序,从而会尽可能多的分配CPU给我们,这样也就达到了提升程序执行效率的目的

    1、在python3.3之后新增了asyncio模块,可以帮我们检测IO(只能是网络IO),实现应用程序级别的切换

import asyncio

@asyncio.coroutine
def task(task_id,senconds):
    print('%s is start' %task_id)
    yield from asyncio.sleep(senconds) #只能检测网络IO,检测到IO后切换到其他任务执行
    print('%s is end' %task_id)

tasks=[task(task_id=1,senconds=3),task(task_id=2,senconds=4)]

loop=asyncio.get_event_loop()
loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.gather(*tasks))
loop.close()

基本使用

2、但asyncio模块只能发tcp级别的请求,不能发http协议,因此,在我们需要发送http请求的时候,需要我们自定义http报头

#我们爬取一个网页的过程,以https://www.python.org/doc/为例,将关键步骤列举如下
#步骤一:向www.python.org这台主机发送tcp三次握手,是IO阻塞操作
#步骤二:封装http协议的报头
#步骤三:发送http协议的请求包,是IO阻塞操作
#步骤四:接收http协议的响应包,是IO阻塞操作
import asyncio

@asyncio.coroutine
def get_page(host,port=80,url='/'):
    #步骤一(IO阻塞):发起tcp链接,是阻塞操作,因此需要yield from
    recv,send=yield from asyncio.open_connection(host,port)

    #步骤二:封装http协议的报头,因为asyncio模块只能封装并发送tcp包,因此这一步需要我们自己封装http协议的包
    requset_headers="""GET %s HTTP/1.0\r\nHost: %s\r\n\r\n""" % (url, host,)
    # requset_headers="""POST %s HTTP/1.0\r\nHost: %s\r\n\r\nname=egon&password=123""" % (url, host,)
    requset_headers=requset_headers.encode('utf-8')

    #步骤三(IO阻塞):发送http请求包
    send.write(requset_headers)
    yield from send.drain()

    #步骤四(IO阻塞):接收http协议的响应包
    text=yield from recv.read()

    #其他处理
    print(host,url,text)
    send.close()
    print('-===>')
    return 1

tasks=[get_page(host='www.python.org',url='/doc'),get_page(host='www.cnblogs.com',url='linhaifeng'),get_page(host='www.openstack.org')]

loop=asyncio.get_event_loop()
results=loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.gather(*tasks))
loop.close()

print('=====>',results) #[1, 1, 1]

asyncio+自定义http协议报头

3、自定义http报头多少有点麻烦,于是有了aiohttp模块,专门帮我们封装http报头,然后我们还需要用asyncio检测IO实现切换

import aiohttp
import asyncio

@asyncio.coroutine
def get_page(url):
    print('GET:%s' %url)
    response=yield from aiohttp.request('GET',url)

    data=yield from response.read()

    print(url,data)
    response.close()
    return 1

tasks=[
    get_page('https://www.python.org/doc'),
    get_page('https://www.cnblogs.com/linhaifeng'),
    get_page('https://www.openstack.org')
]

loop=asyncio.get_event_loop()
results=loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.gather(*tasks))
loop.close()

print('=====>',results) #[1, 1, 1]

asyncio+aiohttp

4、此外,还可以将requests.get函数传给asyncio,就能够被检测了

import requests
import asyncio

@asyncio.coroutine
def get_page(func,*args):
    print('GET:%s' %args[0])
    loog=asyncio.get_event_loop()
    furture=loop.run_in_executor(None,func,*args)
    response=yield from furture

    print(response.url,len(response.text))
    return 1

tasks=[
    get_page(requests.get,'https://www.python.org/doc'),
    get_page(requests.get,'https://www.cnblogs.com/linhaifeng'),
    get_page(requests.get,'https://www.openstack.org')
]

loop=asyncio.get_event_loop()
results=loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.gather(*tasks))
loop.close()

print('=====>',results) #[1, 1, 1]

asyncio+requests模块的方法

5、还有之前在协程时介绍的gevent模块

from gevent import monkey;monkey.patch_all()
import gevent
import requests

def get_page(url):
    print('GET:%s' %url)
    response=requests.get(url)
    print(url,len(response.text))
    return 1

