DRF框架(八)——drf-jwt手动签发与校验、搜索过滤组件、排序过滤组件、基础分页组件
自定义drf-jwt手动签发和校验
签发token源码入口
前提:给一个局部禁用了所有 认证与权限 的视图类发送用户信息得到token,其实就是登录接口,不然进不了登录页面
获取提交的username和password 1)rest_framework_jwt.views.ObtainJSONWebToken 的 父类 JSONWebTokenAPIView 的 post 方法 接受有username、password的post请求
校验数据,并且签发token 2)post方法将请求数据交给 rest_framework_jwt.serializer.JSONWebTokenSerializer 处理 完成数据的校验,会走序列化类的 全局钩子校验规则,校验得到登录用户并签发token存储在序列化对象中
核心源码:rest_framework_jwt.serializer.JSONWebTokenSerializer的validate(self,attrs)方法
def validate(self, attrs): # 账号密码字典 credentials = { self.username_field: attrs.get(self.username_field), 'password': attrs.get('password') } if all(credentials.values()): # 签发token第1步:用账号密码得到user对象 user = authenticate(**credentials) if user: if not user.is_active: msg = _('User account is disabled.') raise serializers.ValidationError(msg) # 签发token第2步:通过user得到payload,payload包含着用户信息与过期时间 payload = jwt_payload_handler(user) # 在视图类中,可以通过 序列化对象.object.get('user'或者'token') 拿到user和token return { # 签发token第3步:通过payload签发出token 'token': jwt_encode_handler(payload), 'user': user } else: msg = _('Unable to log in with provided credentials.') raise serializers.ValidationError(msg) else: msg = _('Must include "{username_field}" and "password".') msg = msg.format(username_field=self.username_field) raise serializers.ValidationError(msg)
手动签发token逻辑 (主要就是jwt_payload_handler和jwt_encode_handler这两个方法,在源码settings中生成token)
1)通过username、password得到user对象 2)通过user对象生成payload:jwt_payload_handler(user) => payload from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_payload_handler 3)通过payload签发token:jwt_encode_handler(payload) => token from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_encode_handler
签发token总结
jwt_payload_handler方法传入登录对象,返回payload(包含用户信息,过期时间) jwt_encode_handler方法传入payload,返回一个加密的token 流程:获取登录用户对象user--->jwt_payload_handler(user)生成payload(包含用户信息和过期时间)--->jwt_encode_handler(payload)生成一个加密的token
校验token源码入口
前提:访问一个配置了jwt认证规则的视图类,就需要提交认证字符串token,在认证类中完成token的校验 1)rest_framework_jwt.authentication.JSONWebTokenAuthentication 的 父类 BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication 的 authenticate 方法 请求头拿认证信息jwt-token => 通过反爬小规则确定有用的token => payload => user
核心源码: rest_framework_jwt.authentication.BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication的authenticate(self,request)方法
def authenticate(self, request): """ Returns a two-tuple of `User` and token if a valid signature has been supplied using JWT-based authentication. Otherwise returns `None`. """ # 带有反爬小规则的获取token:前台必须按 "jwt token字符串" 方式提交 # 校验user第1步:从请求头 HTTP_AUTHORIZATION 中拿token,并提取 jwt_value = self.get_jwt_value(request) # 游客 if jwt_value is None: return None # 校验 try: # 校验user第2步:token => payload payload = jwt_decode_handler(jwt_value) except jwt.ExpiredSignature: msg = _('Signature has expired.') raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed(msg) except jwt.DecodeError: msg = _('Error decoding signature.') raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed(msg) except jwt.InvalidTokenError: raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed() # 校验user第3步:payload => user user = self.authenticate_credentials(payload) return (user, jwt_value)
手动校验token逻辑
1)从请求头中获取token 2)根据token解析出payload:jwt_decode_handler(token) => payloay from rest_framework_jwt.authentication import jwt_decode_handler 3)根据payload解析出user:self.authenticate_credentials(payload) => user 继承drf-jwt的BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication,拿到父级的authenticate_credentials方法
校验token总结
从请求头中获取token--->jwt_decode_handler(token)获取到payloay--->self.authenticate_credentials(payload)获取到user
案例:实现多方式登录签发token
models.py
from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser class User(AbstractUser): mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, unique=True) class Meta: db_table = 'api_user' verbose_name = '用户表' verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.username
