docker-compose

docker-compose

docker-compose 是docker官方的单机编排工具,适用于多个容器配合工作的场景,Compose项目由Python编写。实际上调用了Docker服务提供的API来对容器进管理 。

时隔至今我再次使用docker-compose 时自v1.26 后官方已经使用go重写了docker-compose。

[INFO]

Compose 中有两个重要的概念︰

服务(service):一个应用的容器﹐实际上可以包括若干运行相同镜像的容器实例。
项目(project)∶由一组关联的应用容器组成的一个完整业务单元﹐在docker-compose.yml文件中定义。

Compose的默认管理对象是项目﹐通过子命令对项目中的一组容器进行便捷地生命周期管理。

安装docker-compose

方法一：通过仓库安装
pip install docker-compose
yum install docker-compose
方法二：二进制安装
方法三：在容器中运行
docker-compose version

我们来熟悉下docker-compose.yml 的基本格式

wordpress:
  images: wiki:latest
  name: wordpress
  restart: always
  ports: "80:80"
 
mysql:
  images: 1209233066/mysql:v8.1
  volumes: /var/lib/mysql/:/var/lib/mysql/
  restart: always
  env: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123
  name: mysql
  net: "container:wordpress"

接下来一步步构建自己的docker-compese.yml项目

  1. Version声明项目使用的版本，不声明也不会出现错误。建议省略

    		version: "3"

  2. name 指定project 名称。如果忽略则自动使用docker-compose.yml 所在的目录名作为项目名称

    		version: "3"
    		name: myapp

  3. services每一个需要启动的容器都是一个服务

    		version: "3"
    		name: myapp
    		services:
    		  python：
    		    image: python

  4. command命令会覆盖image中的CMD 命令，如果不声明默认使用image的CMD

    		version: "3"
    		name: myapp
    		services:
    		  web:
    		    image: python
    		    command: /bin/sh -c "python -m http.server"
    		    #command: ["python","-m","http.server"]

  5. ports 指定了端口的映射

    		version: "3"
    		name: myapp
    		services:
    		  web:
    		    image: python
    		    ports:
    		      - "500:8000"
    		    command: /bin/sh -c "python -m http.server"
    		    #command: ["python","-m","http.server"]

  6. working_dir

    		version: "3"
    		name: myapp
    		services:
    		  web:
    		    image: python
    		    ports:
    		      - "500:8000"
    		    # 覆盖image中的WORKDIR
    		    working_dir: /tmp
    		    command: /bin/sh -c "python -m http.server"

  7. build和 image指定容器使用那个镜像或dockerfile

    		version: "3"
    		name: myapp
    		services:
    		  web:
    		    build: .
    		    ports: ["500:80"]
    		    # 覆盖image中的WORKDIR
    		    working_dir: /tmp
    		    # 覆盖镜像中的CMD
    		    command: /bin/sh -c "python -m http.server 80"  
    		# Dockerfile
    		FROM python
    		WORKDIR /bin
    		CMD ["python","-m","http.server"]

  8. expose指定容器对外暴露的端口

    		version: "3"
    		name: myapp
    		services:
    		  web:
    		    build: .
    		    expose:
    		      - "80"
    		    ports: ["500:80"]
    		    # 覆盖image中的WORKDIR
    		    working_dir: /root
    		    # 覆盖镜像中的CMD
    		    command: /bin/sh -c "python -m http.server 80"
    		# Dockerfile
    		FROM python
    		WORKDIR /bin
    		CMD ["python","-m","http.server"]

  9. volumes 文件挂载

    [INFO]

    docker-compose down --volumes #移除挂载

    		version: "3"
    		name: myapp
    		services:
    		  web:
    		    build: .
    		    expose:
    		      - "8000"
    		    ports:
    		      - "500:8000"
    		    volumes:
    		      - "/tmp:/tmp"
    		    working_dir: "/tmp"
    		    command: /bin/sh -c "python -m http.server"

