flask框架（八）—自定义命令flask-script、多app应用、wtforms表单验证、SQLAIchemy
自定义命令flask-script
用于实现类似于django中 python3 manage.py runserver ...类似的命令,用命令行启动项目
首先安装：pip3 install flask_script
使用 (注意我这里的文件名取shell-ma,文件名随便取)
from flask import Flask from flask_script import Manager app = Flask(__name__) manager=Manager(app) @app.route("/") def index(): return "ok" if __name__ == '__main__': manager.run()
注意：启动命令行在Terminal中输入(前提需要在正确的路径下) python shell-ma.py runserver 这样项目就启动了，我们可以访问'/'路径
自定制命令启动
from flask import Flask from flask_script import Manager app = Flask(__name__) manager=Manager(app) @manager.command 相当于位置传参 def custom(arg): """ 启动命令行 python shell-ma.py custom 123 """ print(arg) #arg打印的就是传入的123 @manager.option('-n', '--name', dest='name') 相当于关键字传参 @manager.option('-u', '--url', dest='url') def cmd(name, url): """ 自定义命令（-n也可以写成--name） 执行： python manage.py cmd -n lqz -u aa 执行： python manage.py cmd --name lqz --url bb """ print(name, url) if __name__ == '__main__': manager.run()
多app应用
from werkzeug.wsgi import DispatcherMiddleware from werkzeug.serving import run_simple from flask import Flask, current_app app1 = Flask('app01') app2 = Flask('app02') @app1.route('/index') def index(): return "app01" @app2.route('/index2') def index2(): return "app2" # http://www.oldboyedu.com/index # http://www.oldboyedu.com/sec/index2 dm = DispatcherMiddleware(app1, { '/sec': app2, }) if __name__ == "__main__": run_simple('localhost', 5000, dm)
注意：访问app01路径：127.0.0.1:5000/index
访问app02路径：127.0.0.1:5000/sec/index2
wtforms表单验证
安装: pip install wtforms
使用1:表单验证
from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect from wtforms import Form from wtforms.fields import simple from wtforms import validators from wtforms import widgets app = Flask(__name__) app.debug = True class LoginForm(Form): # 字段（内部包含正则表达式） name = simple.StringField( label='用户名', validators=[ validators.DataRequired(message='用户名不能为空.'), validators.Length(min=2, max=6, message='用户名长度必须大于%(min)d且小于%(max)d') ], widget=widgets.TextInput(), # 页面上显示的插件 render_kw={'class': 'form-control'} ) # 字段（内部包含正则表达式） pwd = simple.PasswordField( label='密码', validators=[ validators.DataRequired(message='密码不能为空.'), validators.Length(min=8, message='密码长度必须大于%(min)d'), # validators.Regexp(regex="^(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z])(?=.*\d)(?=.*[$@$!%*?&])[A-Za-z\d$@$!%*?&]{8,}", # message='密码至少8个字符，至少1个大写字母，1个小写字母，1个数字和1个特殊字符') ], widget=widgets.PasswordInput(), render_kw={'class': 'form-control'} ) @app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST']) def login(): if request.method == 'GET': form = LoginForm() return render_template('login.html', form=form) else: form = LoginForm(formdata=request.form) if form.validate(): print('用户提交数据通过格式验证，提交的值为：', form.data) else: print(form.errors) return render_template('login.html', form=form) if __name__ == '__main__': app.run()
login.py
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>登录</h1> <form method="post"> <p>{{form.name.label}} {{form.name}} {{form.name.errors[0] }}</p> <p>{{form.pwd.label}} {{form.pwd}} {{form.pwd.errors[0] }}</p> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form> </body> </html>
使用2：各种类型表单验证（包括单选，多选，下拉框等等）
from flask import Flask, render_template, request from wtforms import Form from wtforms.fields import core from wtforms.fields import html5 from wtforms.fields import simple from wtforms import validators from wtforms import widgets app = Flask(__name__, template_folder='templates') app.debug = True class RegisterForm(Form): def validate_pwd_confirm(self, field): """ 自定义pwd_confirm字段规则，例：与pwd字段是否一致 :param field: :return: """ # 最开始初始化时，self.data中已经有所有的值 print(field.data) if field.data !="sb": #raise validators.ValidationError("sb") # 继续后续验证 raise validators.StopValidation("SB") # 不再继续后续验证 # if field.data != self.data['pwd']: # raise validators.ValidationError("密码不一致") # 继续后续验证 #raise validators.StopValidation("密码不一致") # 不再继续后续验证 name = simple.StringField( label='用户名', validators=[ validators.DataRequired() ], widget=widgets.TextInput(), render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}, default='tank' ) pwd = simple.PasswordField( label='密码', validators=[ validators.DataRequired(message='密码不能为空.') ], widget=widgets.PasswordInput(), render_kw={'class': 'form-control'} ) pwd_confirm = simple.PasswordField( label='重复密码', validators=[ validate_pwd_confirm, validators.DataRequired(message='重复密码不能为空.'), #validators.EqualTo('pwd', message="两次密码输入不一致") ], widget=widgets.PasswordInput(), render_kw={'class': 'form-control'} ) email = html5.EmailField( label='邮箱', validators=[ validators.DataRequired(message='邮箱不能为空.'), validators.Email(message='邮箱格式错误') ], widget=widgets.TextInput(input_type='email'), render_kw={'class': 'form-control'} ) gender = core.RadioField( label='性别', choices=( (1, '男'), (2, '女'), ), coerce=int # “1” “2” ) city = core.SelectField( label='城市', choices=( ('bj', '北京'), ('sh', '上海'), ) ) hobby = core.SelectMultipleField( label='爱好', choices=( (1, '篮球'), (2, '足球'), ), coerce=int ) favor = core.SelectMultipleField( label='喜好', choices=( (1, '篮球'), (2, '足球'), ), widget=widgets.ListWidget(prefix_label=False), option_widget=widgets.CheckboxInput(), coerce=int, default=[1, 2] ) def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(RegisterForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) self.favor.choices = ((1, '篮球'), (2, '足球'), (3, '羽毛球')) self.favor.data=[1,] @app.route('/register', methods=['GET', 'POST']) def register(): if request.method == 'GET': form = RegisterForm(data={'gender': 2,'hobby':[1,]}) # initial return render_template('register.html', form=form) else: form = RegisterForm(formdata=request.form) if form.validate(): print('用户提交数据通过格式验证，提交的值为：', form.data) else: print(form.errors) return render_template('register.html', form=form) if __name__ == '__main__': app.run()
register.py
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>用户注册</h1> <form method="post" novalidate style="padding:0 50px"> {% for field in form %} <p>{{field.label}}: {{field}} {{field.errors[0] }}</p> {% endfor %} <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form> </body> </html>
SQLAIchemy
https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaoyuanqujing/articles/11715497.html
scoped_session
一对多
多对多
Flask_SQLAIchemy