serializers.py 生成token
#生成token的两个函数 user=>payload=>token from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_payload_handler from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_encode_handler from rest_framework import serializers from . import models import re # 1) 前台提交多种登录信息都采用一个key,所以后台可以自定义反序列化字段进行对应 # 2) 序列化类要处理序列化与反序列化,要在fields中设置model绑定的Model类所有使用到的字段 # 3) 区分序列化字段与反序列化字段 read_only | write_only # 4) 在自定义校验规则中(局部钩子、全局钩子)校验数据是否合法、确定登录的用户、根据用户签发token # 5) 将登录的用户与签发的token保存在序列化类对象中 #前台有两个输入框:一个账号框(可以填用户名、手机号、邮箱)usr,一个密码框 pwd class UserModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): # 自定义反序列字段:一定要设置write_only,只参与反序列化,不会与model类字段映射 usr = serializers.CharField(write_only=True) pwd = serializers.CharField(write_only=True) class Meta: model=models.User fields = ['usr', 'pwd', 'username', 'mobile', 'email'] # 系统校验规则和前面write_only设计方式一样 extra_kwargs = { 'username': { 'read_only': True }, 'mobile': { 'read_only': True }, 'email': { 'read_only': True }, } #全局钩子,校验数据 def validate(self, attrs): usr = attrs.get('usr') pwd = attrs.get('pwd') # 多方式登录:各分支处理得到该方式下对应的用户 if re.match(r'.+@.+', usr): #判断是否是邮箱登录 user_query = models.User.objects.filter(email=usr) elif re.match(r'1[3-9][0-9]{9}', usr): #判断是否是手机号登录 user_query = models.User.objects.filter(mobile=usr) else: #用户名登录 user_query = models.User.objects.filter(username=usr) user_obj = user_query.first() # 签发token:得到登录用户,签发token并存储在实例化对象中 if user_obj and user_obj.check_password(pwd): # 签发token,将token存放到 实例化类对象的token 名字中 pyload = jwt_payload_handler(user_obj) token = jwt_encode_handler(pyload) # 将当前用户与签发的token都保存在序列化对象中 self.user = user_obj self.token = token return attrs raise serializers.ValidationError({'data': '数据有误'})
结果只显示fields中的read_only字段
视图层:views.py
#实现多方式登陆签发token:账号、手机号、邮箱等登陆 # 1) 禁用认证与权限组件 # 2) 拿到前台登录信息,交给序列化类 # 3) 序列化类校验得到登录用户与token存放在序列化对象中 # 4) 取出登录用户与token返回给前台 import re from . import serializers, models from utils.response import APIResponse from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_payload_handler from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_encode_handler class LoginAPIView(APIView): # 1) 禁用认证与权限组件 authentication_classes = [] permission_classes = [] def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # 2) 拿到前台登录信息,交给序列化类,规则:账号用usr传,密码用pwd传 user_ser = serializers.UserModelSerializer(data=request.data) # 3) 序列化类校验得到登录用户与token存放在序列化对象中 user_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True) # 4) 取出登录用户与token返回给前台 return APIResponse(token=user_ser.token, results=serializers.UserModelSerializer(user_ser.user).data)
# "一根筋" 思考方式:所有逻辑都在视图类中处理 def my_post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): usr = request.data.get('usr') pwd = request.data.get('pwd') if re.match(r'.+@.+', usr): user_query = models.User.objects.filter(email=usr) elif re.match(r'1[3-9][0-9]{9}', usr): user_query = models.User.objects.filter(mobile=usr) else: user_query = models.User.objects.filter(username=usr) user_obj = user_query.first() if user_obj and user_obj.check_password(pwd): payload = jwt_payload_handler(user_obj) token = jwt_encode_handler(payload) return APIResponse(results={'username': user_obj.username}, token=token) return APIResponse(data_msg='不可控错误')
使用Postman,post请求,json格式传参 usr和pwd,返回用户信息和token值
案例:自定义认证反爬规则校验token
authentications.py
