blackbox

blackbox 是go 语言编写，通过http https icmp dns tcp 来探测端点并返回指标给promethues

第一步：安装blackbox

blackbox 默认配置blackbox.yml可以不做任何修改，具体监控项在prometheus.yml中。下载

1. 下载

   wget https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter/releases/download/v0.24.0/blackbox_exporter-0.24.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

   tar xf blackbox_exporter-0.24.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz 

2. 修改配置

   注释：prober 英文释义 探测器

   默认配置文件 cat blackbox.yml

   modules:
     http_2xx:
       prober: http
       http:
         preferred_ip_protocol: "ip4"
     http_post_2xx:
       prober: http
       http:
         method: POST
     tcp_connect:
       prober: tcp
     pop3s_banner:
       prober: tcp
       tcp:
         query_response:
         - expect: "^+OK"
         tls: true
         tls_config:
           insecure_skip_verify: false
     grpc:
       prober: grpc
       grpc:
         tls: true
         preferred_ip_protocol: "ip4"
     grpc_plain:
       prober: grpc
       grpc:
         tls: false
         service: "service1"
     ssh_banner:
       prober: tcp
       tcp:
         query_response:
         - expect: "^SSH-2.0-"
         - send: "SSH-2.0-blackbox-ssh-check"
     irc_banner:
       prober: tcp
       tcp:
         query_response:
         - send: "NICK prober"
         - send: "USER prober prober prober :prober"
         - expect: "PING :([^ ]+)"
           send: "PONG ${1}"
         - expect: "^:[^ ]+ 001"
     icmp:
       prober: icmp
     icmp_ttl5:
       prober: icmp
       timeout: 5s
       icmp:
         ttl: 5

3. 启动blackbox

   # 监听:9155
   ./blackbox_exporter

4. 功能验证,probe_success 1表示探测成功

   curl -s  http://10.4.7.251:9115/probe?module=http_2xx&target=www.baidu.com|grep -i "probe_success"

   probe_success 1

第二步: 在prometheus中添加监控

prometheus.yml事例中以http_2xx和 icmp 模块为例

  - job_name: 'blackbox-http'
    metrics_path: /probe
    params:
      module: [http_2xx]  # 指定模块
    static_configs:
      - targets:
        - http://prometheus.io    # Target to probe with http.
        - https://prometheus.io   # Target to probe with https.
        - http://example.com:8080 # Target to probe with http on port 8080.
        - https://www.baidu.com
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 10.4.7.50:9115
  - job_name: 'blackbox-icmp'
    metrics_path: /probe
    params:
      module: [icmp]  # 指定模块
    static_configs:
      - targets:
        - 8.8.8.8
        - 10.4.7.254
        - 10.4.7.11
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 10.4.7.50:9115

第三步: 在prometheus中查看监控项，probe_success=1 表示在线

主要指标	解释
probe_dns_lookup_time_seconds	dns解析耗时
probe_duration_seconds	探测耗时
probe_http_status_code	解析状态码	200
probe_success	探测是否成功