  10. network_mode host 、bridge、none、container:containername

    		version: "3"
    		name: myapp
    		services:
    		  web:
    		    image: python
    		    expose:
    		    - "8000"
    		    ports:
    		    - "500:8000"
    		    volumes:
    		    - "/tmp:/tmp"
    		    working_dir: "/tmp"
    		    command: /bin/sh -c "python -m http.server"
    		    network_mode: host

  11. extra_hosts域名映射

    		extra_hosts:
    		- "elasticsearch:10.4.7.10"

  12. restart 重启策略

    		version: "3"
    		name: myapp
    		services:
    		  web:
    		    image: python
    		    expose:
    		    - "8000"
    		    ports:
    		    - "500:8000"
    		    volumes:
    		    - "/tmp:/tmp"
    		    working_dir: "/tmp"
    		    command: /bin/sh -c "python -m http.server"
    		    network_mode: host
    		    restart: unless-stopped
    		    #restart: always

  13. pid 与宿主机的共享ipc名称空间

    		version: "3"
    		name: myapp
    		services:
    		  web:
    		    image: python
    		    expose:
    		    - "8000"
    		    ports:
    		    - "500:8000"
    		    volumes:
    		    - "/tmp:/tmp"
    		    working_dir: "/tmp"
    		    command: /bin/sh -c "python -m http.server"
    		    network_mode: host
    		    restart: unless-stopped
    		    #restart: always
    		    pid: host

  14. depends_on 不保证被依赖的服务正常，之后的版本中支持更多参数

    		    depends_on:
    		    - mongodb1
    		    - mongodb2
    		    - mongodb3

  15. links

  16. environment环境变量

    • 第一种：从文件中加载
    • 第二种：从系统变量中获取
    • 第三种：容器中设定变量
    • 第四种：在容器中指定envfile
    • 第五种：在使用docker-compose -e

    [INFO]

    1.28版本之前从当前目录中查找.env

    1.28 之后从project 的目录下寻找.env

    可以通过docker-compose --env-file ./config/.env.dev up 指定环境变量的文件

    第一种：从文件中加载

    		# 从文件中加载,enviriment优先级更高
    		cat .env
    		port=8000
    		host=500
    		#可以通过 `docker-compose config ` 验证变量的解析情况
    		version: "3"
    		services:
    		test:
    		  image: python
    		  command: ["sh","-c","python -m http.server --bind $host ${port}"]

    第二种：从系统变量中获取

    		  # 从系统变量中获取变量
    		  ]#  export port=9000
    		#可以通过 `docker-compose config ` 验证变量的解析情况
    		version: "3"
    		services:
    		  test:
    		  image: python
    		  command: ["python","-m","http.server","${port:-8000}"]

    第三种：environment容器中设定变量

    		#可以通过 `docker-compose config ` 验证变量的解析情况
    		# 容器中设定变量environment
    		version: "3"
    		services:
    		  test:
    		    image: python
    		    environment:
    		    - port=8888
    		    - host=0.0.0.0
    		    # environment 支持两种格式
    		    # environment:
    		    #   port: 8888
    		    #   host: 0.0.0.0
    		    # 需要使用$$ 并使用sh -c 
    		    command: ["sh","-c","python -m http.server --bind $$host $${port}"]

    第四种：在容器中指定envfile

    		cat ./file.env
    		port=8000
    		host=500
    		# 在容器中指定envfile
    		#可以通过 `docker-compose config ` 验证变量的解析情况
    		version: "3"
    		services:
    		  test:
    		  image: python
    		  env_file:
    		  - ./file.env
    		  command: ["sh","-c","python -m http.server --bind $$host $${port}"]

    第五种：在使用docker-compose -e

    		#在使用docker-compose -e 
    		docker-compose run -e host=127.0.0.1 -e port=8888 test
    		version: "3"
    		services:
    		  test:
    		  image: python
    		  env_file:
    		  - ./file.env
    		  command: ["sh","-c","python -m http.server --bind $$host $${port}"]

