centos 6 安装python2.7和pip
由于scrapy1.0的发布,想在Linux上测试,所以安装了centos6.6;但是它的python版本为2.6,很多东西都不支持,所以需要升级为2.7;
首先是在window7上安装虚拟机,然后安装centos6.6系统,最后更新python版本,具体的更新过程如下(中间走的弯路就不说了,直接给出正确的):
1,更新gcc:
yum -y install gcc
提示 :
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Existing lock /var/run/yum.pid: another copy is running as pid 7172.
Another app is currently holding the yum lock; waiting for it to exit...
果断删除yum.pid(以root用户):rm /var/run/yum.pid
2,为了安装setuptools,要需要安装zlib:
yum install zlib zlib-dev
2.1,为在python编译时加入ssl模块,yum安装openssl和openssl-devel:
yum install openssl yum install openssl-devel
2.2,为了防止出现 import zlib找不到的情况,复制文件:
cp /usr/lib64/python2.6/lib-dynload/zlibmodule.so /usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload
3,下载python2.7.10,可直接到python官网下载,并选择相应版本;解压后文件夹改名为python
4,进入python,编译安装:
./configure make all make install make clean make distclean
5,把系统自带的2.6移除(依然会保留2.6版本:/usr/bin/python2.6)
rm -f /usr/bin/python
6,把python执行软连接连接到2.7
ln -s /usr/local/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python
7,编辑yum命令,把路径指明为2.6,因为yum必须基于2.6版本
vi /usr/bin/yum
把文件头部的#!/usr/bin/python改成#!/usr/bin/python2.6
保存退出,yum即可正常使用。如若有其他命令、软件不能正常使用,仿照yum配置文件的修改方法,修改其配置文件即可。
至此,更新完毕。
=====================================以下为pip的安装部分=================
8,安装setuptools,下载setuptools-18.0.1.tar.gz,解压后,进入setuptools-18.0.1,执行:
python setup.py install
9,安装pip,下载pip-7.1.0.tar.gz,解压后进入pip-7.1.0,执行:
python setup.py install
10,测试pip,如果报错“pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound: The 'pip==7.1.2' distribution was not found and is required by the application”,此时需要修改pip可执行程序:
mv /usr/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip0 cp /usr/bin/pip2.7 /usr/bin/pip
附:MySQLdb模块的安装方法:
简略方法:
pip install MySQL-python
安装后测试:
[root@iZ251ed9ao2Z ~]# python Python 2.7.11 (default, Oct 18 2016, 09:34:16) [GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-17)] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import MySQLdb >>>
如果正常,则ok,否则按照以下步骤安装:
1,到官网下载源代码:MySQL-python-1.2.3.tar.gz
2,编译安装:cd MySQL-python-1.2.3 && python setup.py install
3,若出现错误:_mysql.c:2444: error: ‘_mysql_ConnectionObject’ has no member named ‘open’ ,则安装以下包:
yum -y install mysql-devel libxml2 libxml2-dev libxslt* zlib gcc openssl
4,重新编译安装即可。