# g1=gevent.spawn(get_page,'https://www.python.org/doc')
# g2=gevent.spawn(get_page,'https://www.cnblogs.com/linhaifeng')
# g3=gevent.spawn(get_page,'https://www.openstack.org')
# gevent.joinall([g1,g2,g3,])
# print(g1.value,g2.value,g3.value) #拿到返回值


#协程池
from gevent.pool import Pool
pool=Pool(2)
g1=pool.spawn(get_page,'https://www.python.org/doc')
g2=pool.spawn(get_page,'https://www.cnblogs.com/linhaifeng')
g3=pool.spawn(get_page,'https://www.openstack.org')
gevent.joinall([g1,g2,g3,])
print(g1.value,g2.value,g3.value) #拿到返回值

gevent+requests

6、封装了gevent+requests模块的grequests模块

#pip3 install grequests

import grequests

request_list=[
    grequests.get('https://wwww.xxxx.org/doc1'),
    grequests.get('https://www.cnblogs.com/linhaifeng'),
    grequests.get('https://www.openstack.org')
]


##### 执行并获取响应列表 #####
# response_list = grequests.map(request_list)
# print(response_list)

##### 执行并获取响应列表(处理异常) #####
def exception_handler(request, exception):
    # print(request,exception)
    print("%s Request failed" %request.url)

response_list = grequests.map(request_list, exception_handler=exception_handler)
print(response_list)

grequests

7、twisted:是一个网络框架,其中一个功能是发送异步请求,检测IO并自动切换

'''
#问题一:error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 is required. Get it with "Microsoft Visual C++ Build Tools": http://landinghub.visualstudio.com/visual-cpp-build-tools
https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#twisted
pip3 install C:\Users\Administrator\Downloads\Twisted-17.9.0-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl
pip3 install twisted

#问题二:ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'win32api'
https://sourceforge.net/projects/pywin32/files/pywin32/

#问题三:openssl
pip3 install pyopenssl
'''

#twisted基本用法
from twisted.web.client import getPage,defer
from twisted.internet import reactor

def all_done(arg):
    # print(arg)
    reactor.stop()

def callback(res):
    print(res)
    return 1

defer_list=[]
urls=[
    'http://www.baidu.com',
    'http://www.bing.com',
    'https://www.python.org',
]
for url in urls:
    obj=getPage(url.encode('utf=-8'),)
    obj.addCallback(callback)
    defer_list.append(obj)

defer.DeferredList(defer_list).addBoth(all_done)

reactor.run()




#twisted的getPage的详细用法
from twisted.internet import reactor
from twisted.web.client import getPage
import urllib.parse


def one_done(arg):
    print(arg)
    reactor.stop()

post_data = urllib.parse.urlencode({'check_data': 'adf'})
post_data = bytes(post_data, encoding='utf8')
headers = {b'Content-Type': b'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}
response = getPage(bytes('http://dig.chouti.com/login', encoding='utf8'),
                   method=bytes('POST', encoding='utf8'),
                   postdata=post_data,
                   cookies={},
                   headers=headers)
response.addBoth(one_done)

reactor.run()

twisted的用法

  8、tornado

from tornado.httpclient import AsyncHTTPClient
from tornado.httpclient import HTTPRequest
from tornado import ioloop


def handle_response(response):
    """
    处理返回值内容(需要维护计数器,来停止IO循环),调用 ioloop.IOLoop.current().stop()
    :param response: 
    :return: 
    """
    if response.error:
        print("Error:", response.error)
    else:
        print(response.body)


def func():
    url_list = [
        'http://www.baidu.com',
        'http://www.bing.com',
    ]
    for url in url_list:
        print(url)
        http_client = AsyncHTTPClient()
        http_client.fetch(HTTPRequest(url), handle_response)


ioloop.IOLoop.current().add_callback(func)
ioloop.IOLoop.current().start()

Tornado

 

posted @ 2018-01-12 16:56  九二零  阅读(82)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报