  17. profiles 给服务打上标签

    [INFO]

    当docker-compose up 时不启用带有profiles标签的服务
    docker-compose --profile profile的标签 up 才会启用
    如下例子

    docker-compose up 只会启动backend和db 容器，
    docker-compose --profile frontend --profile debug up 启动所有容器
    COMPOSE_PROFILES=frontend,debug docker-compose up 启动所有容器

    		version: "3"
    		services:
    		  frontend:
    		    image: frontend
    		      profiles: ["frontend"]
    		 
    		  phpmyadmin:
    		    image: phpmyadmin
    		    depends_on:
    		    - db
    		    profiles:
    		    - debug
    		 
    		  backend:
    		    image: backend
    		 
    		  db:
    		    image: mysql

  18. mem_limit/cpus 资源限制

    		version: "3"
    		services:
    		  frontend:
    		    image: frontend
    		    mem_limit: 2048m
    		    cpus: 2.0

  19. ulimits 设定

    		version: "3"
    		services:
    		  frontend:
    		    image: frontend
    		      profiles: ["frontend"]
    		    ulimits:
    		    nproc: 65535
    		      nofile:
    		        soft: 20000
    		        hard: 40000

  20. logging指定日志驱动和保存策略

    		version: "3"
    		name: myapp
    		services:
    		  mongodb:
    		    image: mongo:6.0.14
    		    # 指定日志文件大小和日志驱动
    		    # 日志保存在 /var/lib/docker/containers/<container-id>/*-json.log
    		    logging:
    		      driver: json-file
    		      options:
    		        max-size: "10m"
    		        max-file: "3"

    其他日志驱动供参考

    		    logging:
    		      driver: syslog
    		      options:
    		        syslog-address: "tcp://192.168.0.16:514"
    		        tag: "my-docker-container"
    		 
    		    logging:
    		      driver: "none"
    		 
    		    logging:
    		      driver: fluentd
    		      options:
    		        fluentd-address: "localhost:24224"
    		        tag: "my-docker.{{.ID}}"
    		 
    		    logging:
    		      options:
    		        tag: "{{.ImageName}}/{{.Name}}"

  21. networks自定义网卡

    docker-compose 定义网络

    		....
    		networks:
    		  envoy:
    		    driver: bridge
    		    ipam:
    		      config:
    		      - subnet: "192.168.3.0/24"
    		...
    		# 引用其他docker-compose.yaml 中的网络驱动
    		networks:
    		  envoy_demo_envoy:
    		    external: true

    docker-compose 服务引用网络

    		network_mode: "service:mainserver"
    		networks:
    		  envoy:
    		    ipv4_address: 192.168.3.100
    		    # 定义了该服务的dns名称，多个服务可以定义相同名称，达到DNS高可用的效果
    		    aliases:
    		    - envoy

    docker-compose 为容器/etc/hosts中添加dns解析

    		...
    		extra_hosts:
    		   dubbo-service-provider: 192.168.0.100
    		version: '3'
    		services:
    		  envoy:
    		    image: envoyproxy/envoy-alpine:v1.11.1
    		    volumes:
    		    - ./envoy.yaml:/etc/envoy/envoy.yaml
    		    network_mode: "service:mainserver"
    		    depends_on:
    		    - mainserver
    		 
    		  mainserver:
    		    image: ikubernetes/mini-http-server:v0.3
    		    networks:
    		      envoymesh:
    		        aliases:
    		        - webserver
    		        - httpserver
    		 
    		networks:
    		  envoymesh: {}

  22. x-define-*公共代码块的锚定,通过该方法提取公共代码块

    		version: "3"
    		 
    		x-define-log: &log
    		  logging:
    		    driver: json-file
    		    options:
    		      max-size: "256m"
    		      max-file: "3"
    		 