import jwt from rest_framework_jwt.authentication import BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication from rest_framework_jwt.authentication import jwt_decode_handler from rest_framework.exceptions import AuthenticationFailed class JWTAuthentication(BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication): def authenticate(self, request): #从前端取出token值,放在HTTP_AUTHORIZATION中 jwt_token = request.META.get('HTTP_AUTHORIZATION') # 自定义校验规则:auth token jwt token = self.parse_jwt_token(jwt_token) if token is None: return None try: # token => payload payload = jwt_decode_handler(token) except jwt.ExpiredSignature: raise AuthenticationFailed('token已过期') except: raise AuthenticationFailed('非法用户') # payload => user user = self.authenticate_credentials(payload) return (user, token) #获取到登录对象和签发的token # 自定义校验规则:auth token jwt,auth为前盐,jwt为后盐 def parse_jwt_token(self, jwt_token): tokens = jwt_token.split() if len(tokens) != 3 or tokens[0].lower() != 'auth' or tokens[2].lower() != 'jwt': return None return tokens[1]
views.py
from rest_framework.views import APIView from utils.response import APIResponse # 必须登录后才能访问 - 通过了认证权限组件 from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated # 自定义jwt校验规则 from .authentications import JWTAuthentication class UserDetail(APIView): authentication_classes = [JWTAuthentication] #返回user对象和token permission_classes = [IsAuthenticated] def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return APIResponse(results={'username': request.user.username})
群查接口各种筛选组件数据准备
models.py
class Car(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=16, unique=True, verbose_name='车名') price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, verbose_name='价格') brand = models.CharField(max_length=16, verbose_name='品牌') class Meta: db_table = 'api_car' verbose_name = '汽车表' verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.name
admin.py
admin.site.register(models.Car)
serializers.py
class CarModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = models.Car fields = ['name', 'price', 'brand']
views.py
# Car的群查接口 from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView class CarListAPIView(ListAPIView): queryset = models.Car.objects.all() serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer
urls.py
url(r'^cars/$', views.CarListAPIView.as_view()),
drf搜索过滤组件
views.py 搜索组件使用方法:路由后缀加 /?search=1 (name和price中包含1的数据都会被查询出来)
from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView # 第一步:drf的SearchFilter - 搜索过滤 from rest_framework.filters import SearchFilter class CarListAPIView(ListAPIView): queryset = models.Car.objects.all() serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer #自定义认证 # 第二步:局部配置 过滤类 们(全局配置用DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS) filter_backends = [SearchFilter] # 第三步:SearchFilter过滤类依赖的过滤条件 => 接口:/cars/?search=... search_fields = ['name', 'price'] #筛选字段 # eg:/cars/?search=1,name和price中包含1的数据都会被查询出
drf排序过滤组件
views.py
from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView # 第一步:drf的OrderingFilter - 排序过滤 from rest_framework.filters import OrderingFilter class CarListAPIView(ListAPIView): queryset = models.Car.objects.all() serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer # 第二步:局部配置 过滤类 们(全局配置用DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS) filter_backends = [OrderingFilter] # 第三步:OrderingFilter过滤类依赖的过滤条件 => 接口:/cars/?ordering=... ordering_fields = ['pk', 'price'] # eg:/cars/?ordering=-price,pk,先按price降序,如果出现price相同,再按pk升序
drf基础分页组件
paginations.py
from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination class MyPageNumberPagination(PageNumberPagination): # ?page=页码 定义代表页码的属性,如果写pages,就是?pages=页码 page_query_param = 'page' # ?page=页码 设置默认下一页显示的条数 page_size = 3 # ?page=页码&page_size=条数 用户自定义一页显示的条数 page_size_query_param = 'page_size' # 用户自定义一页显示的条数最大限制:数值超过5也只显示5条 max_page_size = 5
views.py
from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView class CarListAPIView(ListAPIView): # 如果queryset没有过滤条件,就必须 .all(),不然分页会出问题 queryset = models.Car.objects.all() serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer # 分页组件 - 给视图类配置分页类即可 - 分页类需要自定义,继承drf提供的分页类即可 pagination_class = pagenations.MyPageNumberPagination
#eg:/cars/ 显示第一页三条
/cars/?page=2&page_size=4 每页显示4条,显示第二页的4条