flask框架(三)——路由系统route转换成add_url_rule及源码分析
这节我们不用@app.route来写路由,而是通过add_url_rule
传统写法 (<int:nid>传递int类型参数,endpoint是取别名)
@app.route('/detail/<int:nid>',methods=['GET'],endpoint='detail')
默认转换器
DEFAULT_CONVERTERS = { 'default': UnicodeConverter, 'string': UnicodeConverter, 'any': AnyConverter, 'path': PathConverter, 'int': IntegerConverter, 'float': FloatConverter, 'uuid': UUIDConverter, }
路由系统本质(源码分析)
从@app.route的route入手
源码app.py (从下面的源码可以看出route本质就是add_url_rule.这里的self就是实例化对象,也就是之前的app)
def route(self, rule, **options): def decorator(f): endpoint = options.pop("endpoint", None) self.add_url_rule(rule, endpoint, f, **options) return f return decorator
然后跳转到add_url_rule中
@setupmethod def add_url_rule( self, rule, #视图函数路由 endpoint=None, #取别名(非必填) view_func=None, #这个就是上一个跳转过来的f,就是视图函数名(必填) provide_automatic_options=None, **options ): if endpoint is None: #如果endpoint(别名)没填,就进入_endpoint_from_view_func看看 endpoint = _endpoint_from_view_func(view_func) options["endpoint"] = endpoint methods = options.pop("methods", None)
if methods is None: methods = getattr(view_func, "methods", None) or ("GET",) if isinstance(methods, string_types): raise TypeError( "Allowed methods have to be iterables of strings, " 'for example: @app.route(..., methods=["POST"])' ) methods = set(item.upper() for item in methods) # Methods that should always be added required_methods = set(getattr(view_func, "required_methods", ())) if provide_automatic_options is None: provide_automatic_options = getattr( view_func, "provide_automatic_options", None ) if provide_automatic_options is None: if "OPTIONS" not in methods: provide_automatic_options = True required_methods.add("OPTIONS") else: provide_automatic_options = False # Add the required methods now. methods |= required_methods rule = self.url_rule_class(rule, methods=methods, **options) rule.provide_automatic_options = provide_automatic_options self.url_map.add(rule) if view_func is not None: old_func = self.view_functions.get(endpoint) if old_func is not None and old_func != view_func: raise AssertionError( "View function mapping is overwriting an " "existing endpoint function: %s" % endpoint ) self.view_functions[endpoint] = view_func
进入_endpoint_from_view_func看看是怎么取别名的 ()
assert view_func is not None, "expected view func if endpoint is not provided." return view_func.__name__
第一句话是永远不是执行的,看第二句,取名就是视图函数名,这里就是login
取别名使用方法(url_for): 访问login路径,返回123
from flask import Flask,url_for app=Flask(__name__) app.debug=True
def index():
return '123'
app.add_url_rule('/index',view_func=index,endpoint='sb',methods=['POST',"GET"])
def login():
real_url=url_for("sb")
return real_url
app.add_url_rule('/login',view_func=index,methods=['POST',"GET"])
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
add_url_rule参数总结:
rule:必填参数,就是跳转路由
endpoint:非必填参数,如果不填就是视图函数名。如果设置了endpoint,就在视图函数中通过url_for使用,不能设置重复,用于反向生成URL,即: url_for('名称')
view_func:也就是请求该路由时,相应的视图函数名称
methods:设置请求方式,默认是get请求,如:['GET','POST']
add_url_rule额外参数:
defaults = None, 默认值, 当URL中无参数,函数需要参数时,使用defaults = {'k': 'v'} #对URL最后的 / 符号是否严格要求,False是非严格模式,True严格模式,默认是严格模式 strict_slashes = None ''' @app.route('/index', strict_slashes=False) #访问http://www.xx.com/index/ 或http://www.xx.com/index均可 @app.route('/index', strict_slashes=True) #仅访问http://www.xx.com/index ''' #重定向到指定地址 redirect_to = None, ''' @app.route('/index/<int:nid>', redirect_to='/home/<nid>') '''
总结代码示例:
from flask import Flask,url_for app=Flask(__name__) app.debug=True def login(nid): print(type(nid),nid) return "ojbk_login" app.add_url_rule('/login/<string:nid>',view_func=login,endpoint="sb",methods=['POST',"GET"]) if __name__ == '__main__': app.run()
也可以设置有名参数:添加数据类型的有名参数,通过视图函数传递参数