    		x-define-mongosvc: &mongosvc
    		  <<: *log
    		  extra_hosts:
    		  - "mongodb1:172.31.4.11"
    		  - "mongodb2:172.31.4.12"
    		  - "mongodb3:172.31.4.13"
    		  restart: always
    		  image: mongo:6.0.14
    		  command:
    		  - "/usr/bin/mongod"
    		  - "-f"
    		  - "/etc/mongod/mongod.conf"
    		  healthcheck:
    		    test: ["CMD", "sh", "/etc/mongod/healthcheck.sh"]
    		    interval: 30s
    		    timeout: 10s
    		    retries: 3
    		    start_period: 40s
    		    
    		networks:
    		  seagull:
    		    driver: bridge
    		    ipam:
    		      config:
    		      - subnet: 172.31.4.0/24
    		 
    		services:
    		  mongodb1:
    		    networks:
    		      seagull:
    		        ipv4_address: 172.31.4.11
    		        aliases:
    		        - mongodb
    		 
    		    hostname: mongodb1
    		    volumes:
    		    - "./config/mongo/mongod.conf:/etc/mongod/mongod.conf"
    		    - "./config/mongo/init/healthcheck.sh:/etc/mongod/healthcheck.sh"
    		    - "./config/mongo/keyfile:/data/mongodb/keyfile"
    		    - "./data/mongo/data/mongodb1:/data/mongodb/data"
    		    - "./data/mongo/log/mongodb1:/data/mongodb/log"
    		    <<: *mongosvc

附录

示例

version: "3"
services:
  envoy_proxy:
    image: envoyproxy/envoy:v1.21.4       
    volumes:
    - "./envoy.yaml:/etc/envoy/envoy.yaml"
    - "./certs:/etc/envoy/certs"
    ports:
    - "10000:10000"
    - "9000:9000"
    - "9901:9901"
    networks:
      radius:
        ipv4_address: 172.31.4.2
        aliases:
        - envoy_proxy
 
  radius_web:
    image: 1209233066/radius_web:v2.1
    entrypoint: sh -c "sleep 60 && python3 manage.py makemigrations && python3 manage.py migrate && python3 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000 --insecure"
    depends_on:
    - mysql-db
    - mysql-client
#    network_mode: service:envoy_proxy
    networks:
       radius:
         aliases:
         - radius_web
  radiusd:
    image: 1209233066/radiusd:3.0.13
    volumes:
    - ./config/default:/etc/raddb/sites-enabled/default
    - ./config/radiusd.conf:/etc/raddb/radiusd/radiusd.conf
    - ./config/sql:/etc/raddb/mods-available/sql
    - ./config/clients.conf:/etc/raddb/clients.conf
    ports:
    - "1812:1812/udp"
    - "1813:1813/udp"
    depends_on:
    - mysql-db
    - mysql-client
    networks:
      radius:
        ipv4_address: 172.31.4.3
        aliases:
        - radiusd
 
  mysql-client:
    image: mysql:5.7
    volumes:
    - ./sql:/opt/sql
    command: ["sh","/opt/sql/init.sh"]
    network_mode: "service:mysql-db"
    depends_on:
    - mysql-db
 
  mysql-db:
    image: mysql:5.7
    environment:
    - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123
    networks:
      radius:
        ipv4_address: 172.31.4.10
        aliases:
        - mysql-db
networks:
  radius:
    driver: bridge
    ipam:
      config:
      - subnet: 172.31.4.0/24

docker-compose 命令

docker-compose up
docker-compose up -d
docker-compose run web env
docker-compose up -d --scale web=5
docker-compose ps
docker-compose down
docker-compose stop
docker-compose --env-file ./config/.env.dev up 
docker-compose --profile debug up
docker-compose --profile frontend --profile debug up
 
#使用docker-compose config查看docker-compose.yml 中变量解析后的内容
docker-compose --env-file ./config/.env.dev config
docker-compose config -f test.yaml  docker-compose config -f test.yaml

https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/05-services/#aliases

https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/05-services/
样例 https://github.com/docker/awesome-compose

posted @   mingtian是吧  阅读(105)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报
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