Android异步加载图像(含线程池,缓存方法)
研究了android从网络上异步加载图像:
(1)由于android UI更新支持单一线程原则,所以从网络上取数据并更新到界面上,为了不阻塞主线程首先可能会想到以下方法。
在主线程中new 一个Handler对象,加载图像方法如下所示
- private void loadImage(final String url, final int id) {
- handler.post(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- Drawable drawable = null;
- try {
- drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");
- } catch (IOException e) {
- }
- ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);
- }
- });
- }
上面这个方法缺点很显然,经测试,如果要加载多个图片,这并不能实现异步加载,而是等到所有的图片都加载完才一起显示,因为它们都运行在一个线程中。
然后,我们可以简单改进下,将Handler+Runnable模式改为Handler+Thread+Message模式不就能实现同时开启多个线程吗?
(2)在主线程中new 一个Handler对象,代码如下:
- final Handler handler2=new Handler(){
- @Override
- public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
- ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(msg.arg1)).setImageDrawable((Drawable)msg.obj);
- }
- };
对应加载图像代码如下:对应加载图像代码如下:对应加载图像代码如下:
- // 引入线程池来管理多线程
- private void loadImage3(final String url, final int id) {
- executorService.submit(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- try {
- final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");
- handler.post(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);
- }
- });
- } catch (Exception e) {
- throw new RuntimeException(e);
- }
- }
- });
- }
(4)为了更方便使用我们可以将异步加载图像方法封装一个类,对外界只暴露一个方法即可,考虑到效率问题我们可以引入内存缓存机制,做法是
建立一个HashMap,其键(key)为加载图像url,其值(value)是图像对象Drawable。先看一下我们封装的类
- public class AsyncImageLoader3 {
- //为了加快速度,在内存中开启缓存(主要应用于重复图片较多时,或者同一个图片要多次被访问,比如在ListView时来回滚动)
- public Map<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>();
- private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5); //固定五个线程来执行任务
- private final Handler handler=new Handler();
- /**
- *
- * @param imageUrl 图像url地址
- * @param callback 回调接口
- * @return 返回内存中缓存的图像,第一次加载返回null
- */
- public Drawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl, final ImageCallback callback) {
- //如果缓存过就从缓存中取出数据
- if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) {
- SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(imageUrl);
- if (softReference.get() != null) {
- return softReference.get();
- }
- }
- //缓存中没有图像,则从网络上取出数据,并将取出的数据缓存到内存中
- executorService.submit(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- try {
- final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "image.png");
- imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));
- handler.post(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- callback.imageLoaded(drawable);
- }
- });
- } catch (Exception e) {
- throw new RuntimeException(e);
- }
- }
- });
- return null;
- }
- //从网络上取数据方法
- protected Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String imageUrl) {
- try {
- return Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "image.png");
- } catch (Exception e) {
- throw new RuntimeException(e);
- }
- }
- //对外界开放的回调接口
- public interface ImageCallback {
- //注意 此方法是用来设置目标对象的图像资源
- public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable);
- }
- }
这样封装好后使用起来就方便多了。在主线程中首先要引入AsyncImageLoader3 对象,然后直接调用其loadDrawable方法即可,需要注意的是ImageCallback接口的imageLoaded方法是唯一可以把加载的图像设置到目标ImageView或其相关的组件上。
在主线程调用代码:
先实例化对象 private AsyncImageLoader3 asyncImageLoader3 = new AsyncImageLoader3();
调用异步加载方法:
- //引入线程池,并引入内存缓存功能,并对外部调用封装了接口,简化调用过程
- private void loadImage4(final String url, final int id) {
- //如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行
- Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader.ImageCallback() {
- //请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行
- public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) {
- ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);
- }
- });
- if(cacheImage!=null){
- ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);
- }
- }
5)同理,下面也给出采用Thread+Handler+MessageQueue+内存缓存代码,原则同(4),只是把线程池换成了Thread+Handler+MessageQueue模式而已。代码如下:5)同理,下面也给出采用Thread+Handler+MessageQueue+内存缓存代码,原则同(4),只是把线程池换成了Thread+Handler+MessageQueue模式而已。代码如下:
- public class AsyncImageLoader {
- //为了加快速度,加入了缓存(主要应用于重复图片较多时,或者同一个图片要多次被访问,比如在ListView时来回滚动)
- private Map<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>();
- /**
- *
- * @param imageUrl 图像url地址
- * @param callback 回调接口
- * @return 返回内存中缓存的图像,第一次加载返回null
- */
- public Drawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl, final ImageCallback callback) {
- //如果缓存过就从缓存中取出数据
- if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) {
- SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(imageUrl);
- if (softReference.get() != null) {
- return softReference.get();
- }
- }
- final Handler handler = new Handler() {
- @Override
- public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
- callback.imageLoaded((Drawable) msg.obj);
- }
- };
- new Thread() {
- public void run() {
- Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl);
- imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));
- handler.sendMessage(handler.obtainMessage(0, drawable));
- }
- }.start();
- /*
- 下面注释的这段代码是Handler的一种代替方法
- */
- // new AsyncTask() {
- // @Override
- // protected Drawable doInBackground(Object... objects) {
- // Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl);
- // imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));
- // return drawable;
- // }
- //
- // @Override
- // protected void onPostExecute(Object o) {
- // callback.imageLoaded((Drawable) o);
- // }
- // }.execute();
- return null;
- }
- protected Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String imageUrl) {
- try {
- return Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "src");
- } catch (Exception e) {
- throw new RuntimeException(e);
- }
- }
- //对外界开放的回调接口
- public interface ImageCallback {
- public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable);
- }
- }
至此,异步加载就介绍完了,下面给出的代码为测试用的完整代码:
- package com.bshark.supertelphone.activity;
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.os.Handler;
- import android.os.Message;
- import android.widget.ImageView;
- import com.bshark.supertelphone.R;
- import com.bshark.supertelphone.ui.adapter.util.AsyncImageLoader;
- import com.bshark.supertelphone.ui.adapter.util.AsyncImageLoader3;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.net.URL;
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- public class LazyLoadImageActivity extends Activity {
- final Handler handler=new Handler();
- final Handler handler2=new Handler(){
- @Override
- public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
- ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(msg.arg1)).setImageDrawable((Drawable)msg.obj);
- }
- };
- private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5); //固定五个线程来执行任务
- private AsyncImageLoader asyncImageLoader = new AsyncImageLoader();
- private AsyncImageLoader3 asyncImageLoader3 = new AsyncImageLoader3();
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- // loadImage("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);
- // loadImage("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);
- // loadImage("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);
- // loadImage("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);
- // loadImage("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);
- loadImage2("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);
- loadImage2("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);
- loadImage2("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);
- loadImage2("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);
- loadImage2("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);
- // loadImage3("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);
- // loadImage3("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);
- // loadImage3("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);
- // loadImage3("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);
- // loadImage3("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);
- // loadImage4("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);
- // loadImage4("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);
- // loadImage4("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);
- // loadImage4("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);
- // loadImage4("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);
- // loadImage5("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);
- // //为了测试缓存而模拟的网络延时
- // SystemClock.sleep(2000);
- // loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);
- // SystemClock.sleep(2000);
- // loadImage5("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);
- // SystemClock.sleep(2000);
- // loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);
- // SystemClock.sleep(2000);
- // loadImage5("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);
- // SystemClock.sleep(2000);
- // loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);
- }
- @Override
- protected void onDestroy() {
- executorService.shutdown();
- super.onDestroy();
- }
- //线程加载图像基本原理
- private void loadImage(final String url, final int id) {
- handler.post(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- Drawable drawable = null;
- try {
- drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");
- } catch (IOException e) {
- }
- ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);
- }
- });
- }
- //采用handler+Thread模式实现多线程异步加载
- private void loadImage2(final String url, final int id) {
- Thread thread = new Thread(){
- @Override
- public void run() {
- Drawable drawable = null;
- try {
- drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");
- } catch (IOException e) {
- }
- Message message= handler2.obtainMessage() ;
- message.arg1 = id;
- message.obj = drawable;
- handler2.sendMessage(message);
- }
- };
- thread.start();
- thread = null;
- }
- // 引入线程池来管理多线程
- private void loadImage3(final String url, final int id) {
- executorService.submit(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- try {
- final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");
- handler.post(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);
- }
- });
- } catch (Exception e) {
- throw new RuntimeException(e);
- }
- }
- });
- }
- //引入线程池,并引入内存缓存功能,并对外部调用封装了接口,简化调用过程
- private void loadImage4(final String url, final int id) {
- //如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行
- Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader.ImageCallback() {
- //请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行
- public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) {
- ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);
- }
- });
- if(cacheImage!=null){
- ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);
- }
- }
- //采用Handler+Thread+封装外部接口
- private void loadImage5(final String url, final int id) {
- //如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行
- Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader3.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader3.ImageCallback() {
- //请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行
- public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) {
- ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);
- }
- });
- if(cacheImage!=null){
- ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);
- }
- }
- }
xml文件大致如下:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:orientation="vertical"
- android:layout_height="fill_parent" >
- <ImageView android:id="@+id/image1" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>
- <ImageView android:id="@+id/image2" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>
- <ImageView android:id="@+id/image3" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>
- <ImageView android:id="@+id/image5" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>
- <ImageView android:id="@+id/image4" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>
- </LinearLayout>